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Geology of the Yorkshire Coast 4. Staithes
05/03/2013 Geology of the Yorkshire Coast Dr Liam Herringshaw - [email protected] 4. Staithes – of Sand and Iron Early Jurassic Staithes Sandstone Formation Cleveland Ironstone Formation 1 05/03/2013 Staithes to Old Nab Simplified cliff section Rocks get younger towards south and east: RMF-SSF-CIF-WMF 2 05/03/2013 Staithes Sandstone Formation •Early Jurassic: Middle Pliensbachian Key features Sandstones with cross-stratification Burrowed siltstones 3 05/03/2013 Hummocky cross-stratification Fine-grained storm deposits 4 05/03/2013 Burrowed siltstones •After each storm, organic-rich silts deposited in quieter conditions Cleveland Ironstone Formation Transition from SSF to CIF, Penny Nab 5 05/03/2013 Oolitic ironstones Cleveland Ironstone Formation Modern oolites Warm, wave-agitated waters 6 05/03/2013 Stratigraphy Fossils 7 05/03/2013 Old Nab Ironstone burrows 8 05/03/2013 Siderite – iron carbonate Grows in sediment Needs low oxygen, low-sulphide conditions with iron and calcium Normally grey; turns red when oxidized Cleveland ironstone environment Fossils = marine conditions Ooids = high energy environment Primary iron-rich ooids = iron-rich waters Burrow scratches = firm sediments Shallow sea, wave-agitated, lots of runoff from land (with iron-rich soils?) 9 05/03/2013 Jet-powered Whitby Early Jurassic Whitby Mudstone Formation Grey Shales Black Shales Alum Shales Whitby Mudstone Formation 10 05/03/2013 Whitby Mudstone Formation Late Early Jurassic – Toarcian 5 subdivisions, mostly muddy Common features - sediments Finely laminated, -
Strategic Stone Study a Building Stone Atlas of Cambridgeshire (Including Peterborough)
Strategic Stone Study A Building Stone Atlas of Cambridgeshire (including Peterborough) Published January 2019 Contents The impressive south face of King’s College Chapel, Cambridge (built 1446 to 1515) mainly from Magnesian Limestone from Tadcaster (Yorkshire) and Kings Cliffe Stone (from Northamptonshire) with smaller amounts of Clipsham Stone and Weldon Stone Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Cambridgeshire Bedrock Geology Map ........................................................................................................... 2 Cambridgeshire Superficial Geology Map....................................................................................................... 3 Stratigraphic Table ........................................................................................................................................... 4 The use of stone in Cambridgeshire’s buildings ........................................................................................ 5-19 Background and historical context ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The Fens ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 South -
Dinosaurs British Isles
DINOSAURS of the BRITISH ISLES Dean R. Lomax & Nobumichi Tamura Foreword by Dr Paul M. Barrett (Natural History Museum, London) Skeletal reconstructions by Scott Hartman, Jaime A. Headden & Gregory S. Paul Life and scene reconstructions by Nobumichi Tamura & James McKay CONTENTS Foreword by Dr Paul M. Barrett.............................................................................10 Foreword by the authors........................................................................................11 Acknowledgements................................................................................................12 Museum and institutional abbreviations...............................................................13 Introduction: An age-old interest..........................................................................16 What is a dinosaur?................................................................................................18 The question of birds and the ‘extinction’ of the dinosaurs..................................25 The age of dinosaurs..............................................................................................30 Taxonomy: The naming of species.......................................................................34 Dinosaur classification...........................................................................................37 Saurischian dinosaurs............................................................................................39 Theropoda............................................................................................................39 -
EGU2014-10476-5, 2014 EGU General Assembly 2014 © Author(S) 2014
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 16, EGU2014-10476-5, 2014 EGU General Assembly 2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Bathonian “Great Oolite Group” of Woodeaton Quarry, Oxfordshire. Ronald Guthrie (1), Stephen Stukins (2), and Tim Raub (1) (1) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, Scotland, United Kingdom, (2) Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Woodeaton Quarry, Oxfordshire, represents the most continuously exposed section of the Upper Bathonian “Great Oolite Group” in the United Kingdom. Like most of the British Bathonian, it is lacking in reliable ammonite zonation from which to define a chronostratigraphy. The sedimentology of the succession can be broken up into two broad facies types: 1. A clay rich, brackish lagoonal environment with intermixed freshwater-influenced flora and fauna; 2. A marginal marine calcareous succession of an oolitic nature with periodic mud-drape intervals. The marginal marine depositional setting, the completeness of the Upper Bathonian stratigraphy and lack of biostratigraphically important macrofauna has motivated this study into the micropalaeontology of Woodeaton. The primary aims of this study are to use foraminifera and ostracods to reconstruct the palaeoenvironments and to refine the biostratigraphy of the Upper Bathonian. The studied succession commences at the top of the Taynton Limestone Formation, which fines upwards into the clay-rich Rutland Formation. Several species of marine ostracods known from the Mid-Upper Bathonian are recovered from the base of the Rutland Formation, such as Praeschuleridea confossa and Angliaecytherldea calvata, as well as fragments of fish scales and elasmobranch teeth. -
Environmental Character Assessment and Key Issues
ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTER ASSESSMENT AND KEY ISSUES ‘LANDMARKS AND SIGNS’ COGENHOE PHOTO-CONSTRUTION 8’ X ‘4 JOHN HARPER 2005 CONTENTS 1.0 PREFACE 03 1.1 Introduction 03 1.2 Linking People and Place 04 1.3 Uses of the ECA 05 1.4 Key Issues 05 2.0 INTRODUCTION 06 2.1 Appointment and Brief 06 2.2 Characterisation in Practice 07 2.3 Approach and Methodology 07 3.0 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE’S ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTER 08 3.1 Introduction 08 3.2 Northamptonshire’s Environmental Character Areas 08 1. East Northamptonshire Claylands 09 2. Collyweston Plateau 12 3. Rockingham Forest 14 4. Welland Valley 19 5. Lower Nene (Aldwincle to Wansford) 22 6. Middle Nene (Northampton to Aldwincle) 25 7. Upper Nene Catchment and Watford Gap 28 8. Central Northamptonshire Plateaux and Valleys 31 9. Yardley Chase and Salcey Forest 35 10. Whittlewood 38 11. Tove and Ouse Catchment 40 12. Croughton Plateau 43 13. West Northamptonshire Uplands 45 14. Cherwell Valley 48 15. Vale of Rugby 50 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 53 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTER ASSESSMENT AND KEY ISSUES 1.0 PREFACE 1.1 Introduction The county of Northamptonshire extends over an area of approximately 2360 km2 and has a population of more than half a million people. It is located in the East Midlands Region, and includes seven District and Borough Council Administrative Authorities. The greater part of the county retains a strong rural character, and comprises agricultural land and isolated villages, hamlets, and country estates. The landscape bears the marks of changes which have taken place over many hundreds of years, with evidence of agricultural improvement, transport infrastructure, settlement, industry, mining and woodland management. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index Note: Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Abel, Othenio (1875–1946) Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Robert Plot 7 arboreal theory 244 Astrodon 363, 365 Geschichte und Methode der Rekonstruktion... Atlantosaurus 365, 366 (1925) 328–329, 330 Augusta, Josef (1903–1968) 222–223, 331 Action comic 343 Aulocetus sammarinensis 80 Actualism, work of Capellini 82, 87 Azara, Don Felix de (1746–1821) 34, 40–41 Aepisaurus 363 Azhdarchidae 318, 319 Agassiz, Louis (1807–1873) 80, 81 Azhdarcho 319 Agustinia 380 Alexander, Annie Montague (1867–1950) 142–143, 143, Bakker, Robert. T. 145, 146 ‘dinosaur renaissance’ 375–376, 377 Alf, Karen (1954–2000), illustrator 139–140 Dinosaurian monophyly 93, 246 Algoasaurus 365 influence on graphic art 335, 343, 350 Allosaurus, digits 267, 271, 273 Bara Simla, dinosaur discoveries 164, 166–169 Allosaurus fragilis 85 Baryonyx walkeri Altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231 relation to Spinosaurus 175, 177–178, 178, 181, 183 Alum Shale Member, Parapsicephalus purdoni 195 work of Charig 94, 95, 102, 103 Amargasaurus 380 Beasley, Henry Charles (1836–1919) Amphicoelias 365, 366, 368, 370 Chirotherium 214–215, 219 amphisbaenians, work of Charig 95 environment 219–220 anatomy, comparative 23 Beaux, E. Cecilia (1855–1942), illustrator 138, 139, 146 Andrews, Roy Chapman (1884–1960) 69, 122 Becklespinax altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231, Andrews, Yvette 122 232, 363 Anning, Joseph (1796–1849) 14 belemnites, Oxford Clay Formation, Peterborough Anning, Mary (1799–1847) 24, 25, 113–116, 114, brick pits 53 145, 146, 147, 288 Benett, Etheldred (1776–1845) 117, 146 Dimorphodon macronyx 14, 115, 294 Bhattacharji, Durgansankar 166 Hawker’s ‘Crocodile’ 14 Birch, Lt. -
“Geochemical Characterisation of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian Boundary During the Onset of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
“Geochemical characterisation of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary during the onset of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. North Yorkshire, UK” Najm-Eddin Salem A thesis submitted to Newcastle University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, UK. February 2013 I ABSTRACT The lower Whitby Mudstone Formation of the Cleveland Basin in North Yorkshire (UK) is a world renowned location for the Early Toarcian (T-OAE). Detailed climate records of the event have been reported from this location that shed new light on the forcing and timing of climate perturbations and associated development of ocean anoxia. Despite this extensive previous work, few studies have explored the well-preserved sediments below the event that document different phases finally leading to large-scale (global) anoxia, which is the focus of this project. We resampled the underlying Grey Shale Member at cm-scale resolution and conducted a detailed multi-proxy geochemical approach to reconstruct the redox history prior to the Toarcian OAE. The lower Whitby Mudstone Formation, subdivided into the Grey Shale Member overlain by the Jet Rock (T-OAE), is a cyclic transgressive succession that evolved from the relatively shallow water sediments of the Cleveland Ironstone Formation. The Grey Shale Member is characterised by three distinct layers of organic rich shales (~10-60 cm thick), locally named as the ‘sulphur bands’. Directly above and below these conspicuous beds, the sediments represent more normal marine mudstones. Further upwards the sequence sediments become increasingly laminated and organic carbon rich (up to 14 wt %) representing a period of maximum flooding that culminated in the deposition of the Jet Rock (T-OAE). -
Local Geodiversity Action Plan for Oxfordshire’S Lower and Middle Jurassic
Local Geodiversity Action Plan for Oxfordshire’s Lower and Middle Jurassic Supported by Oxfordshire’s Lower and Middle Jurassic Geodiversity Action Plan has been produced by Oxfordshire Geology Trust with funding from the ALSF Partnership Grants Scheme through Defra’s Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund. Oxfordshire Geology Trust The Geological Records Centre The Corn Exchange Faringdon SN7 7JA 01367 243 260 www.oxfordshiregt.org [email protected] © Oxfordshire Geology Trust, June 2006 Lower and Middle Jurassic Local Geodiversity Action Plan, Edition 1 Page 1 of 25 © Oxfordshire Geology Trust March 2007 Contents Introduction 3 What is Geodiversity? 4 The Conservation of our Geodiversity National Geoconservation Initiatives 5 Geoconservation in Oxfordshire 6 Local Geodiversity Action plans – Purpose and Process The Purpose of LGAPs 7 The Geographical Boundary 7 Preparing the Plan 8 Geodiversity Audit 8 Oxfordshire’s Lower and Middle Jurassic Geodiversity Resource Lower Lias 10 Middle Lias 11 Upper Lias 12 Inferior Oolite 12 Great Oolite 12 Oxford Clay 16 Fossils 16 Geomorphological Features 17 Building Stone 18 Museum Collections 18 History of Geological Research 19 Implementation Relationships with other Management Plans 21 Future of the LGAP 22 The Action Plan 23 Lower and Middle Jurassic Local Geodiversity Action Plan, Edition 1 Page 2 of 25 © Oxfordshire Geology Trust March 2007 Introduction Oxfordshire’s geology has long been admired by geologists and utilised by industry. In fact, it was a driving force for the industrialization of the nation through the exploitation of ironstone. Our geodiversity however, extends beyond our exposures of rocks and fossils to include landscape and geomorphology, building stones, museums collections and soils. -
Mineral Resource Report | Leicestershire and Rutland (Comprising City of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland)
Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning Leicestershire and Rutland (comprising City of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland) BGS Commissioned Research Report CR/02/24/N D J Harrison, P J Henney, D G Cameron, N A Spencer, D J Evans, G K Lott, K A Linley and D E Highley, Keyworth, Nottingham 2002 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TECHNICAL REPORT CR/02/24/N Mineral Resources Series Mineral Resource Information for Development Plans: Leicestershire and Rutland (comprising City of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland) D J Harrison, P J Henney, D G Cameron, N A Spencer, D J Evans, G K Lott, K A Linley and D E Highley, This report accompanies the 1:100 000 scale map: Leicestershire and Rutland (comprising City of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland) Cover Photograph Bibliographical reference: Harrison, D J, Henney, P J, Cameron, D G, Spencer, N A, Evans, D J, Lott, G K, Linley, K A and Highley, D E 2002. Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning: Leicestershire and Rutland (comprising City of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland). BGS Commissioned Report CR/02/24/N. All photographs copyright © NERC BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey Offices Sales Desk at the Survey headquarters, Keyworth, Nottingham. The more popular maps and books may be purchased from BGS- Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG approved stockists and agents and over the counter at the 0115–936 3100 Fax 0115–936 3200 Bookshop, Gallery 37, Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), e-mail: sales @bgs.ac.uk www.bgs.ac.uk Cromwell Road, London. -
Horizontal Fracture-Fault Network Characterization of Pavement Imagery of the Whitby Mudstone
Horizontal fracture-fault network characterization of pavement imagery of the Whitby Mudstone Q.D. Boersma Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands A Msc Thesis First Supervisor: Prof. dr. M.R. Drury (Utrecht University) Second Supervisor: dr. N.J. Hardebol (TU Delft) Third Supervisor: dr. M.E. Houben (Utrecht University) 1 Abstract Natural fractures play an important role in the hydrocarbon production from tight reservoirs. The need for fracture network pathways by fraccing matters particularly for shale gas prospects, due to their nano to micro darcies matrix permeabilities. The study of natural fractures from outcrops helps to better understand network connectivity and possibility of reactivating pre-existing planes of weakness, induced by hydraulic stimulation. Microseismicity also show that natural fractures are reactivated during fraccing in tight gas reservoirs and influence the success of the stimulation. An accurate understanding of natural fracture networks can help in predicting the development of fracture networks. In this research we analyze an outcrop analogue, the Whitby Mustone Formation (WMF), in terms of its horizontal fracture network. The WMF is the time equivalent of the Posidonia Shale Formation (PSF), which on itself is the main shale gas prospect in the Dutch subsurface. The fracture network of the WMF is characterized by a system of steep dipping joints with two dominant directions with N-S and E-W strike. The network was digitized from bird-view imagery of the pavement with a spatial extent of ~100 m at sub-cm resolution. The imagery is interpreted in terms of orientation and length distributions, intensity and fractal dimensions. -
Martin A. Whyte & Mike Romano. Dinosaur Footprints Associated With
Dinosaur footprints associated with an ephemeral pool in the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, UK Martin A. Whyte & Mike Romano Sheffield Dinosaur Track Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. ABSTRACT - A thin mudstone intercalation within channel sandstones of the Saltwick Formation (Middle Jurassic) of the Cleveland area of Yorkshire shows a succession of invertebrate traces followed by dinosaur tracks and then shrinkage cracks. The tridactyl prints, all made by the same type of small bipedal dinosaur, show an interesting range of morphologies, includ- ing imprints of the metatarsal area, consistent with their having been made in soft cohesive mud of varying moisture content. Some of the tracks indicate that the foot was moved backwards during withdrawal. Such foot movement can also be observed in modern emu locomotion. The pattern of shrinkage cracks is partly controlled by the prints. This sequence is comparable to the sequence of traces and structures which have been observed in a recent ephemeral pool and is interpreted as having formed in a similar environment. Uniquely for the Yorkshire area, the prints and cracks are infilled by small, now sideritised, pellets possibly of invertebrate faecal origin. Keywords: dinosaur, footprints, preservation, Jurassic, England, emu, faecal pellets. INTRODUCTION 1993), led to an erosional break between the Lower Jurassic (Whitby Mudstone Formation; Toarcian) and the basal Mid- Tracks are the commonest type of dinosaur fossil dle Jurassic (lower Aalenian) Dogger Formation, which is a and provide important evidence of the gait, speed, habit and thin, clastic marine unit (fig. 2). The overlying Ravenscar facies preference of these animals; evidence which often Group (Aalenian to Bathonian) is a predominantly non- cannot be obtained from other sources. -
A Synoptic Review of the Vertebrate Fauna from the “Green Series
A synoptic review of the vertebrate fauna from the “Green Series” (Toarcian) of northeastern Germany with descriptions of new taxa: A contribution to the knowledge of Early Jurassic vertebrate palaeobiodiversity patterns I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von Sebastian Stumpf geboren am 9. Oktober 1986 in Berlin-Hellersdorf Greifswald, Februar 2017 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Werner Weitschies 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ingelore Hinz-Schallreuter 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Paul Martin Sander Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: 22. Juni 2017 2 Content 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Geological and Stratigraphic Framework .................................................................................... 5 3. Material and Methods ................................................................................................................... 8 4. Results and Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Dinosaurs .................................................................................................................................. 10 4.2 Marine Reptiles .......................................................................................................................