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Echinoidea Y Holothuroidea

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Echinoidea Y Holothuroidea Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea. Item Type Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings Authors Borrero Peréz, Giomar; Benavides Serrato, Milena; Díaz Sánchez, Christian Michael Publisher Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR Download date 10/10/2021 23:38:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6680 Holothuroidea Echinoidea y Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Holothuroidea Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea Autores Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez Milena Benavides Serrato Christian Michael Diaz Sanchez Revisores: Alejandra Martínez Melo Francisco Solís Marín Juan José Alvarado Figuras: Giomar Borrero, Christian Díaz y Milena Benavides. Fotografías: Andia Chaves-Fonnegra Angelica Rodriguez Rincón Francisco Armando Arias Isaza Christian Diaz Director General Erika Ortiz Gómez Giomar Borrero Javier Alarcón Jean Paul Zegarra Jesús Antonio Garay Tinoco Juan Felipe Lazarus Subdirector Coordinación de Luis Chasqui Investigaciones (SCI) Luis Mejía Milena Benavides Paul Tyler Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center Sandra Rincón Cabal Sven Zea Subdirector Recursos y Apoyo a la Todd Haney Investigación (SRA) Valeria Pizarro Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution David A. Alonso Carvajal Fotografía de la portada: Christian Diaz. Coordinador Programa Biodiversidad y Fotografías contraportada: Christian Diaz, Luis Mejía, Juan Felipe Lazarus, Luis Chasqui. Ecosistemas Marinos (BEM) Mapas: Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información LabSIS-Invemar. Paula Cristina Sierra Correa Harold Mauricio Bejarano Coordinadora Programa Investigación para la Gestión Marina y Costera (GEZ) Cítese como: Borrero-Pérez G.H., M. Benavides-Serrato y C.M. Diaz-San- chez (2012) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echi- noidea y Holothuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales Constanza Ricaurte Villota de Invemar No. 30. Santa Marta, 250 p. Coordinadora Programa Geociencias Marinas (GEO) ISBN 978-958-8448-52-7 Diseño y Diagramación: Franklin Restrepo Marín. Luisa Fernanda Espinosa Coordinadora Programa Calidad Ambiental Impresión: Marina (CAM) Marquillas S.A. Palabras clave: Equinodermos, Caribe, Colombia, Taxonomía, Biodiversidad, Mario Rueda Claves taxonómicas, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea. Coordinador Programa Valoración y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Marinos ©2012 Instituto de investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “Jose (VAR) Benito Vives de Andréis" -Invemar-, Santa Marta, Colombia. Vinculado al Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sosteni- ble, desde 1993 (Ley 99). Todos los derechos reservados. Carlos Augusto Pinilla González Ninguna parte de esta publicación puede ser reproduci- Coordinador Coordinación Servicios da, almacenada en sistema recuperable o transmitido en Científicos (CSC) ninguna forma o por ningún medio electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, grabación u otros, sin el previo consentimiento escrito del Invemar. Presentación a sea que nos demos cuenta o no, todos somos taxónomos innatos, en nuestras vidas es constante la necesidad de separar y clasificar los diferentes objetos que nos rodean. Esta ciencia de descubrir, des- Ycribir, nombrar e identificar las especies, conocida como taxonomía, desempeña un papel fundamental en otras disciplinas como la biología y sus hermanas la biología evolutiva, la biogeografía, la ecología y la conservación, entre otras, ya que la delimitación de las especies es información básica para su comprensión. Por esta razón estas disciplinas dependen en parte de los inventarios de especies y del conocimiento que se tenga de las mismas. Asimismo, las especies también son importantes para la evaluación de la biodiversidad global y su estudio permite poblar nuestro conocimiento de los diferentes grupos biológicos. Es tiempo de integrar mejor la ciencia de la taxonomía en el mundo de la conservación y la mejor forma de hacerlo es dando a conocer a la sociedad, a la comunidad científica y académica y a los tomadores de decisiones, la riqueza biológica marina con la que cuenta la nación, brindando las bases para encarar los vacíos existentes no solo en el conocimiento mismo de las especies, sino también en otras disciplinas, incluyendo el aprovechamiento de especies de creciente interés económico como son algunos erizos y pepi- nos de mar. Este conocimiento, así como los procesos para obtenerlo, constituyen un aporte para solventar la crisis actual de la biodiversidad, la escasez de investigadores dedicados a la taxonomía y el impacto que estas deficiencias tienen en nuestra capacidad de conservar, utilizar y compartir los beneficios de nuestra biodiversidad. Las investigaciones sobre equinodermos en Colombia han tenido un avance significativo en los úl- timos años. Recientemente el INVEMAR publicó el libro Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea el cual muestra a la comunidad la diversidad de estas tres clases de equinodermos. En esta ocasión y con el propósito de completar el conocimiento que tenemos sobre este grupo de inver- tebrados en nuestro país, presentamos el segundo volumen de equinodermos del Caribe colombiano que comprende las clases Echinoidea (erizos de mar) y Holothuroidea (pepinos de mar). Este es el resultado de años de trabajo de los investigadores del INVEMAR, específicamente del Programa de Biodiversidad y Eco- sistemas Marinos y del Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia, con el cual continuamos cumpliendo el compromiso institucional con Colombia y con la variedad de vida en la tierra, de aportar información de los diferentes grupos biológicos de nuestro país para su valoración y protección. Francisco A. Arias Isaza Director General Invemar Isostichopus badionotus Fotografía Christian Diaz Prólogo mediados de los noventa el conocimiento que se tenía sobre los equinodermos de los mares de Co- lombia era escaso y se limitaba a inventarios realizados en aguas someras, generalmente con base A en colectas manuales realizadas por buceo, o bien mediante el uso de changas (redes de arraste pequeño) usadas sobre fondos blandos o de fanerógamas marinas, y de algunos pocos cruceros de buques extranjeros. Para entonces, el número de especies identificado y publicado en revistas nacionales y algunas internacionales no superaba quizás las 80. Pero el fin del siglo veinte y el inicio del veintiuno trajeron un importante desarrollo en la ampliación y profundización de inventarios de fauna y flora marina, resultado de la creación y consolidación del Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andreís (INVEMAR). El mismo inició actividades con varias expediciones de colecta de megafauna marina desde aguas someras de la plataforma continental hasta el talud continental del Caribe colombiano (1000 m), tratando de cubrir de este a oeste toda nuestra costa norte. Los inventarios contaron además, con soporte de verificación de la identificación de organismos colectados, por parte de especialistas de importantes museos de Norte América y Europa, quienes además ayudaron a formar a nuestros actuales curadores, elevando el número de registros para nuestras aguas de manera importante y enriqueciendo la colección nacional de los mismos no sólo con material de referencia, sino incluyendo material tipo de nuevas especies que se describieron por primera vez para la ciencia. Por fortuna en esta ocasión además de los grupos ya tradicionalmente estudiados por INVEMAR, tales como peces, crustáceos, moluscos, celenterados y algas, se sumaron grupos hasta ahora poco investigados como equinodermos, anélidos y briozoos. Tras varios años de cruceros y arduo trabajo de laboratorio, de verificación de material en museos reconocidos y de interacción entre investigadores colombianos y extranjeros, comenzaron a aparecer los primeros catálogos de fauna y flora marina, con los aportes de más de una década de estudios. Dentro de éste marco, el presente es el segundo catálogo del grupo de los equinodermos. El prime- ro apareció en 2011 e incluyó a los crinoideos (lirios de mar), asteroideos (estrellas de mar) y ofiuroideos (estrellas quebradizas), ilustrando y entregando información detallada de 169 especies. El nuevo volumen mantiene el formato y calidad del primero ocupándose en ésta ocasión del grupo de los equinoideos (erizos y galletas de mar) y de los holoturoideos (pepinos de mar), aportando información para un total de 101 especies. De ellas, seis son nuevos registros para Colombia, cuatro erizos (Salenia goesiana, Conolampas sigsbei, Echinolampas depressa y Encope michelini) y 2 pepinos (Eostichopus arnesoni y Chiridota rotifera). La importancia de los catálogos para la comunidad estudiantil y científica es enorme, pues facilita en gran medida la identificación de los especímenes que se colecten en cualquier investigación académica o aplicada, al colocar en un mismo texto el resumen del conocimiento actual del grupo, pues normal- mente pocos textos permiten la revisión y rápida identificación del material biológico de nuestros mares. Normalmente dicha información está dispersa en cientos de publicaciones científicas cortas, en revistas internacionales de difícil consecución para el personal que se inicia en el tema o que bien solo requiere de la identificación rápida del material para su uso con cualquier propósito investigativo. A este segundo volumen se suma una importante adición, que hace aun más práctico y expedito el uso del mismo: las claves de identificación. Sin duda esta mejora agilizará y optimizará
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