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(Coffea Arabica) Beans: Chlorogenic Acid As a Potential Bioactive Compound
molecules Article Decaffeination and Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activity of Arabica Green Coffee (Coffea arabica) Beans: Chlorogenic Acid as a Potential Bioactive Compound Muchtaridi Muchtaridi 1,2,* , Dwintha Lestari 2, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram 3,4 , Amirah Mohd Gazzali 5 , Maywan Hariono 6 and Habibah A. Wahab 5 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia 2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta No. 752, Bandung 40614, Indonesia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 5 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.M.G.); [email protected] (H.A.W.) 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus III, Sanata Dharma University, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +62-22-8784288888 (ext. 3210) Abstract: Coffee has been studied for its health benefits, including prevention of several chronic Citation: Muchtaridi, M.; Lestari, D.; diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, Parkinson’s, and liver diseases. Chlorogenic acid Khairul Ikram, N.K.; Gazzali, A.M.; (CGA), an important component in coffee beans, was shown to possess antiviral activity against Hariono, M.; Wahab, H.A. viruses. However, the presence of caffeine in coffee beans may also cause insomnia and stomach Decaffeination and Neuraminidase irritation, and increase heart rate and respiration rate. -
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04
Tea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04 Tea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods. "Tea" also refers to the aromatic beverage prepared from the cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water,[1] and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely-consumed beverage in the world.[2] It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavour which many enjoy.[3] The four types of tea most commonly found on the market are black tea, oolong tea, green tea and white tea,[4] all of which can be made from the same bushes, processed differently, and in the case of fine white tea grown differently. Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented tea, is also often classified as amongst the most popular types of tea.[5] Green Tea leaves in a Chinese The term "herbal tea" usually refers to an infusion or tisane of gaiwan. leaves, flowers, fruit, herbs or other plant material that contains no Camellia sinensis.[6] The term "red tea" either refers to an infusion made from the South African rooibos plant, also containing no Camellia sinensis, or, in Chinese, Korean, Japanese and other East Asian languages, refers to black tea. Contents 1 Traditional Chinese Tea Cultivation and Technologies 2 Processing and classification A tea bush. 3 Blending and additives 4 Content 5 Origin and history 5.1 Origin myths 5.2 China 5.3 Japan 5.4 Korea 5.5 Taiwan 5.6 Thailand 5.7 Vietnam 5.8 Tea spreads to the world 5.9 United Kingdom Plantation workers picking tea in 5.10 United States of America Tanzania. -
Extraction of Caffeine from Natural Matter Using a Bio-Renewable Agrochemical Solvent
food and bioproducts processing 9 1 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 303–309 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Bioproducts Processing j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbp Extraction of caffeine from natural matter using a bio-renewable agrochemical solvent a a b b David Villanueva Bermejo , Pilar Luna , Marina S. Manic , Vesna Najdanovic-Visak , a a,∗ Guillermo Reglero , Tiziana Fornari a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI UAM+CSIC, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain b REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal a b s t r a c t This paper reports experimental data on the pressurized liquid extraction of caffeine from green coffee beans and green tea leaves using ethyl lactate (ethyl 2-hydroxy-propanoate). This solvent is a new bio-renewable agrochemical solvent, naturally produced by fermentation from corn derived feedstock, which has been recently considered as a very suitable and environmental benign solvent for food industrial applications. Static extraction assays (one step during 10 min) were carried out in an Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system ◦ at three different extraction temperatures, namely 100, 150 and 200 C. Extraction yield and caffeine recovery were determined and compared with those obtained when using other liquid solvents, such as ethyl acetate or ethanol. High recovery of caffeine (≈60%) was found in the extracts produced using ethyl lactate, which demonstrates the potential use of this green solvent for the extraction of caffeine from different vegetable sources. -
Retail Catalog
MONTANA TEA & SPICE TRADING LLC SPRING 2020 RETAIL PRICE GUIDE VIRUS: OUTLET STORE WHILE THE STORE IS NOT OPEN FOR WALK-INS, YOU CAN: CALL, ORDER, PAY THEN PICK UP 10:30 - 3:30 Mon-Fri TO ORDER : E MAIL , F AX , C ALL US or MAIL IN ONLINE ORDERING UNAVAILABLE P.O. B OX 8082 MISSOULA MT 59807 Phone 406/721-4882 Fax 406/543-1126 [email protected] BLENDING TEAS SINCE 1972 G H T B 1lb bulk loose tea: 20.00 ERBA MAT% BLENDS Herbal Packages: 1oz 2.00 3oz 4.55 and ROOIBOS BLENDS Tea Teabags (if available ) 1 lb 21.25 1oz 2.10 3oz 4.85 Prices: ♥6pk teabags 2.10 ♥24pk teabags 4.65 teabags: ♥6pk 2.20 ♥24pk 4.95 PREMIER BLENDS MO,HA BLENDS ERBA MAT% . BLENDS Blueberry Hill ocha Almandine Green Caribbean Afternoon ocha Blac) ,aspberry ,oasted Copperfield ocha .ouble Chocolate 0erba Chocolate Hazelnut Early Light ocha .ouble Vanilla 0erba Cinnamon Chocolate Evening In issoula 1 lb 21.25 ocha Ginseng 0erba Citrus Fruit Of The Plain ocha Gingersnap 0erba Five Valleys Chai 1 lb 25.50 Harvest Time ocha Hazelnut 1 oz 2.35 3 oz 5.65 ontana Gold 1 lb 21.25 ocha int 0erba Huc)leberry orning eadows ocha L'Orange 0erba ocha Chocolate ountain Huc)leberry ocha ,um ,oyal 0erba Orange int Night On Glacier Bay MO-NTAIN SPI,E BLENDS 0erba ,aspberry Spice Purple ountains ajesty ountain Apple Spice ROOIBOS . BLENDS ,aspberry Sunrise ♥ ountain Apricot Spice ,ooibos Red Bush tea Africa ,ed ,over ountain Blac)berry Spice Anise Bush Starfire Licorice ountain Cherry Spice Apple Bush Strawberry Sunset ountain Orange Spice Apricot Bush Summer -
HERBAL 6/28Ct FLAVOR ASSORTED TEA ASSORTED TEA Available Individually
6/28ct HERBAL 6/28ct FLAVOR ASSORTED TEA ASSORTED TEA Available Individually: Herbal: 6/28ct Mint Medley Orange & Spice – I Love Lemon Black Cranberry Apple Tea Cozy Chamomile 10/100ct Empty Tea Chest - Sweet Dreams holds 8 varieties of tea, or 64 tea Empty Tea Rack holds 6 varieties of tea bags Flavored/Green: 6/28ct English Tea Time Earl Grey Green Tea Black Lemon Lift Decaffeinated For more information contact: Green Tea With Pomegranate Tea Tommy Signorile Raspberry Royale 6/48ct (845) 628-0880 Constant Comment [email protected] At Bigelow, Tea is our Passion. Tea trends and your customers: • By offering a variety of teas you are able to appeal to more customers thus increasing sales. Tea is one of the fastest growing beverages and has a high profit vs. cost ratio. • Tea is no longer a Fall/Winter drink… just like coffee it has become a part of everyday life. How value added items can have a positive effect on their bottom line: • All Bigelow Tea is packaged in protective pouches to protect the tea from moisture, ambient smells and water. The pouch also helps to provide a 3 year shelf life. • We supply customers with complimentary tea racks and tea chests as long as they are purchasing our tea; we want to give you all the tools possible to help you grow sales. How our “green items” can help you meet your customer expectations: • Bigelow is an environmentally conscious company; we have added $1.5 million dollars worth of solar panels to our facility which supplies 20% of our energy. -
Highly-Efficient Caffeine Recovery from Green Coffee Beans Under
processes Communication Highly-Efficient Caffeine Recovery from Green Coffee Beans under Ultrasound-Assisted SC–CO2 Extraction Janet Menzio, Arianna Binello , Alessandro Barge and Giancarlo Cravotto * Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (A.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-7183; Fax: +39-011-670-7162 Received: 2 August 2020; Accepted: 19 August 2020; Published: 1 September 2020 Abstract: Natural caffeine from decaffeination processes is widely used by pharmaceutical, cosmetic and soft-drink industries. Supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE–CO2) is extensively exploited industrially, and one of its most representative applications is the decaffeination process, which is a greener alternative to the use of organic solvents. Despite its advantages, extraction kinetics are rather slow near the CO2 critical point, meaning that improvements are highly sought after. The effect exerted by a combination of SFE–CO2 and ultrasound (US–SFE–CO2) has been investigated in this preliminary study, with the aim of improving mass transfer and selectivity in the extraction of caffeine from green coffee beans. This hybrid technology can considerably enhance the extraction efficiency and cut down process time. Further studies are in progress to demonstrate the complete decaffeination of green coffee beans of different types and origins. Keywords: caffeine; green coffee beans; supercritical CO2 extraction; ultrasound; hybrid technology 1. Introduction Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid widely used in beverages (soft or energy drinks), as well as in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations [1]. -
CONTACT US Call Your Local Depot, Or Register Online with Our Easy to Use Website That Works Perfectly on Whatever Device You Use
CONTACT US Call your local depot, or register online with our easy to use website that works perfectly on whatever device you use. Basingstoke 0370 3663 800 Nottingham 0370 3663 420 Battersea 0370 3663 500 Oban 0163 1569 100 Bicester 0370 3663 285 Paddock Wood 0370 3663 670 Birmingham 0370 3663 460 Salisbury 0370 3663 650 Chepstow 0370 3663 295 Slough 0370 3663 250 Edinburgh 0370 3663 480 Stowmarket 0370 3663 360 Gateshead 0370 3663 450 Swansea 0370 3663 230 Harlow 0370 3663 520 Wakefield 0370 3663 400 Lee Mill 0370 3663 600 Worthing 0370 3663 580 Manchester 0370 3663 400 Bidvest Foodservice 814 Leigh Road Slough SL1 4BD Tel: +44 (0)370 3663 100 http://www.bidvest.co.uk www.bidvest.co.uk Bidvest Foodservice is a trading name of BFS Group Limited (registered number 239718) whose registered office is at 814 Leigh Road, Slough SL1 4BD. The little book of TEA 3 Contents It’s Tea Time! With a profit margin of around 90%*, tea is big business. We have created this guide to tea so help you make the most of this exciting opportunity. Tea Varieties .............................. 4 Tea Formats ............................... 6 With new blends and infusions such as Chai and Which Tea Is Right For You? .... 8 Matcha as well as traditional classics such as Earl Profit Opportunity ....................10 Grey and English Breakfast, we have something for Maximise Your Tea Sales .......12 all, helping to ensure your customers’ tea experience The Perfect Serve ....................15 The Perfect Display .................16 will be a talking point! The Perfect Pairing ..................18 Tea & Biscuit Pairing ...............20 Tea Geekery ............................21 Recipes .....................................22 Tea Listing ................................28 4 People’s passion for tea All about tea has been re-ignited. -
F All & Winter 2
Fall & winter 2009 MILOTM LOOSE TEA INFUSER DEAR VALUED CUSTOMER, Welcome to Fall/Holiday 2009! With consumer uncertainty settling, on shelf. I have also created the festive and functional Milo tea infuser, we are anticipating a strong and healthy second half of the year. Tea a truly innovative design. Say goodbye to the tea ball and chain!! Forté is uniquely poised— offering elegant and purposeful gift options at accessible price points. We truly are an affordable luxury that And finally, back by popular demand, the 2009 pre-assorted Holiday continues to sell well beyond expectations. Collection! We are appreciative of your enthusiastic feedback regarding the ease of last year’s program and its successful sell through. milo loose tea infuser NEW This season’s design has focused on enhanced merchandising. We And this year’s Collection is even better! Inspired by the simple beauty MEASURES : 6 X 2.75 X 2” have replaced many of our gift boxes with distinguished bands that of natural birch bark, we have developed a line of products that are An easy to use loose tea infuser that is showcase the unique, clean lines of our products. We have redesigned elegant in their simplicity and offer very accessible price points. In the perfect for brewing a cup, mug or small teapot. Just add loose tea to the stainless the interior of our best selling gift sets so that shoppers can easily spirit of the season, we are offering you a financial incentive to purchase steel base, twist on the colorful ceramic see the contents. These changes make dramatic, eye-=catching by the Assortment. -
Coffee, Tea, Or Caffeine-Free?
SPECIAL REPORT: Coffee, Tea, or Caffeine-Free? Copyright 2016 by David L. Meinz, MS, RDN, FAND, CSP www.DavidMeinz.com Americans drink a whopping 500 million cups of coffee every day. That comes to over six billion gallons a year. That’s more than any other country in the world. It’s been our national drink ever since the Boston Tea Party. Coffee accounts for about 75% of the caffeine we take in and about nine out of ten Americans take caffeine in everyday in one form or another. The average American coffee drinker says they take in about 3 ½ cups per day. And the surprising good news about coffee is that there is very little bad news. The coffee bean, like all plants, contains many different naturally occuring compounds and chemicals. Some of those are the good antioxidants that help our body protect itself from damage. As a matter of fact, a recent study found that coffee is the number one source of antioxidants in the U.S; not necessarily because it’s such a good source, but simply because Americans just drink so much of it. It you really want lots of antioxidants, instead of drinking more coffee, start eating more fruit. Blueberries, dates, and red grapes are especially high in antioxidants. Of course the real issue in most peoples minds is the caffeine content of this beverage. There’s no denying that caffeine can improve your mood and help fight fatigue. It can also act as a mild stimulant to improve physical and mental performance especially on monotonous tasks that you do over and over every day. -
Empire of Tea
Empire of Tea Empire of Tea The Asian Leaf that Conquered the Wor ld Markman Ellis, Richard Coulton, Matthew Mauger reaktion books For Ceri, Bey, Chelle Published by Reaktion Books Ltd 33 Great Sutton Street London ec1v 0dx, uk www.reaktionbooks.co.uk First published 2015 Copyright © Markman Ellis, Richard Coulton, Matthew Mauger 2015 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers Printed and bound in China by 1010 Printing International Ltd A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 978 1 78023 440 3 Contents Introduction 7 one: Early European Encounters with Tea 14 two: Establishing the Taste for Tea in Britain 31 three: The Tea Trade with China 53 four: The Elevation of Tea 73 five: The Natural Philosophy of Tea 93 six: The Market for Tea in Britain 115 seven: The British Way of Tea 139 eight: Smuggling and Taxation 161 nine: The Democratization of Tea Drinking 179 ten: Tea in the Politics of Empire 202 eleven: The National Drink of Victorian Britain 221 twelve: Twentieth-century Tea 247 Epilogue: Global Tea 267 References 277 Bibliography 307 Acknowledgements 315 Photo Acknowledgements 317 Index 319 ‘A Sort of Tea from China’, c. 1700, a material survival of Britain’s encounter with tea in the late seventeenth century. e specimen was acquired by James Cuninghame, a physician and ship’s surgeon who visited Amoy (Xiamen) in 1698–9 and Chusan (Zhoushan) in 1700–1703. -
Characterization of Caffeine and Determination of Caffeine in Tea Leaves Using Uv-Visible Spectrometer
African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 5(1), pp. 1-8, January 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPAC ISSN 1996 - 0840 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Characterization of caffeine and determination of caffeine in tea leaves using uv-visible spectrometer Tadelech Atomssa* and A.V. Gholap Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Accepted 4 November, 2010 In this research, characterization of pure caffeine and the method for determination of caffeine content in twelve commercial tea leaves have been reported using UV-visible spectrometer. The optical transition properties of caffeine were measured in different solvents (dichloromethane, water, chloroform and ethyl acetate). The results show that, caffeine has highest optical transitions in dichloromethane than the other solvents. After characterization of the electron transition, the content of caffeine in 6 Ethiopian black and green tea leaves and 5 different black tea leaves from South Africa, Kenya, 2 India, Zimbabwe, and Sri Lanka green teas, were analyzed at 30°C. Four Ethiopian tea samples were also analyzed at the boiling temperature using smaller extraction time. The result of the experiment at both temperatures indicates that, the caffeine content of Ethiopian green tea leaves is greatest of all the Ethiopian teas while black lion tea has the least. Of all the samples tested, Kenyan black tea had the highest caffeine content and Sri Lankan green teas had the least caffeine. The result also indicates that, caffeine can be extracted more at the boiling temperature than at 30°C. -
The Living History Classroom (Fall 2015)
FALL 2015 Living History CLASSROOM Through the Wilderness Exploring North Carolina with Lawson, Tuscarora & the First Printing Press A Publication of Tryon Palace “The State of North Carolina from the best Authorities &c.” is a map drawn by Samuel Lewis in 1795. Does it look different from the North Carolina we see today? Mapping Our State Words to Know When traveling today, many of us chart our course by using , which GPS GPS: short for Global Positioning System, relies on information from satellites and maps to make sure we arrive at which uses satellites and maps to determine our intended destination. People living in the 17th and 18th centuries location could not use a computer system. To find their way, they relied on Cartography: the science of making maps for paper maps. defined transportation routes used to trade Cartography is a skill that combines mathematics, geography, and art goods on land and waterways to produce a physical map of the earth. Accurate maps define boundaries Cartographer: a person who combines and settle arguments over land. They also show dangerous waters and observation, math, and drawing to make maps coastlines to help save the lives of sailors. Land surveyor: a person whose job is to Cartographers in the 1600s and 1700s often used surveying skills. measure and examine an area of land Land surveyors used chains to measure the distance between two points. Theodolite: a surveying tool made from a Surveyor’s chains were 66 feet long with 100 links. Each link was about 8 telescope, it sits on a tripod and measures inches long.