Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. C, 34, pp. 51–76, December 22, 2008 Neogene and Quaternary Ghost Shrimps and Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Philippines Hiroaki Karasawa1, Hisayoshi Kato2, Tomoki Kase3, Yolanda Maac-Aguilar4, Yukito Kurihara3, Hiroki Hayashi5 and Kyoko Hagino6 1 Mizunami Fossil Museum, Yamanouchi, Akeyo, Mizunami, Gifu 509–6132 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Aoba-cho, Chiba 260–8682 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Hyakunin-cho 3–23–1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 4 Petrolab, Mines and Geosciences Bureau, North Ave., Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines E-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Shimane 690–8504 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 6 Institute for Study of the Earth’s Interior, Okayama University, 827 Yamada, Misasa, Tottori 682–0193 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Twenty species in 17 genera of decapod crustaceans are reported from the Upper Miocene Mapulo Formation in Taysan, Batangas, southern Luzon and the Lower Pleistocene Man- dog Formation in Davao City, southeastern Mindanao, Philippines. Of these, Leucosia martini, Nursia bilobata, Pseudophilyra granulimarginata, Cryptolutea warreni, Demania pilipinas, and Hexapus granuliformis are described as new. Neocallichirus dijki (Martin, 1883), new combination is also included. In addition, three new combinations are proposed: Philyra shihchenii for Leucosia shihchenii Hu and Tao, 1979, from the Pliocene of Taiwan, Paranursia acharyai for Nursia acharyai Bachmayer and Mohanti, 1973, from the Miocene of India, and Cryptolutea litoralis for Galene litoralis Collins, Lee, and Noad, 2003, from the Pleistocene of Sarawak. Key words : Neogene, Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Brachyura, Philippines. revive paleontological researches in the MGB, Introduction and understand the origin of marine biodiversity Decapod fossils are hitherto poorly known in the tropical Indo-Western Pacific (see Aguilar from the Philippines. So far, the only reported and Kase, 2004). Since its initiation, T. Kase, Y. occurrence is the single ghost shrimp, Callianas- M. Aguilar and Y. Kurihara undertook fossil col- sa dijki Martin, 1883, identified by Martin (1895) lection surveys in many islands in the Philip- and Smith (1913) from the Neogene of central pines, and discovered a number of unexplored Cebu. In 2003, the National Museum of Nature younger Cenozoic fossil localities. During the and Science, Tokyo (NMNS), and the Mines course of paleontological surveys conducted by and Geosciences Bureau, Philippines (MGB), NMNS and MGB, a number of decapod fossils launched a joint research project on fossil collec- were collected in Taysan, Batangas and Davao tion building and natural history research in the City in Mindanao. A total of 20 species are rep- Philippines. This project aims to establish stan- resented in the collections, six of which are new dard fossil reference materials in the Philippines, (Table 1). The purpose of this paper is to system- 52 H. Karasawa et al. Table1. List of species from the Mapulo and Mandog Formation Collecting site, age and formation Species TYS-1 Late Miocene DVO-11 Pleistocene Mapulo Formation Mandog Formaiton Callianassa (s. l.) sp. ϩ Neocallichirus dijki (Martin, 1883), new combination ϩ Neocallichirus sp. ϩϩ Raninoides sp. ϩ Calappa pustulosa Alcock, 1896 ϩ Calappa sp. ϩ Leucosia martini Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Nursia bilobata Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Philyra sp. cfr. P. actidens Chen, 1987 ϩ Pseudophilyra granulimarginata Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Galene bispinosa (Herbst, 1783) ϩ Cryptolutea warreni Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Liagore rubromaculata (de Haan, 1835) ϩ Demania pilipinas Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Demania sp. ϩ Eucrate sp. ϩ Carcinoplax purpurea Rathbun, 1914 ϩ Hexapus granuliformis Karasawa & Kato, new species ϩ Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius, 1798) ϩ Pinnixa sp. ϩ atically document these decapod species. Stratigraphy: Locality TYS-1 is from the lime- The first and second authors are responsible stone quarry located in Mapulo Hill, Taysan that for the taxonomy of the crabs, while the others forms a small topographic high within the Pleis- are for the description of geology and collecting tocene volcanic sediments. The sedimentary beds sites. The specimens described in this paper are exposed in this quarry consist of an upper ca. 30- stored in the MGB and NMNS with prefix MGB m-thick coralline limestone and a lower ca. 50- and NMNS, respectively. m-thick, slightly consolidated dark-gray muddy sandstone. The upper limestone facies was as- Description of Fossil Localities signed to the Mapulo Limestone by Avila (1980) and was accordingly adopted by the Philippine By T. Kase, Y. M. Aguilar, Y. Kurihara, H. Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1985). Kase Hayashi and K. Hagino and Aguilar (2004) elevated the Mapulo to for- mational level to include the upper limestone and The fossil decapods described in this paper lower sandstone beds. Fossil mollusks are quite were collected from two sites: Locality TYS-1 common in the upper part of the lower muddy (Mapulo Formation) and locality DVO-11 (Man- sandstone beds. In a preliminary examination, dog Formation). Details of the localities are de- Kase and Aguilar (2004) identified a total of 55 scribed below. molluscan species, 36 of which are identical to modern species that are mostly dwellers in subti- Locality TYS-1 dal to bottoms of about 50 m in depth. Fossil Location: Limestone quarry at Fortune Ce- crabs are rather sporadic and found in floated cal- ment Co. Ltd., Barangay Mapulo, Taysan munici- careous concretions. pality in Batangas Province, southern Luzon Age: Philippine Bureau of Mines and Geo- (13°44.472ЈN, 121°11.240ЈE) (Fig. 1). sciences (1985) assigned the Mapulo Limestone Neogene and Quaternary Crustaceans from Philippines 53 Fig. 1. Maps showing detailed locations of DVO-11 in Davao Province (upper right) and TYS-1 in Batangas Province (lower left). a late Miocene to Pliocene age. This was sub- mations which are overlain unconformably by the stantiated by nannofossil analysis made by H. younger Pleistocene Apo Volcanics and the Kameo of Chiba University on the sandstone Samal Limestone. According to the geological sample that can be assigned to nannofossil zone map published by Mines and Geosciences Bu- CN9 (8.36 to 5.56 Ma), equivalent to a late Late reau, Philippines (Philippine Bureau of Mines Miocene age. and Geoscience, 1984), DVO-11 is within the Mandog Formation that is referred vaguely to Locality DVO-11 early Pleistocene in age. The Masuhi Formation Location: Abandoned sand quarry at Bolbe, in this area is represented by deltaic conglomer- Davao City, southeastern Mindanao (7°04Ј01ЉN, ate of more than 100 m thick, while the overlying 125°34Ј05ЉE) (Fig. 1). Mandog Formation represents a transgressive fa- Stratigraphy: Younger Cenozoic, fluvio-deltatic cies succession that consists of sandstone, marl to shallow marine sedimentary sequences in the and coralline limestone. The sandstone beds at area around Davao City, southeastern Mindanao DVO-11 is the lowermost part of the Mandog consist of lower Masuhi and upper Mandog for- Formation, remarkably fossiliferous, and contain 54 H. Karasawa et al. Fig. 2. Mandog Formation at DVO-11, abandoned sand quarry in Bolbe, Davao City. A. Columnar section of lowermost part of Mandog Formation exposed at DVO-11. B. Outcrop of upper part of section, showing muddy fine-grained sandstone with concretions. Fossil crabs described in this paper were collected from bed- ding surface on terrace (ca. 100 m2) above dotted line. C. Photograph showing weathered surface of crab- bearing bed. D. Photograph showing articulated specimen in crab-bearing bed. diverse mollusks that are mostly identical to menardii, Neogloboquadrina humerosa s.l., Pul- modern species found today in bottoms of open leniatina obliquiloculata (dextrally coiled form), marine, around 50 m in depth (Bed c in Fig. 2A). P. obliquiloculata (sinistrally coiled form), Orbu- The fossil crabs described here are from an upper lina spp. and some others. These species are not horizon of the beds exposed in this quarry (Bed a diagnostic in determining detailed age, except in Fig. 2A). The crab-bearing beds are composed that the abundance occurrence of dextral form of of fine-grained sandstone with abundant calcare- Pulleniatia obliquiloculata suggests an age ous concretions that may have originated by bur- younger than 3.95 Ma (Berggren et al., 1995). rows of benthic animals (Fig. 2B–D). The crabs Bed b yielded moderate to well-preserved Pleis- are abundant in a weathering bedding surface tocene calcareous nannofossils as well as re- (Fig. 2B), and often articulated in good condition worked specimens from older Pliocene sedimen- (Fig. 2D). tary rocks. The calcareous nannofossil species Age: We analyzed planktonic foraminifers and identified from this sample are; Calcidiscus lep- nannofossils from Bed b just below the crab- toporus, Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, medium- bearing bed (Fig. 2A). Bed b yielded beautiful- sized Gephyrocapsa oceanica (3.5–5.0 mm in ly preserved planktonic foraminifer abundant- length of placolith), Discoaster broweri, Spheno- ly. Species identified include Globigerina bul- lithus sp., and Reticulofenestra minutula. The oc- loides,