Contents Nantes, European Green Capital 2013 1 Nantes The Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis: building the city around the river 3

I. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: An Eco-Metropolis in motion 7 Saint-Nazaire 1.1. A meaningful space 7 1.1.1. Water, water everywhere 7 building the city around the river 1.1.2. A vision in green 7 1.1.3. Bipolar metropolis 7

1.2. Strong development 8 1.2.1. Steady demographic growth 8 1.2.2. Economic performance that benefits everyone 8

1.3. A shared project for an Eco-Metropolis 9 1.3.1. A governed territory 9 1.3.2. The Eco-Metropolis Project 10

II. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects 19

2.1. Building the city around the water: the urban projects around the river 20

2.2. Protect, preserve and promote the estuary: the environmental projects 32

2.3. Renew the economic dynamics of the river: economic projects 37

2.4. Transit options: transportation projects 38

2.5. Explore and showcase the estuary: cultural, tourist and recreational projects 41

Governance in the greater territory 45

Cartographic references 46

Contact Pôle métropolitain Nantes Saint-Nazaire 2 Cours du Champ de Mars – 44923 Nantes Cedex 9 www.nantessaintnazaire.fr – Tél. 00 33 2 51 16 47 09 Nantes Saint-Nazaire Metropolis Contents Nantes, Nantes, European Green Capital 2013 1 European Green Capital 2013

The Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis: building the city around the river 3 In January 2013, Nantes will become European tives launched the “My City Tomorrow” initiative, Green Capital , following in the footsteps of which will mobilise all stakeholders in the region Stockholm, Hamburg and Vitoria-Gasteiz. This prize, (the local population, businesses, institutions, I. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: An Eco-Metropolis in motion 7 initiated by the European Commission, is awarded non-profit associations, etc.) until the end of 2012, in recognition of the willingness and ability of a city with the aim of jointly producing a plan for the 1.1. A meaningful space 7 to curb and reduce its impact on the environment and Nantes metropolis by 2030. 1.1.1. Water, water everywhere 7 also to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. 1.1.2. A vision in green 7 1.1.3. Bipolar metropolis 7 In 2013, come and take part Nantes, which is located on the banks of the Loire, Institutional players, researchers, businesses, is the sixth largest city in France, with 600,000 1.2. Strong development 8 citizens, young people and many more from every inhabitants in its conurbation. Its proximity to the continent will come together in 2013 in Nantes to 1.2.1. Steady demographic growth 8 estuary lends the landscapes of the region their 1.2.2. Economic performance that benefits everyone 8 share experiences and exchange ideas on the green and blue hues. Quality of life in Nantes sustainable city. The focus will be on various embraces three dimensions: a living environment professional gatherings and events such as the 1.3. A shared project for an Eco-Metropolis 9 conducive to well-being, creativity and social cohesion. 1.3.1. A governed territory 9 World Green Roof Infrastructure Congress from 9 to 1.3.2. The Eco-Metropolis Project 10 11 September 2013 and the conference of the A committed metropolis International Association of Public Transport from This European distinction pays tribute to Nantes 10 to 12 March 2013. Métropole’s commitment to sustainable develop - II. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects 19 ment over many years. By meeting the twelve envi - People lie at the heart of sustainable development ronmental criteria scrutinised, Nantes stood out by and from 22 to 25 May 2013, Nantes will host the 2.1. Building the city around the water: the urban projects around the river 20 virtue of its innovative and collaborative public poli - 5th World Forum on Human Rights on the theme cies. Its strengths include mobility, Sustainable Sustainable Development – Human Rights: a com - 2.2. Protect, preserve and promote the estuary: the environmental projects 32 energy action plan, and policies relating to water mon struggle? and natural spaces, which are always conceived 2.3. Renew the economic dynamics of the river: economic projects 37 through a dynamic process of dialogue with citizens. From 25 to 27 September 2013, Nantes will be the first European city to play host to the Ecocity World 2.4. Transit options: transportation projects 38 Cities are the canvas for the solutions of tomorrow. Summit , initiated by the NGO Ecocity Builders. This Nantes Métropole demonstrates its commitment to summit is a major event where institutional 2.5. Explore and showcase the estuary: cultural, tourist and recreational projects 41 the sustainable economic development of the region players, researchers and companies come together by supporting and developing research programmes. to focus on designing the sustainable city. By It is also investing in the emergence of new sustaina - taking a spatial approach to the city (urban, natural Governance in the greater territory 45 ble economic fields such as marine bio-resources and and agricultural spaces, etc.) and through interac - marine renewable energy technologies. tions with the living world, this forum aims to develop Cartographic references 46 political, conceptual and educational tools in order Le Jeu à la Nantaise: Nantes’ approach involves to create the Ecocity of tomorrow. The 3 rd meeting of everybody in designing a sustainable city for all. Mexico City Pact signatories will be held in parallel. Dialogue with citizens informs structural public policies. In 2010, metropolitan elected representa -

1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .1 The Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis: building the city around the river

Nantes and Saint-Nazaire rose up on the banks of a are highly protected. So global warming is not the great river and at the edge of the ocean, which kept only issue driving the construction of an them apart before bringing them together. Eco-Metropolis. Preserving the biodiversity by a Throughout history, thanks to exchanges with the creating a huge park as part of the urban rest of the country and the world, they drew their landscape will also be a major challenge. energy from the river and ocean, which shaped their port, industrial, social and cultural personali - In Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, dealing with urban ties. They turned away from the river during the growth issues must go hand in hand with maintai - 20th century, sprawling into areas not occupied by ning world class port and industrial activities, parti - the water, developing new neighbourhoods and cipating in global logistics, enjoying a strong periphery areas with their backs to the river. They tourism and residential economy without suffering used the riverfront only for roads, factories, ship - the evils thereof, supporting sustainable agricul - building and port operations. Like many cities, they ture and local consumption, and combating had been carried away by the boom in the service geographic and social exclusion. The sustainable industry and the market for single family homes development battle is particularly complex in and cars. They had forgotten the original identity of this area. this area, with an estuary as its heart, an ocean as its head, and as its lungs 40,000 hectares of Yet there is hope for the two cities, as they return to marshlands and rivers, thriving hubs of biodiver - the basics of their early development. By going sity. Now, both cities have begun a major return to back to the source of their strength, which today is the water. And in doing so, they are building a com - being jeopardized by growth, they can effectively mon future as an Atlantic Metropolis. innovate, experiment and invent their new develop - ment paradigm. Nantes and Saint-Nazaire compri - The new development paradigm sed a major harbour and port of entry for the The population of this two-headed metropolitan English industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th area is expected to grow sharply in the coming centuries. And for the same geographical and decades, increasing from 800,000 to 900,000. The human reasons, they are slated to be a driving area is also one of Europe’s major environmental force in the environmental, economic and social hubs, where the fish food chain and migratory birds revolution in the 21st century.

1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .3 Quai François Mitterrand, Île de Nantes: live, work and study on the river The Saint-Nazaire Bridge: connecting the shores

Compact, open cities materials, the water cycle and the biopharmaceuti - sprawl are a priority, will be the second pillar in this The Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis will deve - The urban projects of the Ile de Nantes and Ville- cals of the future, without worrying about rivalry or new era of mobility of people and goods. lop its Urban Climate Plan based on all of these Port in Saint-Nazaire have set the tone. These two business interests. And going back to the most It will be connected to the rail system, creating the interrelated issues. most emblematic sites of the cities, the cradle of plentiful source of energy available here, water, keystone in the metropolitan public transportation their identities, once bustled with shipbuilding and researchers at the Ecole Centrale de Nantes are system that includes a variety of options including port activity; then came the great social uprisings, working on producing electricity from the tide and TGV high speed train, local trains, train + tram, WWII bombs and hasty reconstruction. Finally they submarine currents. buses, tramway, busway, express buses, carsha - Governance tailored to different scales became industrial wastelands, neglected and igno - Taking advantage of local assets and affinities ring and bike-sharing systems, etc. This is only The governance system must be able to experi - red. By successfully creating new economic and makes it easy to innovate on fertile ground. This is natural in a city where the first public transporta - ment with the strategy on all levels, on a small and cultural activities, by building thousands of new at the heart of the Creative Arts District project on tion line was developed, in the 19th century. The rail large scale, in emblematic or modest projects, with apartments, by weaving a new urban fabric from the Ile de Nantes. In this city where accessible cul - system that links the two main cities and connects institutional, public and private partners. the existing threads while creating new spaces, the ture is a way of life, with the Folle Journée, the them to the secondary urban centres must be put In this, the metropolis is the key player. The Ile de Nantes and Ville-Port are designing new Allumées Festival, the Lieu Unique, Royal de Luxe, to better use. Association Communautaire de l’Estuaire de la types of cities that are compact but open, and etc., and that has showcased so many remarkable Loire was a development agency formed in the vibrant in their diversity. A host of public and pri - artists, such as François Delarozière and his Giant 1980’s on a site rehabilitated by the central govern - vate development projects have followed in their Machines, the goal is to take things even further by ment that brought together local government, the wake, all along the estuary, some large, some making creative arts a new economic force for the Towards climate-sensitive housing port and local businesses. The Communauté small, but all with the same desire to make the city and the entire region. The Creative Arts District The improved relationship with the river and the Urbaine Nantes Métropole and the Communauté most of the Loire, economically and for the benefit will be housed on the site of the former shipyards variety of public transportation options reflect new d’Agglomération de la Région Nazairienne et de of the community, while still protecting the river. on the Ile de Nantes, and will bring together higher thinking on lifestyles and quality of housing. Here l’Estuaire (CARENE), the Syndicat Mixte du Schéma When you think about it, this method of re-building education in creative arts (architecture, fine arts, again, innovative solutions must be found. de Cohérence Territorial de Nantes Saint-Nazaire, the city with all its complexity and uncertainty, graphic arts, communications), the lifelong univer - Reconciling most people’s desire for single-family and the newly merged CCIs of Nantes and Saint- combining initiatives and creating new communi - sity, creative arts businesses, artists, project incu - detached homes with the urban density needed to Nazaire carried on the work. And the metropolitan ties out of constraints, is a reflection of what the bators, exhibit spaces and cultural outreach provide effective public transportation will be one conference created in 2005 examines all the Loire estuary and the Nantes Saint-Nazaire metro - centres. of the challenges of the future Eco-Metropolis. issues, shares expertise and insight, and works to politan area are: a mosaic, a network, and a cradle Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, which are cities with design the future. This is part of the often-praised of life and activities where people, cultures, and mid-level population density, are lucky in that so- Nantes Saint-Nazaire culture that favours coopera - water co-exist in harmony and large spaces are called “maisons de ville” or detached homes, are tion over confrontation. ready and waiting for a creative force. Logistics and Mobility: already prevalent in certain neighbourhoods. This In keeping with this development and governance a changing landscape detached home offering must be developed and strategy, a series of eco-city projects are under These networks, whether physical or human, need integrated with apartment buildings to combine way all along the Loire estuary, from Nantes to urban, economic, and of course, logistic centres. privacy and urban living on a vaster scale. Saint-Nazaire. Innovation on fertile ground When it comes to logistics, Nantes, Saint-Nazaire Housing quality will also depend on the develop - This method has already been used in other deve - and the river they share have a special role to play. ment of “climate-sensitive architecture” that goes lopment initiatives in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. The The sea highways, which will soon be stopping at beyond the planned construction of eco-districts competitive clusters EMC2, Génie Civil Écocons - the docks of Montoir, and the development of barge and HQE (high environmental quality) building stan - truction, Images & Réseaux and Atlantic transport between the two cities will ease pressure dards. Given the moderate temperature ranges and Biotherapies, where manufacturers, engineers and on the climate from road traffic. This will give the sunlight levels in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, it may researchers from Nantes and Saint-Nazaire are Nantes Saint-Nazaire Port Authority a great oppor - be possible to develop “climate-sensitive housing” highly invested, bring together large corporations tunity to drive overall performance for the area. The by making use of the urban composition and new and small enterprises, scientists and entrepre - Notre-Dame-des-Landes airport project, in which building processes, both in new projects and reno - neurs to work on cross-functional topics such as preserving the environment and controlling urban vations, in particular on post-war reconstructions.

4. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .5 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: An Eco-Metropolis in motion

1.1. A meaningful space 1.1.2. A vision in green The metropolitan area is built on a web of natural spaces, in addition to the water. 1.1.1. Water, water everywhere Despite steady urban development, the area still At the mouth of France’s largest river, Nantes Saint- has more than 80% natural spaces. Many of the Nazaire has a special place on the map of Europe, spectacular areas around the river are protected which explains the particular morphology of the under the Natura 2000 initiative that covers one- metropolitan area. It was the river system that dicta - quarter of the territory. ted the progressive urbanization of the area, both in the forming of the two major cities of Nantes and This natural biodiversity helps sustain the local Saint-Nazaire, as well as all the smaller communi - economic balance. Farms and vineyards alone ties. Though the main city is located upriver at the represent more than half the territory, and city and head of the estuary, the salt production territories, country life blend to increase the area’s appeal and the neighbouring marshes and the ports have quality of life. always been part of a common system of exchange due to their shared geography. The area has been lin - 1.1.3. Bipolar metropolis ked to the river and the ocean since the port of This green and blue setting is an integral compo - Nantes was created some 3000 years ago, demons - nent of the development of this bipolar metropolis, trating to what extent the city has developed in sync with Nantes and Saint-Nazaire as the two entry with its natural environment and the outside world. points. The estuary, some 60 kilometres long and 3 kilome - Each of the cities grew up based on its rapport with tres wide at its mouth, is a key component of the the Loire. Nantes is a city born from its port, and its river system. But there is water is everywhere, even history, with its glorious and less glorious periods, in inland areas. The 40,000 hectares of wet zones is closely tied to the river. Saint Nazaire, born from composed of marshes and grasslands, 20,000 hec - a government decision to create a large Atlantic tares of marshland in Grande Brière, the 4,000 hec - port in the mid 19th century, built itself on its own, tare Grand-lieu Lake, and the Erdre and Sèvre rivers, sometimes painfully, and often in opposition to major tributaries of the Loire, are all branches of the Nantes. The cities are linked by the estuary, which river system, creating a blue network crisscrossing has helped them reconcile their differences. the area. In addition to these two major cities where 90% of the area’s 800,000 inhabitants live, the secondary towns have gradually developed into a polycentric urban grid system.

6. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .7 Ville-Port, Saint-Nazaire: blending urban renewal and industrial activities The estuary, a mosaic linking nature, city (Paimboeuf) and business activities

diversifying its economic base, regenerating retail the Agence de Développement Durable de la Région 1.2. Strong development business and creating tourist and residential 1.3. A shared project Nazairienne (ADDRN), two urban development appeal. Today, the coastal areas are experiencing the most for an Eco-Metropolis agencies with authority throughout the greater ter - significant development. Amenities such as a good ritory, was approved in March 2007. climate, beautiful landscape, nature, and heritage In Nantes, the closure of the shipyards in 1987 signalled the end of an era that had been marked 1.3.1. A governed territory are plentiful in Nantes Saint-Nazaire. They generate In 2008, the Société d’Aménagement de la by the strength of its port and industrial activities. The balanced development of Nantes Saint-Nazaire strong appeal and drive growth that respects the Métropole Ouest Atlantique (SAMOA) was transfor - The city gradually undertook an urban, economic is not the product of a laisser-faire policy. The local natural, economic and social balance of the area. med into a Société Publique locale d’Aménagement and identity transformation. Traditionally a trading government has undertaken a robust project based (SPLA), with authority over the “river influence town, Nantes saw an opportunity to become part of on shared values. 1.2.1. Steady demographic growth zone”, giving the metropolis a development agency the knowledge society by investing in research and With 60,000 new inhabitants in 10 years, Nantes specifically for the estuary. the University. Cultural vitality and quality of life The governance of this large area has come a long Saint-Nazaire (population 780,000 in 2009) is are the driving forces behind its appeal, and it way, thanks in part to the cooperative values sha - experiencing strong demographic growth. All types of projects are considered from a solida - continues to develop metropolitan functions based red by France’s western cities. Nantes Saint- According to the estimates of the SCOT Territorial rity-based, metropolitan perspective. Public trans - on tertiary activities. Nazaire is sociologically homogeneous, historically Coherence Scheme, growth should continue, with moderate area where differences between urban portation projects include Métrocéane and the 100,000 new inhabitants by 2020. Nantes Saint-Nazaire rail link established in 1999; The region comprising Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, La and rural cultures are less pronounced that elsew - here and notions of solidarity are more anchored in cultural projects include Estuaire, a biannual Population growth is being driven by the appeal of Baule and the Guérande peninsula operates as a contemporary art festival created in 2007, and the closely integrated, complementary economic reality. The proximity to the river also generates a the urban areas of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, the mindset sensitive to values of interchange, bonds, Place Publique magazine; scientific cultural pro - 1 space, composed of a primarily public and tertiary appeal of the coast, and the appeal of the estuary , openness, creativity and change. jects include the GIP Loire Estuaire created in 2004; which together have created a dynamic Nantes / urban area (Nantes), a more productive area and economic projects include the gradual merger 4 Saint-Nazaire / Vannes 2 corridor. In Nantes, popula - (Saint-Nazaire) and a powerful tourist economy of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of (Guérande peninsula). This balance of production, Nantes Saint-Nazaire was designated “Metropolis tion growth is due almost exclusively to natural of Equilibrium” by the government in 1966, and in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire to be completed in 2010 change, whereas in the coastal towns, it is due to residential and public strengths is rare in France and the GIE Atlantic Events in charge of promoting 5 1989 the mayors of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, the migration 3. and generates an undeniable dynamic : employ - Nantes Saint-Nazaire La Baule as an international ment growth in the private sector, senior manage - local governments and local business representa - 8 event destination. ment jobs and private practice, public employment, tives joined together under the ACEL to support the 1.2.2. Economic performance tourist jobs and household jobs 6. The economic metropolis. As the notion of a metropolis took hold, “greater urban areas” were created, including the These are joint metropolitan projects. While the that benefits everyone equilibrium also explains the fact that the number SCOT was being drafted, numerous discussions and In the 1980s, the economy slumped and the area of people living in poverty dropped faster here than Urban Community of Nantes, and the CARENE conurbation in 2001. A single SCOT (Territorial debates were held with civil society and public experienced a change in image. In Saint-Nazaire, elsewhere between 1990 and 1999. agencies (government services, Chambers of there was a serious mono-industry crisis (shipbuil - Coherence Scheme) was formed after the munici - pal elections of 2001, as a key element of a shared Commerce, Port, GIP Loire Estuaire, Development ding), massive unemployment and population The dynamic development driven by the urban Councils, etc.). At the same time, the Metropolitan drain. The city decided to invest in a global develop - cities of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire benefits the strategy and a way to control urban development. The Joint Union of the SCOT, the first metropolitan Conference, an interterritorial forum for dialogue ment project that addressed all the economic, entire metropolitan area. All the cities in the metro - created in 1999, was relaunched by the Joint Union social and urban issues at once. Once a “black hole” politan area are posting growth in production jobs, institution, was formed for this purpose in 2003. The SCOT, created with the help of the Agence of the SCOT in 2005 as a forum for debating major for tourists heading to La Baule, Saint-Nazaire was private sector jobs and household income, often at issues and metropolitan projects, open to neigh - transformed by making the city an urban centre, faster rates than in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire 7. d’Urbanisme de la Région Nantaise (AURAN) and

1. According to INSEE Pays de la Loire Etudes n°74 January 2009 “the population increase was sharper in the estuary zone than in the coastal communes”. 5. Study of L. Davezies Les moteurs du développement de la métropole Nantes Saint-N azaire, April 2005, on behalf of the Metropolitan SCOT Joint Union. 2. INSEE Pays de la Loire Etudes n°74 January 2009: “Among the seven urban cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants in Pays de la Loire, demographic 6. Half of the 410,000 jobs in the metropolis involve activities relating to local demand of households. These jobs are not subject to global competition growth was strongest in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, +0.7% and +.06% per year between 1999 and 2006.” INSEE Première n° 1218 January 2009: “In the and are largely open to the least qualified workers. estuary, growth of more than 2 inhabitants per square kilometre per year along the Nantes Saint-Nazaire Vannes corridor.” 7. However, 93% of industrial jobs and 96% of tertiary jobs are concentrated in Nantes Metropole and the CARENE. 3. Migration in Saint-Nazaire is five times higher than the national rate. 8. ACEL: Association Communautaire de l’Estuaire de la Loire, formed in 1989 and composed of the Mayors of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, the presidents 4. In 1999, the number of industrial jobs is significantly higher in Nantes Metropole (37,000) than in the CARENE (13,000). of the Regional Council, the County Council, the CCI of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, the Port Autonome of Nantes Saint-Nazaire, and the Union Maritime de la Basse-Loire.

8. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .9 Nantes: largest city in the Eco-Metropolis Saint-Nazaire: rebuilding the city bouring territories and stakeholders from civil Space-saving This grid structure built around two central hubs Urban and economic development requires additio - society. At the 21 November 2008 meeting of the will create a metropolitan critical mass while nal reinforcement of this system for the entire area. Conference “Projects and Governances for an Eco- urban development: emphasizing communities and neighbourhoods. This means making better use of the 200 km of Metropolis” the conditions for a dialogue between a operational lines as well as extending the system, panel of informed residents and local elected offi - The bipolar Eco-Metropolis For each of these cities, and each on its own scale, to make sure all the cities are served by a variety of cials were defined, allowing the citizens to be even the goal is to create a dense city rather than a transport options. more involved in the process. These conferences, By 2020, the metropolitan area population will sprawling city, by finding areas for urban renewal, which have undeniably become the forum for have increased by 65,000 to 100,000. Faced with in particular near train stations, controlling urban Three actions are called for: governance of the metropolitan area, will be conti - urban development that has resulted in periurbani - extensions, slowing outward expansion of villages and keeping industrial zones compact. – developing rail links by adding additional trains to nued in a process set forth in the territorial project zation and artificialization of 470 hectares per year, existing lines (Nantes Saint-Nazaire, Nantes Eco-Metropolis 2030, organized similar to Inter- the metropolis has decided on a development pro - A non-specialized city where the primary urban Vertou) and developing new lines to serve the SCOT conferences, and will provide an opportunity ject that respects the local equilibrium and makes functions can be found, (living, working learning, future Notre-Dame-des-Landes airport and secon - to extend the dialog to all key members of civil efficient use of energy and space. consuming, etc.). Although Nantes and Saint- dary cities (tram-train Nantes / Châteaubriant) society, including, first and foremost, the citizens. Nazaire are naturally suited to provide large metro - – conserving unused rail lines (35 kilometres) to Metropolitan governance is part of a broader dia - It is based on strengthening the existing cities that politan functions, the secondary cities and towns eventually develop a new public transportation logue to be strengthened with the main cities in are linked together and preserving the large natu - must step up development, not only of housing but offering Western France. In this respect, the Loire-Brittany ral centre of the area. The SCOT protects three- also in terms of jobs, retail businesses and ser - – making train stations into multimodal transit metropolitan network (Brest, Rennes, Nantes, quarters of the metropolitan area from urban deve - vices in their city centres. Saint-Nazaire, Angers) is a forum conducive to lopment while allowing for the construction of at hubs that are the key elements of the new “train developing joint projects. The Nantes Rennes link is least 62,000 housing units, primarily concentrated A non-segregated city that can welcome diverse station districts.” a priority topic in this multilateral dialog. in existing urban renewal projects or controlled populations because of the variety of employment expansion. and housing options on offer as well as public In urban and secondary cities the public transpor - spaces available. In this respect, each of the 57 tation and green transit offering will be improved to 1.3.2. The Eco-Metropolis Project offer alternatives to the automobile. Urban development in existing cities communes of the SCOT will have to develop a social housing offering on its own scale. Nantes and Saint- Additional public transportation lines and improved This attractive, fast-growing and economically Nazaire have a target of 25% social housing in all of connections between urban and periurban sys - The Eco-Metropolis is based on an urban organiza - dynamic area must now find a way to ensure balan - their new projects. tems are being supported by Nantes and Saint- ced development that enhances quality of life, eco - tion built around the existing cities and connected Nazaire in their Urban Transportation Plan. This by the rail system. nomic development and environmental protection. Public Transportation includes developing the tram system in Nantes – The two large urban cities of Nantes and Saint- (connecting tramway lines 1 and 2 and adding a Over the past twenty years, Nantes Saint-Nazaire Public transportation is core feature of the Eco- Nazaire constitute the pillars of the Eco-Metropolis. Metropolis. Dense, compact cities must be accom - fifth tramway line) and creating a dedicated lane has created a broad governance system under 9 The project is based primarily on the ability of these bus line in Saint-Nazaire . These new services open which it can now announce a joint strategic deve - panied by the ability to easily travel to work, home two large cities to accommodate a large share of up new possibilities and opportunities for mobility lopment project: the Eco-Metropolis project. They and recreation activities. This means moving away the urban growth (87% of housing units). to all, in particular the most fragile citizens. In general outline of the project is set forth in the SCOT from cars towards development of public transpor - tation and soft mobility options. Nantes, the 4 lines of the tram system connect 5 of approved in 2007. – In addition to these two major urban centres, four the 7 neighbourhoods listed in the Urban Social secondary cities will be development priorities, The metropolis has a solid rail system. The main Cohesion Contract. This strategy is based on a careful assessment of namely Savenay, Nort-sur-Erdre, Saint-Etienne-de- Nantes Saint-Nazaire line is served by high speed Many policies and development projects also the territories’ strengths, including a bipolar struc - Montluc, and Treillères. encourage the use of soft mobility options (bicycle ture, a special relationship with water, a solid rail trains and regional trains, and is supported by a num - ber of recently reinforced local transportation options paths, carsharing and bike sharing services in system, a diversified economy that adapts well to – Between these secondary cities, the other towns (tram, tram-train, commuter trains in Nantes). Nantes, etc.) Finally, connections are provided change, dynamic periurban agriculture, a unique will be developed as local communities. among all transportation modes. governance system and a strong shared culture of innovation. 9. Responded to the call for projects “Transports Collectifs” of the MEDDAAT .

10. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .11 Canal de la Martinière: symbol of man’s relationship with the estuary The splendour of the hydraulic network of the estuary

Sustaining the green and blue space is an advantage that must be preserved. – Preserve green breaks and agricultural areas to Improve the water quality Food production is extremely important in a global prevent continuous urban zones between Nantes The nature restoration programs also help meet landscape: Nature at the heart context of shortage and providing local food and Saint-Nazaire, around the future Notre-Dames- the water quality improvement goal of the Eco- sources for a fast-growing population is essential. des-Landes airport, between the town centres of Metropolis, in addition to the major water treatment of the Eco-Metropolis Dynamic periurban farming (vineyards, vegetable the communes, between business districts and centres built in the 80’s and 90’s (Tougas and Petite farms, livestock) as well as marine farming (fish, along major thoroughfares. Californie treatment centres in Nantes). The Eco-Metropolis will create dense cities with an oysters) allows the Eco-Metropolis to be food inde - – In addition to protected agricultural spaces, deve - In Saint-Nazaire, the Sanitation Guideline calls for opti - excellent public transportation grid, providing a pendent. The increasing demand for local products lop forest spaces, in particular via the project for mization of the entire water treatment sector, with the balance between urbanization and protecting natu - holds out hope for developing short distance food creating three urban forests in Nantes. creation of two new wastewater treatment centres. ral spaces. By controlling urban development, the supply systems and organic farming, both of which metropolis will sustain the green landscape, which are important in light of rising transportation costs Qualify everyday spaces, Water quality improvement is a strategic goal for is a key element of the area’s personality and appeal. and the need to decrease greenhouse gas produc - this metropolis located at the mouth of the Loire tion. The metropolis will pay special attention to the promote nature within the city basin, which has a population of 10 million. accessibility of local products by supporting the The scenery of the Eco-Metropolis is not composed The issue of rainwater is key in improving water qua - Protecting local biodiversity distribution and consumption networks. only of remarkable agricultural and natural spaces. lity. Measures include setting up rainwater zoning and emblematic sites As a biodiversity reserve, agricultural space also The everyday natural and urban landscapes are studies and preventing soil impermeabilization. also part of the green framework of the metropolis The metropolis contains a number of spaces that plays a role in the green and blue framework of the and help create a balance between city and nature. are valuable from an ecological and scenic point of territory. The hedges and wooded areas must be pre - view, thanks to the 1500 kilometres of waterways served, in particular as ecological corridors. It is also It is especially important to ensure quality scenery and lakes that provide a natural habitat for wildlife. essential for produce and livestock farms to be able in heavily travelled areas, which is why Eco- The Brière marshes, the Grand-Lieu lake, and the to continue caring for protected natural spaces such Metropolis projects emphasize protecting land - Erdre and Sèvre rivers are natural spaces that will as the Loire meadows and the Brière. Agricultural scapes along major thoroughfares 11 , at entrances be protected under the sustainable development use of these sensitive zones will be favoured by faci - to cities and in business districts. policy of the Eco-Metropolis. litating extensive farming techniques. In the cities and towns, development should be the Of these natural spaces, the estuary is obviously Finally, dynamic farming activity is a way to fight urban reflection of wide open natural spaces. the first major site to tackle for the Eco-Metropolis. against urban sprawl. It is important to avoid spe - Bringing more nature into the city greatly improves These natural spaces are home to rare species culation on vacant farmland around built-up quality of life. And paradoxically, the city is a good (Estuary Angelica 10 , Corn Crake) and there are spaces, which would undermine the credibility of a place for preserving and exhibiting biodiversity. The concerted wildlife protection measures in place, in controlled urbanisation goal. Eco-Metropolis has acquired expertise in integra - particular the estuary, with the extension of the ting nature and biodiversity into the city through Natura 2000 site classification (22,000 hectares). Agriculture is one of the essential tools for the development of the metropolitan area. This is why major projects such as the Ile de Nantes, and GPV Protect agricultural spaces, the metropolitan project actively supports agricul - Malakoff (La Petite Amazonie Reserve). A series of operations to restore the valleys of the waterways as vectors of sustainable development ture by protecting the spaces specifically intended for agriculture via several actions: in Nantes Métropole have been initiated under the The metropolis is aware of the central role played Neptune programme, to allow these natural spaces by agricultural spaces (45% of the territory) in pre - – Designate long term agricultural production in the city to play their role as scenery, water purifi - serving the equilibrium of its territories and its zones and support their role as economic drivers. cation systems and recreation areas. identity. Agricultural space is considered a non- In the metropolis, at least 70,000 hectares will be renewable resource, and preserving it is a dynamic classified as long term agricultural zones. tool in the metropolis’s sustainable development strategy. The multifunctional nature of agricultural

10. The Loire estuary represent one third of the global population of this species. 11. The EPCI of the SCOT have signed partnership charters in which they commit to defining landscaping requirements for the integration of the major road system. 12. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .13 The Saint-Nazaire Shipyards: major industrial activity The Saint-Nazaire Port: Atlantic port of the entry to the Eco-Metropolis

Strengthen the appeal Continued development means combining econo - fight job discrimination by actively assisting job - will provide an opportunity for new development on mic excellence and the performance of local econo - seekers, or at least setting up specialized job land that is already developed. of Eco-Metropolis mies. This ambition is built around four major goals: assistance programs (MDE, PLIE and MLI); setting on a European scale up a Second Chance School. The new airport will be built in an environmentally – Strengthen the competitive clusters and centres – Find a balance between economic development, sound manner. The airport operator must comply of excellence in the estuary. Each of the major cen - employment and insertion, anticipate and accom - with government requirements in terms of High “There is no break. There are only two possibilities: tres of excellence is engaged in upgrade processes pany economic changes by promoting the initiative Environmental Quality construction, and the airport development or decline. There is no third option.” that will enable them to act as economic drivers: 6000 Skills for Industry in the Estuary 12 ; helping authority, along with the local government, has Bernard Boucault, Prefect of Loire Atlantique and The EMC2 competitive cluster for shipbuilding and develop emerging sectors in terms of occupations made a commitment to comply with the Grenelle Prefect of the Pays de la Loire Region, Metropolitan aeronautics; the Grand Port Maritime Nantes Saint- and employment; hosting a biannual conference Environmental Summit recommendations. This Conference, Quelle métropole voulons-nous ? , Nazaire for the port and energy sector; and the on Education, Training and Employment. includes conservation of the meadowlands, impact 10 June 2005. Health and Biotech cluster through its future study on plant and wildlife, agro-environmental – Support social innovation by supporting initia - University Hospital on the Ile de Nantes and the Cité management plan, air quality monitoring system, tives to improve the job environment (reducing This call to action is even more meaningful in the Sanitaire in Saint-Nazaire. and landscaping and traffic calming systems. The barriers to employment, Métrocéane area-wide current economic recession than it was in 2005. Territorial Coherence Scheme calls on the intercom - transit passes) and promoting new forms of work The past twenty years have seen a booming new – Develop new centres of excellence: The Eco- munalities to integrate the airport into the territory (flex time, telecommuting); sharing experiences in development phase, in which tertiarization, pro - Metropolis is planning to develop major new centres: and limit the urbanization of nearby rural areas by the field of social and solidarity economy. gress in higher education and the appeal of a coas - the logistics sector, with the future logistics platforms implementing the PEB 2050 Noise Exposure Plan, tal area have resulted in strong growth. The (Grand Blottereau, rail/river); tertiary excellence in preserving a green break between the conurbation Eco-Metropolis continues to pursue its economic the major urban projects in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, and the airport and keeping economic spaces ambition, supported by the dynamism of Nantes and tourism with the appeal of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Rethink the gateways within certain perimeters. The metropolis is suppor - and Saint-Nazaire, without limiting the develop - La Baule. On the Ile de Nantes, with the support of the to the Eco-Metropolis ting sustainable development and intermodal ment in these two major centres. Central Government, the CCI, the Region and the transportation by planning public transit service to University, a new creative arts district will become a The economic performance objectives will be achie - the centre of the conurbation and a high speed rail European centre for research, artistic creation, eco - ved by creating or upgrading major infrastructure line to Rennes. nomic performance and science outreach. and facilities: – a study is underway to expand the two main train – The strategic project of the Grand Port Maritime Supporting economic performance – Strengthen local and residential economies. stations in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire to double their Nantes Saint-Nazaire changes the port from public for the territories Household employment sectors, which help unskil - capacity; on a smaller scale, tertiary districts will port authority to a full partner in the territory and in led workers become socially integrated, are one of be created around the train stations in secondary the Eco-Metropolis project. In the medium term, Development must meet two goals, namely identify the pillars of the economic equilibrium in the metro - cities (urban planning studies in progress). this project will increase the Port’s capacity for economic drivers for development and implement polis. Densifying the secondary cities to provide the container traffic, with development occurring as far measures to spread this development throughout the market conditions needed for the development of – the planned transfer of the airport to Notre-Dame- downstream the estuary as possible, and will see greater territory. this type of employment, creating trade and service des-Landes is key to Nantes’ appeal and internatio - the Port of Nantes become a river port. business districts in the secondary cities and towns nal accessibility. The new airport is not intended to The economic structure of the metropolis has a rare and promoting tourism will ensure that develop - become a third urban centre to compete with equilibrium, balancing wealth creation through pro - ment occurs throughout the territory. Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. It will be part of the terri - duction, residential revenues and public revenues. torial development strategy for environmental and This equilibrium generates social and territorial – Work together to ensure employment for all. The scenic integration. The closure of the Nantes cohesion, which is the area’s primary strength for Nantes Métropole CARENE charter calls for a num - Atlantique airport will eliminate a major source of achieving equitable and sustainable development. ber of actions to promote employment: nuisance in the urban area. And the space freed up The European ambition of the Eco-Metropolis requires more than just this equilibrium, however. – Reduce inequality in terms of access to jobs and 12. Assistance from the Employment Centre in Nantes Métropole, the PLIE and MLI, development of services to accommodate new businesses and their employees, promotion of industry trades, etc.

14. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .15 The River at the heart of Nantes Quai F. Mitterrand: example of the quality of architecture and energy use on the Ile de Nantes

The pluriannual plan for energy, the urban transit plan Develop climate-sensitive housing Increase appeal through Stimulate the energy (extension of the transit system, car-sharing and bike- urban development sharing systems, 100,000 employees covered by The metropolis is lucky enough to enjoy 2000 performance of the hours of sunlight per year and a small temperature In a context of increasing competition among terri - company transit plans, etc.) and urban planning range, which together create favourable conditions tories, the appeal of the Eco-Metropolis plays out Eco-Metropolis orientations have already helped lower emissions. for climate-sensitive architecture. This has already on multiple levels. Top quality infrastructure facili - These plans seek to create a denser city, develop the One of the main sustainable development objec - been taken into account in HQE operations and eco- ties, wildlife corridors and quality of life are key public transit system and build more energy-efficient tives of the metropolis is decreasing energy district projects. The next step is to popularize “cli - attributes. buildings. consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This mate-sensitive housing” through several actions: means meeting the requirements of the Kyoto Nantes and Saint-Nazaire have made the innova - Improving the performance of residential and tertiary – Construction processes that include bioclimatic Protocol. tive decision to use urban quality as a way to buildings and using renewable energy represent components at a “moderate additional cost”; nearly 60% of the potential savings in CO2 emissions. increase appeal and promote development. This – Urban planning that optimizes “access to the sun”; To do this, the metropolis has decided to create strategy has been quite successful. Saint-Nazaire, Nantes Métropole has identified three actions: Develop compact urban areas to halt urban sprawl, provide – Rehabilitation of existing housing stock (housing a city in crisis 25 years ago, decided to use urban energy efficient buildings and neighbourhoods transit alternatives to private cars, and design the built during post-war reconstruction in Saint- quality to make the city more economically appea - (European Concerto Initiative); promote renewable layout of the Eco-Metropolis to improve energy per - Nazaire); ling and solve its social problems. Today, it is the energy sources (develop district heating systems, formance. central city in an area with a population of 200,000 solar power plants); conduct a study on how to reno - – The use of spaces such as balconies and loggias and attracts working people and investors. For the vate the heating systems in older buildings using to capture solar energy (Climate rehabilitation of The metropolis also plans to encourage the use of past 20 years, Nantes has made urban planning aerial infrared thermography on 2/3 of the territory the social housing stock in Saint-Nazaire by renewable energy by promoting it in Local Urban Plans the basis for development. Areas that were once and identifying the most energy-hungry buildings. Lacaton Vassal); In addition to these basic choices, the metropolis neglected and disaffected, like Madeleine-Champ Action will be taken not just by the local government, – Natural air conditioning thanks to moderate has undertaken strategic and operational projects. de Mars, Pré-Gauchet/Malakoff and Ile de Nantes, but in partnership with all stakeholders in the area. day/night temperature changes; are now undergoing urban renewal and increasing – The use of traditional construction materials whe - This has already inspired actions at the greater territo - the territory’s appeal. This strategy has stimulated never possible. renewal throughout the area, generating projects in A Global Strategic Tool: rial level, since the SCOT has decided to draw up a car - bon report for the metropolis, to assist the EPCI’s large cities and in smaller towns. Agenda 21 and Territorial Climate Plan To this end, the studies and tools developed by the (Public Establishments for Intercommunal CERMA, the research lab of the Nantes School of The Agenda 21 of Nantes Métropole, approved in 2006, Cooperation) in drafting their territorial and commu - By virtue of its strong political choices and ambi - Architecture, will be very valuable. tious projects, the territory has proven its ability to and the Territorial Climate Plan, adopted in 2007, are nity climate plans. the basis for an ambitious, territory-wide climate implement large scale urban projects thanks to its Moreover, the metropolis will promote ties with the policy that respects the Kyoto Protocol. Likewise, the Agenda 21 of Nantes Métropole and project structures and its ability to attracted top Civil Engineering and Eco-Construction cluster to the sustainable development charter of CARENE will level designers. help create a sustainable city through research and It targets decreasing emissions by a factor of 4 by promote similar commitments by the other EPCI’s innovation, which is a dynamic sector in the area. 2050, with a significant milestone in 2025 of reducing of the SCOT. Another major priority is culture and the arts, which Nantes Saint-Nazaire is the second region in CO2 emission by 1 million tonnes in the area 13 . All of are an important part of the area’s development France after Paris when it comes to potential for the public authorities are committed to pursuing this strategy. Culture helps foster a robust urban envi - education and research in civil engineering. ronment and also showcases the beauty of nature objective, keeping in mind potential CO2 savings per 14 in the Estuaire event. Culture helps boost the tou - sector . The first step is to limit the growth in green - rist appeal of the Eco-Metropolis. house gas emissions.

13. Reference: 1 January 2007: 2.6 million tonnes of CO2 emitted in the Nantes conurbation. Source: Plan Climat de Nantes Métropole, 26 Oct. 2007. 14. Breakdown of emissions per sector as of 1 January 2007: Industry: 19 % / Transportation: 29 % / Residential: 31 % / Tertiary: 21%. Source: Plan Climat de Nantes Métropole, 26 October 2007.

16. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 1. Nantes Saint-Nazaire : an Eco-Metropolis in motion .17 EuroNantes Tripode: Collect and naturally treat rainwater The Rehabilitated Warehouses: emblem of the cultural appeal of the metropolis

Build experimental spaces: Eco-districts

Compact cities and climate-sensitive architecture are two major concerns for the Eco-district projects selected under the MEEDAT call for bids: Bottière- Chênaie, Ile de Nantes-Prairie au-Duc, in Nantes, La Jaguère in Rezé, les Perrières in La Chapelle-sur- Erdre, La Vecquerie in Saint-Nazaire.

Since 2007, the Ile de Nantes-Prairie au Duc and La 2. The River: the focus Vecquerie projects have been participating in an initiative headed by the Pays de La Loire Region to industrialize construction processes for climate- of Nantes Saint-Nazaire sensitive housing. In these two projects, the social dimension (accessible to first time homebuyers) Eco-Metropolis projects was a priority. In La Vecquerie, the goal is to offer climate-sensitive housing at the same price as standard housing, by combining several factors such as construction systems, joint project owner - ship (public + private), and reduced rate VAT appli - The Eco-Metropolis defined by the SCOT is the fruit of lopment, transforming this vast natural space into cable in urban renovation (ANRU). a 20-year cooperation and sets forth the major gui - an exploited, damaged and polluted estuary. The delines for sustainable metropolitan development cities of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire gradually turned through 2030. away from the river. It promotes a new type of city: around a large green core, dense urban cities linked by a public transit The 1990’s saw a change in paradigm. The evolution network. of port activities, increasing environmental concerns and initiatives to reclaim the river in In this project, the river is an emblematic physical Nantes and Saint-Nazaire through two major urban and symbolic space that is the cornerstone and dri - projects affirm a common vision: the remarkable ver of the metropolitan ambition. As a remarkable space of the estuary is the main environmental natural space, the estuary is a main asset in the concern when it comes to the development of the emergence of this new type of city. city. Preserved from mass urbanization, it is an extraordinary reserve for the Eco-Metropolis project. For many years, the estuary was considered only as a waterway for transport between Nantes Saint- The challenge of climate change, so important in Nazaire and the sea, and for shipbuilding and indus - the 21st century, has compelled Nantes Saint- trial purposes. Nazaire to adopt an ambitious development stra - tegy based on the rich biodiversity of its estuary, a In this respect, the 20th century has been marked strategy tailored to the personality of this metropo - by a combination of massive industrialization, lis. The goal is to develop the advantages and sti - steady growth in port facilities resulting in artificia - mulate innovation in creating compact, lization of the river and unprecedented urban deve - well-designed cities that preserve natural spaces,

18. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .19 Saint-Nazaire harbour: focus of urban and economic development of the city Nantes, Bras de Pirmil: changes in industrial spaces on the riverfront provide a comprehensive public transit grid, ensure The Eco-Cities initiative is also a new way for the economic excellence, address climate change and estuary Eco-Metropolis to develop a global strategy Together they reflect a common model: a city sup - In the cities, the projects reflect the ambition of the include art and culture in the urban projects. of reclaiming the river 16 and, more generally, des - ported by compact, interconnected communities Eco-Metropolis in term of urban ecology: where the riverfront provides structure for the city igning a new city model that preserves the equili - – by reducing energy consumption through energy This development strategy will take shape through and prevents sprawl, protecting natural spaces brium between urban growth and natural spaces efficient processes in new constructions (up to a a series of projects that all focus on rediscovering from urban infringement. This city model makes and reduces the vulnerability to flooding. BBC [low energy rating] target for current projects), and integrating the river into the city: efficient use of space, energy and natural exemplary energy efficiency in new public buil - resources. – urban projects that provide structure to the com - dings and rehabilitating energy-hungry older buil - pact city and renew the desire to live and work dings; along the river’s edge; 2.1. Building the city To do this, each space in the dense urban fabric will – by promoting new sources of energy: district – environmental projects that enhance the appeal be gradually reclaimed. The industrial and port around the water: the urban 17 heating, solar or thermal power plants in the urban of the natural spaces of the estuary, including res - brownfield sites will be brought into the city: Ville- projects, power production facilities included in toration, protection and promotion of the river and Port in Saint-Nazaire; Ile de Nantes, Bas Chantenay projects around the river buildings, wind farms, generating green energy related natural spaces. in Nantes, brownfield sites in Indre and Couëron. The estuary has always been a strategic link bet - Neighbourhoods with large housing estates will and reducing the energy dependency of the Eco- – economic projects that use the river to support ween the two cities. But it has always been thought receive a new social and functional mix: Malakoff, Metropolis; economic excellence; of in terms of shipbuilding and port activities, and les Dervallières, and Bellevue in Nantes; Trignac, – by promoting reasonable management of water – transit projects on or around the river; not for housing or businesses. Today, development Ville-Ouest in Saint-Nazaire. Old neighbourhoods resources, limiting the development of networks, – cultural, tourist and recreational projects to projects are focusing on creating truly sustainable will be rehabilitated: Bouffay / Decré, Chantenay, using reclaimed water, alternative water treatment showcase the river and estuary and encourage “micro-cities” that encourage people to live and Madeleine Champ de Mars in Nantes, République- techniques (lagooning), reducing soil impermeabi - people to explore these areas.. work at the water’s edge (sea, estuary, the Brière, les-Ponts in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire city centre, lization (grass strips, porous soil, drainage Grand Lieu lake, the Erdre, the Sèvre, etc.). etc. Though certain major urban projects arising from trenches); the Rives de Loire 15 initiative in Nantes (Ile de This movement is already particularly apparent in These projects are first and foremost city projects. Nantes, “de la Gare à la Loire” project) and Saint- In all cases, the projects address the requirement Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. The two major urban pro - They do not create specialized enclaves, but gra - Nazaire (Ville-Port 3 and 4; Ville-Ouest; Ville-Gare) that cities built along the water must be designed jects – Ile de Nantes and Ville-Port – have a common dually reintegrate these neighbourhoods into the undeniably act as drivers for the area, other pro - to be compatible with an environment at risk for goal: bring disaffected areas back into the city cen - city. As part of the urban system, they are connec - 18 jects of lesser magnitude (in terms of population flooding . tre, by designing them to accommodate all uses ted by transit networks, both in the greater metro - and employment potential) actively participate in 19 and all users, though a sustainable development ini - politan area and within the cities themselves. – by reducing waste and promoting recycling at the ambition of the estuary Eco-Metropolis due to tiative. And the common identifier is the renewed the source, to cut the cost of outsourcing. their philosophy, their quality in terms of sustaina - rapport with the river in both cities. ble development and their focus of reclaiming the Together, these projects are building the urban fra - river. Based on the Ville-Port and the Ile de Nantes pro - mework of the Eco-Metropolis, in a city model that jects, a number of new projects are springing up aims for a new balance between city and nature, Together, these projects can build the new design of that reflect the dynamic of these two groundbrea - reducing its ecological footprint and its impact on the metropolis. The goal is to undertake a series of king initiatives. Likewise, many of the estuary com - climate change. projects that will come together as a whole. munes have undertaken urban development projects that focus on the river.

15. Undertaken following the Projet 2005 , a strategic document drafted by the Nantes Conurbation in 1995, the Rives de Loire project calls for the develop - 17. Closure of military sites in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire may also provide an opportunity for the development of urban projects in the city centre. ment of the 110 km of Loire Riverfront in Nantes Metropole. It aims to provide consistency among the existing development projects with a view to reclai - 18. On the downstream portion of the estuary, the Flood Prevention Plan is being written based on the Atlas of Flood Zones published in 2006. ming the river and revitalizing the territory. 19. In the Eco-Metropolis, the SCOT gives priority to local waste treatment, which requires the development of treatment facilities and new recycling indus - 16. Riverfront recapture was announced by Jean Marc Ayrault at the Metropolitan Conference 2008 as a priority project for the metropolis. At the same confe - tries near the production sites. rence, the President of the SCOT Joint Union also announced a call for projects “Reconquête de l’eau” that could be launched in autumn 2009 by the SCOT. This call for projects will involve not just development projects, but all projects seeking to recapture the river, including economic, tourist, educational, recreatio - nal, and cultural projects. These may be large operations or smaller projects. The call for projects will finance only the engineering of the projects.

20. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .21 Ile de Nantes, at the heart of the contemporary centre Saint-Nazaire: a gateway to the Ocean

gement and concerned with environmental issues. Hangar, a new arts, entertainment and nightlife – Social: creation of 350 private and social housing Two major projects Public spaces play a key role: developed streets, spot on the tip of the Ile. Thousands of people are units. 800 new residents. that are emblematic plazas, and riverfront areas offer new locations for rediscovering this part of the city along the banks One million visitors / Destination Portuaire in 2001. housing and businesses in a magnificent setting of the river, from the Quai François Mitterrand with of the riverfront recapture on the Loire riverfront and just across from the his - its new pedestrian and bike path all the way to the toric town centre. They support a certain type of western tip of the island. Ville-Port 2 (2002 / 2011) The estuary already has two major urban projects urban ecology that emphasizes: CARENE underway at either end of the estuary: Ville-Port in – reusing existing materials and footprints The operations Ville-Port 1 and 2, initiated in 1995, Currently in progress Saint-Nazaire and the Ile de Nantes. They are each – using green spaces and specially designed opened Saint-Nazaire up to its port once again (see Objectives: exemplary in terms of renewing the city rather than ponds to collect and naturally treat rainwater. appendix) and created a new city centre. A 20-hec - Continue the metamorphosis with 5 new goals: demolishing and rebuilding, with a focus on history – promoting the place of nature in the city to reveal tare brownfield site composed of a former subma - and the compact design that addresses today’s the area’s biodiversity (Estuary Angelica protection rine base was rehabilitated to create a full scale city – Become the heart of a conurbation with 250,000 lifestyles and promotes a social equilibrium. initiative). centre for 200,000 residents. Five cultural facili - residents; ties, a shopping centre, hotel restaurants, a cinema – Link the two main attractions of the city centre 1 In addition to requalifying or creating nearly 170 and 1,000 new housing units were all built. Urban (the shopping district and the port destination) in hectares of public space, the project also calls for architects Manuel de Sola Morales, Bernardo one central area running all the way to the harbour. The Ile de Nantes project (2000/2025) building 1,000,000 sq. m of new construction in Secchi, Bernard Reichen and Finn Geipel helped Create a sustainable city the Ile de Nantes area. make this bold operation a success. – Increase the appeal of the city centre by diversi - in the heart of the metropolis: Eventually, more than 7,500 additional housing fying its offering of shops and services, and 15,000 new residents, 15,000 new jobs, units are planned (550,000 sq. m) which will enhance the port destination with new cultural and Nantes Métropole increase the population by 15,000, effectively dou - 2 tourist activities; Currently in progress bling the current population of the Ile. New busi - – Continue bringing residents into the new port nesses (offices, retail shops, production facilities) Ville-Port 1 (1995 / 2001) neighbourhood by creating new housing and pro - The Ile de Nantes project is a huge urban renewal will be accommodated in more than 350,000 sq. m, Connect the city and the port with the submarine base moting the lifestyle and recreational opportunities project that aims to transform a diverse territory which will create 15,000 new jobs. The project also Rehabilitation of a 15-hectare brownfield site that come with living near the water; into a true heart of the conurbation by developing calls for building new public infrastructure facilities CARENE – Continue rehabilitating port brownfield sites. . all the functions of an urban centre, including qua - representing 100,000 sq. m. Completed lity housing, businesses, retail shops, public tran - Program: a cultural centre for the conurbation Objectives: sit, socio-cultural facilities and recreational To date more than 350,000 sq, m have been com - 4 new cultural facilities: – Reorient the city centre towards the port facilities. pleted or are under construction on the Ile. Nearly Agora 1901 (2006), the VIP and the LiFE (2007), – The submarine base is the primary link; 2,300 housing units have been built or are under the Grand Café, the Municipal Theatre (2011), Initiated in 2000, it has been underway since 2003 construction along the river, including 23% social – Rehabilitate the port site by bringing in a mix under the direction of the SAMOA, under a 20-year rent apartments, 22% affordable apartments and of urban, economic, tourist and arts functions. – A program of economic activities (2008): The Ruban Bleu, shopping centre and 3-star hotel public development agreement with Nantes 45% apartments available for individual purchase. Achievements: The emergence of a port neighbourhood Métropole. The Atelier de l’Ile de Nantes, headed by New economic activities are moving into the area, – Urban: urban renewal of 15 hectares; requalifica - – A program of 835 housing units, including Alexandre Chemetoff, has a long term assignment including biotech, media, research, education and tion of 30,000 sq. m of public space; rehabilitation 23% social rent apartments (2008/2011) as prime contractor. business services. In the last 5 years, the Ile de of the submarine base; renovation of brownfield – A program to requalify 60,000 sq. m Nantes has become a new central location Nantes. sites. of public spaces (2005/2008) Ile de Nantes is seen as an alternative to urban The transformation of the former shipyards site has – Economy: creation of the recreation, tourist and sprawl, aiming to create a compact city served by breathed new life into this formerly abandoned cultural destination (Escal’Atlantic, Cinéville, indus - This amounts to 29 public and private operations, public transit and promoting soft mobility options. area, with the creation of a large 13-hectare public trial tours, festivals). Creation of 200 jobs. of which 10 have been completed, one is under The transformation is gradual, respectful of the exis - park, the Machines de l’Ile exhibit, the rehabilitation construction and 6 are in the pre-operational study ting structures, attentive to natural resource mana - of the Warehouses, the creation of the Banana phase.

22. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .23 The Saint-Nazaire Bridge Ville-Port / Petit-Maroc: continue the dynamic of the urban project

But collective housing cannot be the only alterna - Designed during the post-war reconstruction A series of urban projects tive to periurban housing. One of the challenges is period to accommodate 100,000 residents, the 4 stemming from these two to reconcile the “desire for an individual house” city’s population never exceeded 70,000. Today, its Ville-Ouest Océanis with the minimum urban density required for eco - urban framework and public infrastructure are ANRU urban development operation in progress: spearhead projects nomical transportation modes. Many cities are oversized. 1,600 housing units rehabilitated, 600 demolished, trying to reinvent the “individual home in the city” 800 rebuilt. An eco-neighbourhood with 400 hou - Ile de Nantes and Ville-Port are key anchor points in concept, which is part of the architectural heritage Making the city part of the Eco-City initiative will sing units is under construction. In the end, there the drive to reclaim the river in the two principal in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. By combining indivi - help accelerate an urban dynamic that has proved will be 5,000 to 10,000 housing units near the conurbations. These two spearhead projects have dual homes with small apartment complexes and its worth and is today based on three major project beaches and the university. given rise to a series of urban projects that act as organizing them around protected collective areas. CARENE: preliminary studies underway drivers for the contemporary urban strategy, in spaces (blocks, cul-de-sacs), the two cities have terms of the relationship with the water and the succeeded in reconciling urban living and privacy. In the western part of the city, Saint-Nazaire has compact design of cities. The urban layout, in immediate proximity to the outstanding land available overlooking the estuary centre, is quite similar to benchmark eco-neigh - 3 and linking the sea to the Bois Joalland pond, which Compact urban design bourhoods such as Vaunan in Fribourg. By revisi - The project Ville-Port 3 is connected to the hydraulic system of La Brière. Nantes and Saint-Nazaire are cities of medium den - ting this model of townhome, we can offer credible 6,000 residents, 3,000 housing units This land is being used in three operations currently sity (5,000 to 7,000 resident per square kilometre alternatives to the periurban model of a individual CARENE underway: The construction of the Cité Sanitaire in the central areas), which makes it possible to detached home surrounded by a private garden. Pre-operational studies health centre, the renovation of a social housing dis - use soft mobility options and provide effective Finally, various experiments involving small condo - trict with 2,000 housing units (ANRU urban develop - Ville-Port is entering its third phase. The first two public transportation. In the Eco-Metropolis, the minium complexes that feel like private homes ment operation), and the construction of an phases transformed a port brownfield site isolated compact design will revolve around additional have been undertaken in Nantes and in Saint- experimental eco-neighbourhood, La Vecquerie. The by a submarine base into a vibrant cultural, retail urbanization along the river, renovation of the Nazaire. eco-neighbourhood (response to the MEEDAT call and residential neighbourhood that attracts people social housing stock, and reinvention of individual for projects) will be a pilot operation to support from all the nearby cities. homes and townhouses. The Eco-Metropolis takes a fine-tuned and non-dog - architectural, technical and societal innovations. matic approach to urban density that takes into The next phase, “Ville-Port 3” will extend the new The proximity to the river is the key selling point for account the desire for space and privacy traditio - The area will be multifunctional, with an average centre to accommodate a population of some offering more compact urban layouts. In the large nally provided by individual homes. density of 80 housing units per hectare on 6,000 residents. The available land will represent urban projects of note (Ile de Nantes, Ville-Port), the constructed parcels. It will be organized around a 40 hectares (reconversion of industrial and rail density per parcel is around 150 to 200 housing rapid urban transit system and a green framework spaces), linking the Ville-Port neighbourhood with units per hectare, which is not overwhelming. A connecting the sea to La Brière. the Villes-Gare tertiary district, the future economic significant portion of the land available was alloca - centre of the conurbation. The key to the project col - ted to public and green spaces. In Saint-Nazaire: lective housing. The proximity to the centre will jus - 5 The westernmost tify densities higher than 100 housing units per The social housing stock, which represents some Villes-Gare hectare, with orientations favourable to the use of 30% of the total housing stock both in Nantes and city in Eco-Metropolis 100,000 sq. m of offices + housing units renewable energies. Saint-Nazaire, is another possible way to increase CARENE density. The ANRU urban renovation operations Ville- Saint-Nazaire, the westernmost urban centre in the Preliminary studies metropolis, is a city with enormous potential. This Ouest in Saint-Nazaire (800 housing units rebuilt Saint-Nazaire is fortunate to have available land includes economic potential (dynamic industry, from 600 demolished) and Malakoff / Pré-Gauchet that can accommodate 100,000 sq. m of offices port, tertiary and residential sectors), demographic in Nantes (1,300 housing units built) demonstrate near a high-speed TGV train station on the edge of potential (the appeal of coastal living), urban, land that it is possible to increase density (which is often the La Brière Natural Park. The offices will have a use and environmental potential. quite low despite the presence of apartment blocks panoramic view of the port and the estuary. This and towers) while still improving urban quality.

24. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .25 Nantes, quai de la Fosse: extend the central corridor “De la Gare à la Loire” Malakoff / Pré-Gauchet: a major urban renewal projects supported by the ANRU urban renewal agency operation, created with urban architect Christian the major rail system serving the Eco-Metropolis. Devillers, is already underway (first phase of 5,000 Soft mobility lanes linking the main public places 7 8 sq. m delivered in 2009). The goal is to develop the and natural spaces will also be developed (Bicycle The Train Station, Euronantes The Malakoff – Pré Gauchet project neighbourhood at a pace of 5,000 sq. m per year. It Plan underway). Around a new train station, a business Re-open to the city and the river will be an example of integration in a space of high district in the city centre open to the river. 1,000 housing units rehabilitated environmental value, preserved under the Natura A train station to serve 20 million passengers, 1,300 new housing units 2000 plan. 80,000 sq. m of businesses, office space and Nantes Métropole // Currently in progress Plans also call for the renovation of the train station In Nantes: the river, at the services (new train station), 200,000 sq. m and the multimodal transport centre. Housing ope - of office space (Euronantes) On the banks of the Loire, Malakoff – Pré Gauchet is rations will also be initiated. heart of the contemporary Nantes Métropole // Currently in progress one of the key urban renewal operations in the metro - central corridor “de la Gare polis. The project is supported by the central govern - Horizon Certé in Trignac The Nantes train station currently serves 10 million ment under its national action in favour of urban ANRU urban development operation in progress: à la Loire” [from the train passengers. Today’s two-entrance layout is inade - renewal, headed by the ANRU. 216 housing units demolished, 620 new housing units quate for a train station that will be accommodating The requalification of Malakoff, a social housing dis - station to the Loire] twice that many people by 2030, according to cur - trict built during the 1970’s urbanization period, along In this neighbourhood of 278 social housing apart - rent estimates. with the creation on the Pré Gauchet site of a new real ments, cut off from the rest of the city by several In Nantes, the Ile de Nantes inaugurated an initia - estate complex (1,300 new housing units, 200,000 major roads and railway lines, an urban renewal tive to reclaim the river, and the population quickly The project to transform the train station will create sq. m of business space) has resulted in a 150-hec - plan calls for the demolition of most of the existing integrated the Quai F. Mitterrand, the Quai des a major transit centre open to the city and the river, tare diversified project including housing and busi - apartments and rehabilitation of the others, allo - Antilles, and the redeveloped shipyards site into and a major infrastructure for the Eco-Metropolis, ness facilities. wing for the construction of new energy efficient their everyday lives. The river is once again at the which is investing heavily in public transportation. housing on an industrial brownfield site (after heart of urban life in the city. The train station will be part of an urban corridor On this site, which was long isolated from the city by depollution pursuant to the Adème agreement) and between the chateau, the Saint Felix canal and the railway lines, the diversified operations, the quality on an undeveloped vacant site. This has reawakened the desire for more ways to Loire, and will no longer constitute an urban barrier. public space, and new links with the city centre to the recapture the riverfront, along both shores. The To the south of the train station, directly connected west and the Loire and Ile de Nantes to the south, have 6 Rives de Loire initiative undertaken by the Nantes to the historic centre, Euronantes will increase the created a genuine multifunctional city neighbourhood Post-war reconstruction renovated District in 1995, confirmed in 2001 upon the crea - ranking of the metropolis among the major open to all that is once again part of the city centre. A tion of the Urban Community, is becoming more European cities. Since 2007, Euronantes has provi - large portion of the area is devoted to nature and bio - 20,000 housing units to be rehabilitated and more concrete. Like the Ile de Nantes, the GPV ded investors, French and European businesses diversity, with the upgrade of the Petite Amazonie, a The Eco-City initiative will also provide an opportu - Malakoff / Pré-Gauchet / Euronantes projects with an ongoing supply of office space in the city remarkable natural space. nity to rehabilitate and renovate an area of post- reflect this ambition to rediscover the river. They centre, which will reach a total of 200,000 sq. m war reconstruction that has an interesting are the new phases in the foundation project “ de la when fully completed. With the redevelopment of This project also aims to reduce the digital divide. An architectural heritage (City Hall, Soucoupe) and an Gare à la Loire ”, which makes the former riverbed public spaces focusing on the water (St Felix Canal, experiment is underway here to equip the buildings urban layout that embraces the tenets of sustaina - the spinal column for a new urban central corridor. Loire, new Tripode pond) the Atlantic Business with high speed internet using power line communica - ble cities: average density, spacious blocks, wide Centre project is being built on an area covering the tion (PLC) technology. The goal for Nantes Métropole avenues, generous sunlight, pedestrian walkways. The ingredients for the contemporary centre Nouveau Malakoff, part of the Champ de Mars district is to provide low cost telephone and internet access Several initiatives have been launched, notably by include a series of projects that renew the rela - and the Tripode district on the Ile de Nantes. The (15 euros) in this socially marginalized neighbou - the City of Saint-Nazaire, to assist the thermal reha - tionship with the river, at the heart of the city. The Institut des Etudes Avancés (IEA), located on the site rhood. Rather than financing high speed fibre optic bilitation of these buildings. projects are linked by the public transit system of the former Saupin stadium on the north shore, and cable installation, Nantes Métropole, in partnership (Tramway, Busway, Navibus), which has been the Tripode operation, on the south shore, are the with the operator Effineo, decided to use the existing The project areas will be interconnected by dedica - developed to connect these dense neighbourhoods first projects in the riverfront recapture effort. power system. The services is now available in 1350 ted lane public transit connected to Métrocéane, around the river. apartments. Based on the results of the experiment, it may be extended to other neighbourhoods.

26. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .27 Feydeau, a former island at the heart of the project “de la Gare à la Lore” Bas Chantenay, Nantes, reclaiming an industrial suburb on the Loire riverfront Nantes Métropole is also implementing an energy Slavery Abolition Memorial, Quai de l’Aiguillon) and 10 11 efficiency project in Malakoff with the Effineo. The towards the Ile de Nantes by the Schoelcher pedes - principle is to use the network to transmit energy trian bridge. Le Bas Chantenay The Iles de Rezé data (water, electricity, temperature, etc.). This will Once the new University Hospital is built on the Ile Reconversion of an industrial Recapture the south riverfront enable residents and building managers to measure de Nantes, the 9 hectares currently occupied by site on the shores of the Loire 1,000 new housing units, and compare average consumption per household, the Hospital on the shores of the Loire could accom - 2,500 new housing units, 25,000 sq. m of business facilities and thereby regulate their energy consumption. If modate a series of operations completing the new 350,000 sq. m of businesses, and public infrastructure this project of using information and communication central area. retail shops, cultural programs Nantes Métropole / Pre-operational study phase technologies for sustainable development purposes City of Nantes / Preliminary studies proves effective, it may be extended to a number of On the southern shore of the river, the redevelopment other large housing estates in Nantes. 1 Bas Chantenay is an area historically linked to the project of the Iles de Rezé extends this series of urban river, located between the Butte Saint-Anne and the projects in Nantes. Near the river in an area made up of Ile de Nantess Loire. It is an industrial, working class neighbou - a number of connected islands, the project plans to 9 Continue this major project in rhood with remarkable features along the Loire and redevelop land primarily occupied by businesses and the south-western part of the island, extending up the Sainte-Anne promontory. It is one industrial brownfield sites into a shopping district. The Feydeau – Petite Hollande 5,000 new housing units, of the projects in the urban effort “de la Gare à la area features small pockets of housing typical of older The heart of the “de la Gare à la Loire” 150,000 sq. m of business facilities Loire” to recapture the city centre around river. Loire villages (Trentemoult, Basse-Ile, Haute-Ile). central corridor and city infrastructure Trentemoult also has a sailing marina on the Loire. Nantes Métropole Nantes Métropole / Study phase The City of Nantes has assigned the initial 62-hec - Currently in progress / Study phase tare project to Pierre Gautier, a Dutch urban archi - The first phase is currently underway on 30 hectares, The continuation of the Ile de Nantes project after tect. Opening onto the river, the planned project designated a Comprehensive Planning Area (ZAC) by To the west of the new train station there are a 2010 involves a number of major projects. These calls for strong integration of nature and city Nantes Métropole in 2007, in a project combining rene - series of vast public spaces around the Ile Feydeau, include developing the south-western part of the (recapturing the Loire riverfront, urban continuity wal of the shopping zone, construction of nearly 1000 cut off on the south by the railway lines and borde - island, moving the Nantes Etat train station (com - for soft mobility along the corniche, around the for - housing units, as well as 25,000 sq. m of new tertiary red on the north by the Chateau des Ducs de bined transport) to the Grand Blottereau, building mer Oblates Convent and Maurice Schwob Square). and retail space and new public infrastructure. Bretagne and the city centre. the University Hospital, possibly relocating the MIN Several projects are laying the foundation for a glo - wholesale market, and creating a new dedicated bal approach based on a balance between current The entire project covers nearly 150 hectares from the These spaces are former arms of the river, and can lane public transit line running from the train sta - and future uses in this neighbourhood: preserva - Pirmil Bridge to the timber port of Cheviré. This sou - constitute the heart of the new Nantes centre, tion and the Malakoff Pré-Gauchet district in the tion and new functions for the Armor plant, thern riverfront recapture operation will set an exam - which is strongly linked to the river and connected east to Chantenay in the west. This will require the Programmed Housing Improvement Operation in ple by creating a true city neighbourhood on the river, to the historic centre. active support of the central government. the Chantenay district. in an area in close proximity to the river that is subject These public spaces need to be requalified – this to flooding. has already been done on the south shore of the Ile The south-western part of the island presents the greatest potential for development, estimated at A new public transit offering (dedicated lane sys - de Feydeau – and a new urban layout that inte - Like Bas Chantenay on the north shore, this area could more than 300,000 sq. m. It is a genuine neighbou - tem, Navibus) would help connect this area to the grates diversified projects and generates new benefit from new public transit lines linking it to the rhood, strongly marked by its relationship to the dense urban centre. appeal for the city centre must be created. city centre. water (quai Wilson and quai des Antilles, on either At either end of the Ile Feydeau, the Neptune project side, and a large body of water in the middle). And – consisting of a large-scale operation combining beyond the visual appeal of the river, the area will housing, retail and offices – and the vacant space use water as a key element, both in the urban and of La Petite Hollande that may accommodate a architectural design and in the scheduling of the number of operations to the west – can provide the operations. The creation of the eco-neighbourhood opportunity to do just that. The central area will be on the site of the Prairie au Duc is the first brick in extended towards the sea by development projects the foundation. targeting former port quaysides (Quai de la Fosse,

28. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .29 Indre: Example of the rediscovery of the river Couëron, Tréfimétaux plant: discovering new usages on the Loire riverfront

Between the two Couëron has undertaken several projects to suc - The project will also promote the ecological diver - 12 cessfully accommodate new residents and revita - sity and scenery of the riverfront and develop qua - largest estuary cities, Indre lize the city centre. lity public spaces, such as community squares, efforts to recapture the Develop the Loire riverfront quaysides green spaces and soft mobility options, including Requalify the SOFERTI brownfield site The Rives de Loire initiative calls for the requalifica - the Allée de l’Erdre and the City Tour path, with heri - riverfront abound Nantes Métropole tion of the current artisan zone into a residential tage preservation and ecological management of Under construction / Preliminary studies zone. 200 housing units will be built, including 20% public spaces. social rent apartments. The program also calls for In addition to the projects in Nantes and Saint- On the riverfront, Indre is composed of several the development of quality public spaces along the Nazaire, the Loire riverfront is benefiting from a islands: Basse-Indre, the principal town; Haute- redeveloped riverfront, new retail shops, as well as number of environmentally sensitive housing and 15 Indre, mostly residential, with a fishing port; Indret, the rehabilitation of the Tréfimétaux brownfield business projects that feature top quality urban mostly industrial; Ile de la Motte, entirely natural. sties into cultural facilities (cultural space, media Bottière-Chénaie design and landscaping. library, community hall, Lead Tower). Like in Indre, Build an eco-neighbourhood Indre is part of the Rives de Loire program (1995) these projects near the river must address flood in the heart of Nantes Riverfront recapture is the focus of projects throu - that aims to revitalize the riverfront. A major project risk issues. 1,600 new housing units ghout the metropolitan area. to restore the quaysides of Basse-Indre and Haute- on 35 hectares of vacant fields in the city centre. Indre is underway. This includes redeveloping the The Ouest-Centre-Ville project uses a sustainable City of Nantes, currently in progress The reasons for this are three-fold: riverfront, enhancing the town’s relationship with urban development approach, with exemplary envi - – a general trend toward creating waterfronts in the river and the riverfront, and creating additional ronmental requirements. Located on a 70-hectare The goal is to house 3500 people in an area most European cities built on the water; pedestrian pathways. Work began in 2008 to site currently composed of scrub and grasslands, connected by two tramway stations. The housing – the biannual contemporary art event Estuaire create a primarily pedestrian esplanade that will the project will also provide housing, business will be compact and diverse (25% social rent apart - has helped many communes rediscover the river also accommodate cultural events, and to develop space and public infrastructure. ments and 50% cost controlled for first-time home - and has made them want to revitalize the river - ferry access, gardens and the farmers market. This buyers). It will also feature urban villas and small front. will extend the urban fabric from central Nantes complexes with interior patios. The operation will toward Couëron. – the projects in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire have 14 also rehabilitate nature in the city centre, by reope - encouraged other communes to develop similar ini - ning the Les Gohards stream, creating a new site Another project in direct relation to the river is the Erdre-Porterie tiatives. for family gardens, and implementing a natural requalification of 24 hectares of the Soferti plant, An eco-neighbourhood on the Erdre rainwater management system. Finally, the which closed in 2007. The goal is to develop a consis - 1,400 new housing units Many of the riverfront and estuary communes in Floresca-Guépin Media Library as well as other tent urban plan between Haute and Basse Indre. City of Nantes the metropolis are launching projects that place future cultural facilities are enhancing the centrali - Currently in progress the water and urban ecology at the heart of their zing effects of this new section of the city inside the development. ring road by attracting people from outside the In the eastern part of Nantes on the right bank of immediate area. 13 the Erdre, the 45-hectare Erdre-Porterie project has been initiated in 5 locations. This development pro - Couëron ject calls for the creation of an eco-neighbourhood. Rives de Loire initiative and rehabilitation There are plans for some 1,400 new housing units of the Tréfimétaux brownfield sites combining apartments for rent and for sale, with City of Couëron 25% social rent apartments, to accommodate Complete / Pre-operational studies 3,500 people in the coming years. There will also be This Loire riverfront commune enjoys a number of cultural and sports facilities, including a school natural sites (the Audubon Marshes, Beaulieu Lake expansion, a multisports gym, and the Hansel and and the Loire riverfront, redeveloped in 2003). Gretel day-care centre.

30. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .31 Le Pellerin: entrance to the Canal de la Martinière Protecting the estuary ecosystem

housing units and creating a new neighbourhood the major aims of the Eco-Metropolis project, for conducts is a decision making tool helping define a 16 around the train station (1,500 housing units, several reasons: global vision for recapturing the estuary (sedimen - Paimbœuf 12,000 sq. m of business space). Another focus is – environmental: The value of the estuary and the tary function to improve usages and ecology). recapturing the Erdre riverfront through urban Develop the Loire riverfront and quaysides related natural spaces is clear to everyone. It is a River restoration requires a number of actions: Create a fishing port and sailing marina renewal (500 housing units, 5,000 sq. m of busi - fragile environment. The restoration of estuary City of Paimbœuf / Preliminary studies ness space), preserving the wetlands and develo - function and recapture of the environments is one – Re-establish the sedimentary function of the ping tourism by expanding the sailing marina. By of the key objectives shared by the major stakehol - river. The estuary dynamic (saline intrusion, sludge Paimboeuf is a city at the heart of the estuary and for - 2025, this commune of 7,000 residents should see ders in the metropolitan area. Therefore, the resto - deposits, currents) has an impact on usages mer outer harbour of Nantes that has a rich marine its population increase by nearly 75%. ration and recapture work is the primary lever for (water, urban, port, farming) and ecological func - heritage. It is part of the Sud Estuaire community of promoting this remarkable space. tions. Estuary function will be re-established by giving more space to the river. The creation of mud - communes. The riverfront and other areas are enhan - – quality of life: Nantes Saint-Nazaire offers a flats will ease the flow and moderate the dynamic. ced by promenades and recreational areas. A global model of development where city and countryside It will also re-establish key ecological functions development project for the Loire riverfront and quay - intermingle, and the natural space around the associated with mudflats (nursery grounds, migra - sides is underway. This involves requalifying the estuary is a key component of this urban/nature tory bird habitat). public spaces, the existing city park and the accesses blend. It can represent a breathing space on a to the Loire riverfront (development of a pedestrian nearly unprecedented scale, as a huge park for the – Wet zone management must address a number of continuity along the Loire with requalification of the 2.2. Protect, preserve metropolis. issues: ecological recapture, extensive farming to quaysides and the main street and construction of a ensure ecological function, moderate development, floating dock), adding green spaces, landscaping and and promote the estuary: – farming economy: agricultural space is strongly promotion of areas that enhance quality of life. creating walking and biking paths (Loire à Vélo, Allées connected to the natural spaces of the estuary. The de la Loire, green space and pedestrian trail) and the environmental projects development of long term farming activity that res - Various projects are underway: transforming the old port into a vibrant and attractive pects the biodiversity and quality of the scenery central area. The Loire estuary is the natural heart of the Eco- must be supported by and above all contribute to – Preserve the Port Lavigne valley in partnership Metropolis, marked by the immense richness of its the promotion of nature. with the Port and the City of Bouguenais. The planned fishing port and 500-boat marina and the green and blue heritage, including exceptional but requalification of the lighthouse and jetty will expand fragile plant and wildlife. This green heart is one of The challenge today is to set the stage for discus - – Support the marshland unions in upgrade work the existing marina offering in the estuary in an envi - the singularities of the Nantes Saint-Nazaire bipo - sions among all the partners to achieve optimal (locks, estuary marshes). and balanced development of this area. ronmentally sound manner. lar metropolis, and greatly explains the appeal of – Set up an experimental system for remodelling this area that so perfectly blends city and nature. jetties to raise the waterline. As a temple of biodiversity, the estuary ecosystem 17 must become the driving force behind a new – Much of this work on the estuary and wetlands approach to development where protection and Restore the balance of the river has been conducted in Nantes Métropole under the Nort-sur-Erdre repair of nature are combined with creativity, inno - Neptune program, developed in 1994 to improve The train station and the Erdre riverfront vation and development. For the past ten years, the analyses conducted on the quality of water and related environments. at the heart of the city project the ecological quality of the estuary and the 2,000 new housing units The development of the city around the river is part damage due to the long exploitation of the river 17,000 sq. m of business space of an integrated approach to preserve and promote have led stakeholders to make restoration and natural sites. It is important to promote local pro - recapture of the estuary a priority in the develop - Located 25 kilometres north of the Nantes urban duction and new environmental management sys - ment project. In 1998, in the Plan Loire, the Prefect area, Nort-sur-Erdre has an ambitious urban project tems to stem the development of derelict of the Region and the President of the ACEL created based on the arrival in 2011 of Tram-Train service landscapes and confirm the place of this great a Measurements and Reports committee, which in that will connect it to central Nantes in 25 minutes. green lung within the metropolis. The preservation 2004 became the Loire Estuary Public Interest This projects calls for building more than 2,000 and promotion of the great natural space is one of Group. The observation and prospecting work it

32. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .33 400,000 hectares of wet zones in the Eco-Metropolis Nantes, Schœlcher pedestrian bridge: developing nature in the city 1 Preserving the river and natural Protect the natural spaces protection of endangered species, and improve - ment of domestic bee pollinating potential. Restoration of the estuary function spaces as part of the industrial that benefit the territory Under the territorialized agro-environmental mea - Stakeholders in the estuary have been working since port project and block urban sprawl sures (MAET), the perimeter selected is that of the 1990’s to development an estuary function res - Natura 2000, with a few extensions into nearby toration scenario that is more favourable in terms of The development policy of the Grand Port Maritime In addition to the estuary, the natural spaces zones. Priority actions include delayed mowing, environmental, economic, urban and social compo - de Nantes Saint-Nazaire calls for promoting the include marshlands, farmland and forest land. encouragement not to fertilize, extensive agricultu - nents. This involves creating mudflats to control tidal Loire in terms of its environmental, urban, social ral practices, and planting grassy strips along intrusion. Mudflats also help restore the estuary’s and logistical functions. The Eco-Metropolis project supports the mainte - waterways. major ecological function as nursery grounds for flat As an “Eco-Port”, its commitment to the Donges Est nance of these spaces through committed projects fish and migratory bird habitat. The scenario also project includes: that promote their biodiversity. includes re-establishing the riverbed morphology, to – Restoration of natural spaces (creation of mud - 4 respond to changes in the Nantes port. flats) under the Plan Loire, as well as reclamation of 3 Create urban forests the Donges Est site. In its sustainable development charter, Nantes This pilot operation to open 100 hectares of mudflats – Global plan for environmental safeguard and res - Ensure long term Métropole calls for integrating nature in the city with on the right shore of the estuary near Lavau is part toration: 1600 hectares to the east of Donges Est periurban agriculture a green and blue grid that is now promoted at a of the Plan Loire 2007-2013. This first phase in the placed under the management of the Conservatoire The vision of a compact city is accompanied by a national level. Since 2005, the creation of urban restoration will validate the principle and confirm the du Littoral coastal conservancy. robust green grid that plays an economic, ecologi - forests has been a priority, with the following aims: feasibility of the project. cal and social role. – figure out how to deal with former crop fields and An Estuary Scientific Council was created to help pre - maintain a green belt around the metropolis serve the estuary and ensure that environmental 2 Since 2000, when a partnership protocol was – protect certain plant and wildlife areas from deve - issues are addressed in port development projects. Restoration of estuary marshes implemented between Nantes Métropole and the lopment Chamber of Agriculture, the partners have been As a coastal plain estuary, the Loire estuary fea - – use urban forests to trap carbon dioxide, to help Generally speaking, industrial hazard prevention committed to promoting farming through a series tures a complex wetland area. These primarily agri - achieve Nantes Métropole’s target of reducing emis - and management (in particular estuary pollution) of land measures, support for farms and develop - cultural areas are composed of marshes with a sions four-fold by 2050. must be addressed in a concerted fashion by all the ment of natural periurban zones. dense hydraulic network that permits exchanges stakeholders (manufacturers, local government, – create a new type of public recreation area near with the Loire. Hydraulic management is essential central government). The SCOT of the metropolis extended these mea - urban zones for future generations. for maintaining the ecological functions of these sures, with the goal of ensuring at least a 20-year wetlands. However, difficulties are increasing due outlook for 70,000 hectares of agricultural space. Three important sites, located over 9 communes, to aging structures, ineffective management sys - It identifies areas of major concern to be designated have been studied and reserved for a net creation of tems, stricter environmental regulations, etc. long term agricultural spaces. There are also a num - 900 hectares of forest, adding to a global volume of ber of initiatives for maintaining and developing 1,500 hectares. These projects are located in the Today, estuary stakeholders are committed to sup - agricultural infrastructure (farm buildings, etc.). north west beyond the Parc de la Chézine, in the porting ecologically-friendly practices for hydraulic south west between the Loire and the Grand-Lieu management and extensive agricultural of the wet - Actions also include setting up land protection peri - Lake, and in the south east around the Ilette spring, lands. The Plan Loire Grandeur Nature 2007-2013 meters (PAEN) initiated by the Loire Atlantique a tributary of the Sèvre. Since 2007, 20 hectares of calls for upgrading structures, using ecological County Council to prevent farmland purchases for forest have been planted per year. management practices and implementing a pro - speculative purposes. gram for restoring and maintaining the hydraulic network. Finally, there are agro-environmental measures (MAE) initiated by the central government to pro - mote innovative, environmentally-friendly agricul - tural practices, including organic farming,

34. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .35 The Estuary: cradle of biodiversity Grand Port Maritime Nantes Saint-Nazaire: develop container traffic

in an area with a high concentration of Angelica. The – Upgrade the Montoir multimodal platform and 5 experience on preserving Estuary Angelica will be 2.3. Renew the economic create synergies with inland multimodal platforms Preserve and promote written up and shared in a guide. connected by efficient road systems. the biodiversity of the estuary dynamics of the river: – Create a European scale container terminal ups - 85% of the natural spaces in the Eco-Metropolis are economic projects tream of Montoir and a Ro-Ro terminal. home to extraordinary plant and wildlife species. 6 In particular, the green spaces directly connected to Brière Estuary Corridor – Potentially relocate the current Ro-Ro terminal to the river network host a unique biodiversity that is The Brivet and the Canal du Priory are fragile ecolo - 1 2 the Méan mudflat site to help develop the maritime part of the ecological balance of the estuary ecosys - gical corridors that connect the estuary to the traffic of the Airbus plants. This project should set tem. Preservation of this biodiversity is a key aim of Brière Marsh. In partnership with the Grand Port Economic projects forth the conditions for integrating the terminal in a the Eco-Metropolis project, which seeks to reconcile Maritime de Nantes Saint-Nazaire, initiatives must related to the development strategy of space protected under Natura 2000. environmental protection and urban development. be taken to restore, promote and maintain the bio - the Grand Port Maritime Nantes Saint-Nazaire: – Potentially create a logistics platform connected diversity in the ecological corridors protected by Formerly the only stakeholder of the Loire estuary, to the railway system (Savenay, Donges). By 2014, Nantes will have created a “biodiversity the Sector Scheme of the Carene. In the longer term, the Port de Nantes Saint-Nazaire is now a special pathway”, or ecological corridor running west to east the nearby industrial brownfield sites of Forges de partner in implementing a strategic, share vision of through the city along the Loire, connecting public Trignac may also be rehabilitated. the estuary. 3 parks and natural spaces, including Parc des The Grand Port Maritime de Nantes Saint-Nazaire is New sectors Oblates, Square Maurice Schwob, Berges de Loire, transitioning from “port zone” status to “full stake - for economic development based Jardin des Plantes, Petite Amazonie (Natura 2000 site holder” status in the economic, eco-compatible, 7 on renewable energy in the city centre, unique in France), Grand Blottereau social and societal performance of the territory. Park, and Prairie de Mauves (Natura 2000 site). The Camp de la Torpille – Create renewable energy sites (Loire-Atlantique The project, designed by landscape engineer Gilles New uses and facilities must be found for this Its strategic project entails a two-fold challenge: County Council wind farm, biomass and biofuels in Clément on the section Jardin des Plantes/Grand vacant former military camp, located in the centre – upstream: Change the Port of Nantes into a river Montoir) Blottereau/Prairie de Mauves, will be supported by of the green break between Saint-Nazaire and port optimizing urban multimodal connections the Botanical Gardens of Nantes, one of the five most Pornichet, near the Lande de Cavaro woods and – Potentially develop an “environment / renewable – downstream: Move facilities closer to the ocean 20 21 famous botanical gardens in France for the quality of less than 100 metres from the ocean. Innovative energy” science park and a solar power plant on and improve container traffic conditions. its scientific experiments. management methods will be implemented to 100 hectares at the Le Carnet site. This biodiversity pathway linking a number of sites ensure success. The aim is to retain its status as largest port on the – Develop the “Microalgae Valley” In the field of in the urban ecosystem may eventually be extended French Atlantic coast by strengthening its ties to microalgae, the estuary has an emerging cluster of to the greater metropolitan area. In this respect, the the world and organizing its hinterland connec - research laboratories (Ifremer, CNRC, École des Loire has reclaimed its function as a natural vehicle tions. Mines) and businesses. Microalgae can be used to for people and plants. develop biofuels and absorb and recycle carbon – Maritime highways to the Iberian Peninsula. The dioxide. The Eco-Metropolis can use the experience acquired Port de Nantes Saint-Nazaire must become the during the Estuary Angelica preservation program in Atlantic port of entry for the maritime highways. Nantes Métropole. In 2004, with the support of the The first phase is the maritime highway to Vigo and National Botanical Conservatory of Brest and the Gijón, to be followed by the development of routes Botanical Gardens of Nantes, Nantes Métropole drew to Bilbao or Santander. up a conservation plan to preserve and protect the – Use waterways to transport freight via barges, habitat of Estuary Angelica during any development with a possible connection with the Grand projects located nearby. Blottereau multimodal platform.

In Nantes, the Ile de Nantes urban renewal project 20. Centre for testing, production, services and logistics support to industries involved in energy from the sea, in particular. was a test ground for developing a working method 21. Under the State plan “Une Centrale par Region en 2011” Nantes Metropole is building an 1800 sq. m solar power plant on the roof of the Beaulieu shop - ping centre. Delivery: April 2009

36. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .37 Saint-Félix marina, Nantes: at the heart of the EuroNantes business district Nantes, the Busway: new type of dedicated lane transit

Business districts on the water well as through the Donges refinery. The Eco- tramway and busway lines, as well as to the rail 2.4. Transit options: Metropolis 22 and the central government 23 are both system (at the Nantes train station) and the tram- fully committed to improving safety conditions. train project on the Ile de Nantes. – Villes-Gare will be the first high speed rail busi - transportation projects ness district overlooking a natural park, the Brière Waterways are an option with significant potential Offshoots of the main rail line, including the In Saint-Nazaire, a dedicated lane bus project is Natural Park. It will accommodate 12,000 sq. m of for transporting people and goods throughout the TER regional train system and the Nantes- under construction (response to the call for pro - office space by 2011, with a target of 100,000 sq. m. greater metropolitan area, with minor environmen - Châteaubriant tram-train line, will ensure connec - jects of the MEEDAT). The bus line will be connected tal impact. tions between the cities of the metropolis. via a Multimodal Exchange Centre (underway) to – Euronantes , a business district on both sides of the Métrocéane system. It will offer quality service the Loire, is part of the train station, Pré-Gauchet / The metropolis must provide easy access and The train station requalification projects are key in on a par with Nantes and will connect the main Malakoff and Ile de Nantes renewal projects. public transportation between the cities via ambi - providing multimodal transit opportunities and development projects in central Saint-Nazaire. Euronantes aims to be a business district with tious transit projects that emphasize intermodal ensuring that public transit is an attractive option. 200,000 sq. m of world class office space by 2025, options. With this in mind, creating compact urban The new train station projects in Nantes and Saint- For the longer term, the possibility of reactivating thereby bringing the Malakoff neighbourhood back centres such as Nantes Saint-Nazaire and secon - Nazaire are being designed with this in mind. the former rail system in Saint-Nazaire using the into the historical town centre and improving its dary cities encourages the design of a city with Tram Train mode is currently being studied. This standing. (Malakoff is a large, disadvantaged competitive public transportation service. system could link to the future Notre Dame des urban district). Landes airport. It is important to improve the capa - 2 cities of the metropolitan rail system to develop – On a more modest scale, the « Plein Sud » project Improve the public efficient interurban and periurban rail links (expected completion 2009) in Saint-Herblain transit offering In the two major urban centres: (Nantes/Rennes, Nantes/Angers) as well as rail (Cormerais site) is a high environmental quality Ambitious public transit projects freight. business district on the Loire riverfront. As a continuation of the rail lines, the ongoing pro - 1 jects for new dedicated lane public transit lines in the two largest cities will provide even greater In the metropolitan area: coverage. Use the experience of Métrocéane to develop an efficient multimodal offering Nantes Métropole plans to develop new bus or tram lines to serve the areas with the greatest density. Since 1999, Métrocéane has provided an integra - ted fare option on the Nantes Saint-Nazaire Le This includes a project for a new tram line in the city Croisic line, combining the different public transit centre to provide more service to the south and to options. As the estuary rail line, Métrocéane could connect many areas where renewal projects are become more competitive by improving the quality currently underway. This line would run from Pré- of service, including upgrades to rolling stock, bet - Gauchet / Malakoff to the Ile de Nantes, serving the ter fare options, improved frequency and connec - key areas of the urban project “De la Gare à la tions, RFID transit cards, and extended service. Loire”: the new train station, Euronantes / Tripode, Beaulieu, the new University Hospital, Shipyards Improving passenger safety is a crucial issue on Park, the Quai de la Fosse and the Quai de this line that runs through the Chantenay tunnel, l’Aiguillon. This line would be part of an efficient where freight and hazardous materials transit, as intermodal system with connections to the existing

22. The SCOT of the Metropolis has ordered a study on relocating the rail line. 23. A study on the Technological Risk Prevention Plan (PPRT) is underway.

38. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .39 Nantes, Navibus: public transit on the water Buren’s Rings , a permanent art installation from the Estuaire 2007

Develop alternatives Connecting the shores 5 The effect of the cultural to road transport for goods Improve river crossings events Estuaire and 4 Now that the last Nantes – Lyon motorway section Rencontres du Fleuve 3 Develop ferries and river shuttles has been completed, Nantes is served by a good quality motorway system and needs no new major Waterways like the Loire, the Erdre and the Sèvre Cultural events undeniably help promote urban pro - Use the river to transport goods highways to speak of. can provide public transit opportunities, not just as jects in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. Promotion of the The Loire presents a potential new method of trans - a way to discover the rivers, but as a true transpor - arts is a key element throughout the Eco- porting goods to ease traffic on road and rail infra - However, within the metropolis, it is important to tation mode, especially as a way to cross the Loire Metropolis in urban projects, as well as in tourism structures. Now is the time to develop river barging, improve the river crossing options. Nine out of ten and to serve the new neighbourhoods along the and recreation projects. as part of the strategic project of the Grand Port Loire crossings in the Loire-Atlantique department riverfront. Maritime Nantes Saint-Nazaire. are done in the Nantes conurbation. The first Estuaire event in 2007, during which some The possibilities are numerous. Studies are under - 30 temporary or permanent works by international The first experiment will be a river link between the By building new bridges inside the Nantes ring way by the Loire-Atlantique County Council to define artists were installed in Nantes, Saint-Nazaire and Montoir terminal and the Cheviré terminal near road, Nantes Métropole will ease traffic on the large the feasibility of a ferry service between Saint- along the riverfront, enabled local residents to dis - Nantes, using a 70-metre barge with a 2.5 m draft bridges on the periphery of Nantes. Nazaire and Saint-Brévin by 2011. A Paimbœuf- cover the estuary in a whole new light. that can transport 70 containers. Donges crossing is another possibility. Estuaire and the biannual travelling exhibit Les This barge traffic could tie in to the Grand In Nantes, the Loire Navibus between Trentemoult Rencontres du Fleuve , sponsored since 2006 by Blottereau multimodal platform, providing ambi - and the Gare Maritime in Nantes is another solution the Loire-Atlantique County Council, showcased the tious rail – road – port prospects that would ease 2.5. Explore and for crossing the Loire, serving nearly 400,000 pas - estuary and revealed its potential as a cultural, tou - freight traffic in the rail tunnel. sengers per year since 2005. Another crossing may showcase the estuary: rist and recreational resource. These events were a be added to serve the western tip of the Ile de driving force behind projects for new recreational A number of river logistics platforms may develop Nantes (Banana Hangar). cultural, tourist and facilities on the estuary. all along the estuary from the downstream port upstream to Nantes, and perhaps in time all the Nantes Métropole is currently conducting feasibility recreational projects way to Angers. These platforms would be served by studies on a number of crossings Le Pellerin/ barges capable of navigating on the estuary and Couëron/ Indre/ Nantes that would use the Loire as The estuary, located between the two large cities in the river. a new public transit option linking the cities along the metropolis, is ideal for developing uses related the river. to leisure activities. It can be considered a “local exotic destination”.

Metropolitan stakeholders are inventing ways to encourage discovery (cruises, hikes, and indus - trial, urban and nature tours), promoting local pro - duction and reclaiming abandoned spaces. These activities obviously comply with the current and future estuary protection program.

40. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .41 Paimbœuf, “Starry Garden” by Kinya Maruyama, Estuaire 2007 : new ways to discover the estuary Le Pellerin: explore the Loire riverfront on bikes

Cultural, tourist and – Saint-Julien-de-Concelles : pre-emption and 3 The Pedestrian Continuity acquisition by the County Council of the Ile de la recreational projects Master Plan in Nantes Métropole Chênaie. Promote recreational 60% of the territory of the conurbation is occupied use of the river by natural spaces, and there are 150 km of water - 1 It is important for the local residents (and tourists) ways. Pedestrian continuities along the waterways 2 to rediscover the joys of playing in and on the river. are a unique way to bring the residents into close Discover the river Create cultural and This is achieved by building docks and water contact with a rich but fragile natural environment. The estuary is largely unknown to the general public. recreation areas. Nantes Métropole continues to develop public wal - educational sites on the estuary king paths under its Pedestrian Continuity Master It is difficult to access, and the shores are used – Cordemais : creation of a shipyard near the The estuary is largely unknown to the general Plan “Au Fil de l’Eau”, with a target of 350 km in all. mainly for industry, port activities and farming. Estuaria interpretive centre. public. It is difficult to access, and the shores are Nearly 250 km of pathways have been developed in It is important to rediscover the river. This includes used mainly for industry, port activities and – Lavau-sur-Loire : development of a recreation conjunction with projects to promote rare natural requalifying the quaysides, creating public spaces, farming. area at “Le Trou Bleu”; swimming areas in former spaces (Ile Forget, La Caillière spring). providing good views and building nature discovery quarries, par course, campground. In addition to walking trails and recreational areas, areas. – Frossay : development of the watersports facility. Loire à Vélo / Vélocéan: there are educational projects designed to help – Mauves-sur-Loire : creation of a dock to accom - a continuous bike path Access to the Loire people discover the biodiversity and fragility of the estuary. modate cruise boats on the Loire. And the develop - from the river to the sea – Mauves-sur-Loire : requalification of the quaysides / ment of Ile Ripoche into a recreational space to The last section in the Loire à Vélo project, the 100 Ile Ripoche development project / La Droitière The primary project is the creation of a Loire estuary attract tourists. km bike path along the Loire between Nantes and (hotel and conference centre) interpretive centre in Cordemais (ESTUARIA), sche - – Saint-Julien-de-Concelles : development of a dock, Saint-Nazaire climbs gently upward toward the – Lavau-sur-Loire : creation of a walkway (for duled for the 3rd edition of the Estuaire event in La Chebuette boat ramp, fine dining. mouth of the estuary, providing beautiful views of Estuaire 2009 ) from the Tadashi Kawamata 2011. ESTUARIA will be built using high environmen - nature, heritage, and art as well, with the Estuaire Observatory ( Estuaire 2007 ), with its incredible tal quality construction techniques, and will be a arts discovery trail. view of the estuary, to the village centre. showcase for the estuary to help develop tourism in 4 the area. It will be designed for the metropolitan The paths have been operational on both shores – Cordemais : creation of the belvedere in the shape Provide continuous trails population, in particular families and school groups. since 2005, and it is possible to cross the river by of a boat prow to provide an unobstructed view of for discovering the river The association Estuarium, which has been working ferry in Indre and Le Pellerin. the Loire, with an orientation table identifying the since 1994 on a research and initiative program It is important to provide soft mobility options such points of interest. supported by the central government, will be in as biking and walking paths to link the educational On the south shore, the last 40 km complete the – La Montagne : development of public spaces in charge of managing the interpretive centre. and cultural projects on the estuary, thereby 800 km Loire à Vélo trail, bringing it to the ocean. the village centre and creation of vista points over - encouraging people to (re)discover the river. To the north of the estuary, the Vélocéan trail conti - looking the Loire valley. Other actions, such as the renovation and conver - nues on for over 100 km on small roads and trails sion of the Rohars Chapel into an exhibit space perfect for family bike rides along the coast. Development of nature discovery in Bouée, are also part of the estuary outreach zones in the estuary initiative. – Frossay : creation of a plant and wildlife disco - very zone (Conservatoire du Littoral project) in conjunction with the Le Massereau bird sanctuary. – Corsept : the estuary project includes: three tradi - tional fisheries / bird watching site / observatory of industrial sites and group fishing activities.

42. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river 2. The River: the focus of Nantes Saint-Nazaire Eco-Metropolis projects .43 Governance in the greater territory

An open territory Two-level project leadership

In the past twenty years a progressive governance The project was defined as part of a group project system has been set up based on informal initia - bringing together Nantes Métropole, Urban Planning tives and projects (Association Communautaire de Agencies in Nantes (AURAN) and Saint Nazaire, L’estuaire de la Loire, Conférence Métropolitaine, (ADDRN) the Public Interest Group Loire Estuaire, the Estuaire), as well as institutions (Intercom- Joint Union of the Nantes Saint-Nazaire SCOT and the munalities, SCOT joint union, Chambers of SAMOA, coordinator of the candidacy. Commerce and Industry in Nantes and Saint- Nazaire). This has led to the Eco-Metropolis, a pro - During subsequent phases of the Eco-City initiative, ject that combines ambitious economic and urban this group project will continue its work in defining development with promotion and protection of the the Eco-City project for the territory, under the super - exceptional environmental resources in the area vision of the local authorities, in association with all from Nantes to Saint-Nazaire. the partners in the candidacy. This means designing a system for conducting projects on two levels: The goal is to promote a development model for – For each particular project, define the ownership cities throughout the estuary area. This involves conditions, the stakeholders, the schedule and the not just the Nantes Saint-Nazaire SCOT, but also financing. other estuary territories, in particular those on the south shore, including the SCOTs of the Nantes – While also keeping track of the overall project, winegrowing area, the Pays de Retz and the interactions among the stakeholders and relevance Guérande Peninsula. of the project in the larger metropolitan scheme.

The Eco-City iterative construction phase will help At that time, it will be important to define the appro - identify the compatibilities and orientations to priate governance structure for the project, with res - implement in all of these territories to develop a pect to the central government, through the common strategy for the greater territory. association of the local authorities (EPCI, SCOT, County Council, Regional Council) and major econo - The formulation of this global development project mic stakeholders – Nantes Saint-Nazaire Chamber of is a key phase in sustainable development and Commerce and Industry and the Grand Port Maritime social cohesion, and in making the area attractive de Nantes Saint-Nazaire – which are already actively Europe-wide. It is important to define the gover - supporting the project in the candidacy phase, as nance structure, taking into account the strategic well as all the key members of civil society level of the greater territory, the central role of the (University, businesses, Chamber of Trades, etc.). conurbations, and the local community level. The social, economic and environmental performance of the project depends on a successful interterrito - rial and multi-stakeholder structure. And at the top of the list, the citizens are key to the Eco-Metropolis project.

44. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Governance in the greater territory .45 Cartographic references

1. Eco-Metropolis: the strategy for the greater territory

2. Eco-Metropolis: a public transit grid including train, tram-train, tramway and busway

3. Eco-Metropolis: a series of projects around the river

4. Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, emblematic projects of riverfront renewal

46. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Eco-Metropolis: the strategy for the greater territory

Major urban cities

Secondary cities

Communal cities

Framework urban projects

Rail system

Major multimodal exchange centre

47. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Cartographic references .48 Eco-Metropolis: a public transit grid including train, tram-train, tramway and busway

Train Current Project phase Tram-train Project phase Tramway, Busway Current Project phase Urban transport perimeter (PTU) Secondary cities Grand Port Maritime Ferries, river shuttles Current Project phase Airports Current Project phase Train Stations Current Project phase

49. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Cartographic references .50 Eco-Metropolis: a series of projects around the river

The projects Urban riverfront Environment, water Economic projects Transit, mobility Culture, recreation and tourism

51. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Cartographic references .52 Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, emblematic projects of riverfront renewal

Projects in Nantes Projects in Saint-Nazaire

Completed projects

Projects in progress Ville-port 3 (City-harbour) 8 000 inhabitants Ville-gare 2&3 (City-trainstation) 100 000 square meters of offices 2 000 inhabitants New projects areas Oceanis : 10 000 inhabitants Dedicated public transport line in project phase Urban transport line Completed projects New projects areas

February 2009 Location map March 2009 Location map

53. Nantes Saint-Nazaire: building the city around the river Cartographic references .54 Photo credits: André Bocquel / Justouest.fr André Bocquel / Samoa Vincent Jacques / Justouest.fr Vincent Jacques / Samoa Jean-Dominique Billaud / Justouest.fr Éric Milteau / Justouest.fr Michel Plassart / Justouest.fr Estuaire Nantes Saint-Nazaire Jean Depagne / AnimA productions Patrick Garçon / Samoa

Design and graphics: AnimA productions