MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS No. 3.

ASPECTS

OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF 1950-1965

BY

PETROS YIASSEMIDES Dip. Agric. (Cirencester), N.D.A., B.Sc., M.Sc., (Kans. St. Univ.)

AND

Dr. HARALD KUNERT FAO — Expert in Agric. Economics

CYPRUS,AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

.1\ AND NATURAL RESOURCES

March, 1967. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS NO. 3

ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

OF CYPRUS: 1950 — 1965.

By

PETROS YIASSEMIDES Dip. Agric.(Cirencester), N.D.A., B.Sc., M.Sc., (Kans. St. Univ.)

and.

Dr. HARALD KUNERT FAO — Expert in Agric. Economics

CYPRUS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

March, 1967. CONTENTS

Page

Position of Agriculture Within the Cyprus Economy. • • • • • • • :2

. Land Use Structure • • • • • • • • •

Agricultural Inputs and Outputs . . . • • . 13

An Econometric Model of Cyprus Agriculture 1950 — 1965 . • • . • 1 4 • a • 20

Appendices:—

A. BasicA)ata. • • 1 • • • • e 28

B. Agricultural Maps . • • • • • • • 32 •

•

List of Tables

Page

Share of Each Sector in

at Current Fab-tor Cost (in percentage) . a 0 2

Economically Active Population . • • • 03

Gross Domestic Product at Current Factor Prices: Total and per Economically Active Person • • 4 Imports of Agricultural Products for Home 6onsAmption • Exports of Agricultural Products • 6

Structure of Land Use: 1965 • • 7

Structure of Land Ownership • • • 7

Distribution of Holdings by Size • • • • 8

Structure of Agricultural Land Use • • • • 9

Structure of Irrigated Land • • • •

Number of ‘ractors Engaged in Agriculture. • • 11 Structure of Livestock and Livestock/Fodder Area Relationship • • • • . 12 Agrioultural Operating Inputs for the Yeat 19 .5

(Crops and Livestock) • • • • . 13 Growth of Agricultural Gross Output with Current

Prices • • • • . 14 Total and Annual Rate of Change of Cultivated Land for the Period 1950 — 1965 .

Total and Annual Rate of Change of Agricultural Gross Output for the Period 1950 — 1965 . 16

Testing of the Null Hypothesis that Each Regression

Coefficient.is Really Zero ("t" test) . • • 26

Agricultural Gross Output at Constant 1965 Prices 28

Acreage, Number of Livestock and Rainfall. 29

Average Crop Prices Received by Farmers During 1965. 30 List of Figures

Page,

Three-Year Moving Average of the Cultivated Land Use Structure for the Period 1950 - 1965 . • . 10

Trends of Agricultural Wages and Fertilizer Price 17

Index of Prices and Agricultural Gross Output . • . 18

Three-Year Moving Average of the Gross Agricultural Output (Crops Only) with Constant 1965 Prices for the Period 1950 - 1965 . . . • • • . 19

Comparison of the Actual and Estimated Gross Agricultural Output: 1950 - 1965 . • • • • 27

List of Maps

Agroclimatic Zones ...... • . . 32

Soil Classification. . . . , . . , . . 33

Topography...... • . . . . 34

Isohyetal Lines ...... • . . . 35

Dam Projects ...... 36

Main Vegetation and Crops • . . • • . . . 37

Distribution of Sheep and Goats. . . • . . . 38

Distribution of Dairy Cattle and Pasteurized Milk Plants 39

Distribution of Organised Piggeries and Poultry Units , 40

Population Distribution...... 41 • -

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are thankful to all those people who helped them in many ways to prepare this report. They are especially grateful to the staff of the Department of Research and Statistics of the Ministry of Finance and the Planning Commission for their assistance in collecting the basic data and their suggestions.. INTRODUCTION

Though Cyprus, unlike most developing countries, has a reputation of having fairly accurate statistics over a number of years the available information is scattered in many government publications - Statistical Abstracts, Economic Reviews, Annual

Reports of various government departments, blue books etc. This report was written tith the aim of bringing under one cover all the available information on the agricultural sector of the economy.

It is hoped that this report will, firstly, facilitate the study of the agricultural problems of the island, secondly, precent the available agricultural statistics in a comprehensive and meaningful form and, thirdly, give the opportunity to local and foreign people interested in the agricultural economy of

Cyprus to obtain a concise picture of Cyprus agriculture.

The report is divided into four parts. Part one deals with the position of agriculture within the overall economy of

Cyprus. Part two presents the land use structure and part three outlines the agricultural inttOG and outputs and the performance of agriculture during the period 1950 - 1965. The last part presents the results of an attempt to apply the multiple corre- lation technique in measuring the influence of certain variables on the gross output of Cyprus agriculture. -

— —

POSITION OF AGRICULTURE WITHIN TRP, CYPRUS ECONOMY

TABLE 1.1

Share of Each Sector in Gross Domestic Product at Current Factor Cost

(in percentage)

, 1958 1960 . 1965 , Sectors

• 1. Agriculture, Forestry, 22.1 Fishing and Hunting 19.2 • 16.6 ,

2. Industry Mining, Qaarrying, . Manufacturing, Electricity, 28.6 Gas, Water and Construction 29.8 29.9 , 3. Commerce Wholesale, Retail Made, Ownership of dwellings, Banking, Insurance and - Real Estate 22.1 23.6 20.4 4. Transport, Communications and Other Private Services 20.6 1 22.2 . 23,3. i 5.6 5. Public Services 8.3 , 7.7 , 100.0 Gross Domestic Product 100.0 100.0

Sources Economic Report 1965, Ministry of Finance. 3

TABLE 1.2

Economically Active Population

1960 1965 1960 1965 Sectors 1000's Percentage

. Agriculture, Forestry and 40.3 39.6 Fishing 94.8 97.0 , 2. Industry Mining, Quarrying, . Manufacturing, Gas, Electricity, Water and 24.8 23.9 Sanitary Services Construction 58.2 58.7 7.6 3. Commerce 16.2 18.5 669 4. Transport, Communication and Other 17.3 Private Services 36.7 44.5 15.5

5. Public Services, Government . and Communal Institutions and 12.5 11.6 Military Services 29,4 28.3 , Total Economically 100.0 100.0 Active Population 235,3 245.0

Ministry of Finance. Source: Economic Report 1965, , 4

TABLE 1.3 L Gross Domestic Product at Ctirrent Factor Prices: Total 'and -r Economicali Active Person

, 1958 1960 1965. 1958 1960 1965 Sector R. million Z per capita , 1. Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 17.9 15.5 29.2 n.a. 163.5 332.2 2. Industry Mining, Quarrying, . Manufacturing, Gas, Electricity, Water and Construction 27.7 27.8 37.8 n.a. 447.6 643.9 3. Commerce Wholesale,- Retail , Trade, Ownership of Dwellings, Banking, , Insurance and Real Estate 20.6 21.9 31.8 n.a. 1351.8 1718.9 4. Transport, Communication, Other Private Services 19.2 20.7 26.9 n.a. 564.0 604.5 5. Public Services 9.4 7.2 11.6 i n.a. 244.8 409.9 , Gross Domestic Product Total and per Capita 93.1 93.1 132.1 n.a. 395.7 539.2 , Source: Economic Report 1965, Ministry of Finance. TABLE 1.4 Imports of Agricultural Products for Home Consumption

1955 1960 1965 1955 1960 I 1965 Item g, 1000's Percentage

1. Live Animals Chiefly for Food 18 24 75 0.5 0.5 1.2 2. Meat and Meat Prepara- tions 179 946 1,504 5.2 18.8 24.4 3. Dairy Products, Eggs and Honey 494 899 1,104 14.4 17.9 17.9 4. Fish and Fish Prepara- tions 185 285 351 5.4 5.7 5.7 5. Cerea16 and Cereals Preparations 1,772 1,765 1,656 51.7 35.0 , 26.8 6. Fruits and Vegetables 268 621 877- 7.8 12.3 14.2 7. Sugar and Sugar Prepa- rations 506 494 605 14.8 9.8 9.8

Total Imports of Agricultural Products 3,422 5,034 6,172 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: Statistical Abstracts, Ministry of Finance. TABLE 1.5 Exports of Agricultural Products

1955 1960 1 1965 1955 1960 1965 1 t e m - k. 1000's * Percentage

1. Fruit 18.1 241 Oranges 755.8 1172.1 2763.1 12.7 4.3 3.6 Lemons 193.6 276.8 453.0 3.2 - 202.1 334.6 989.4 3.4 5.2 7.9 . Tangerines and - 0.2 Mandarins .... 16.5 - 19.2 19.1 2. Potatoes 697.0 1236.1 2386.6 11.7 - 14.7 3. Cereals 1194.1 - 1838.5 19.9 629.0 19.0 15.0 5.0 4, Carobs 1139.0 969.6 338.8 1.3 4.9 2.7 5. Carrots 80.1 313.1 3.3 3.1 - 1.9 6, Almonds 200.91 198.0 235.5 3.4 1.6 7. Leaf Tobacco 182,0 223.0 208.4 3.0 1.1 0.7 0.7 8. Legumes 65.9 47.8 87.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 9. & Water Melons 39.2 111.4 73.4 3.6 0.7 0.04 0.02 10, Cuminseed 41.9 2.9 0.2 0.1 0.02 11. Figs 15.1 6.8 2.9 0.4 0.1 12. Onions 25.2 6.7 - 8.7 9.9 8.9 13. Wines & Spirits 524.5 639.1 1109.7 14. Vine Products 4.6 172.3 301.4 575.6 2.9 4.6 2.6 4.4 2.8 Raisins 158.4 283.8 347.3 0.5 0.3 Sultanas 13.4 31.2 34.6 0.2 267.8 1.7 3.1 2.1 15. Hides & Skins • 101.4 198.3 3.4 1.7 1.1 16. Wool 202.1 . 114.3 142.8

Total Exports of 100.0 100.0 Agricultural Products 6004.0 6467.0 12503.9 100.0 9 1960 and 1965. Source: Statistics of Imports and Exports for 1955 , - 7 -

LAND USE STRUCTURE

TABLE 2.1

Structure of lend Use: 1965

Donums -1°-

• Agricultural Land Cultivated Land. (incl. fallow) 3,300,000 47.7 Unimproved Grazing and Vacant Land 698,300 10.1

, Uncultivable and Potentially Cultivable Land 1,129,860 16.3

• Forests (major and minor) State Forests 1,206,000 17.4 Private Forests 101,120 1.5

Town and Village Sites, Roads, River—beds, etc. 480,120 7.0

Total Area of Cyprus 6,915,400 100.0

TABLE 2.2

Structure of Land Ownership

Donums

Privately OwnedOwned. 4,2483310 66.0

State Owned 1,870,670 29.1

Owned by Other Institutions 316,300 4.9

Total Land 6;435,280 100.0 (excl. Town and Village Sites, Roads, etc.) 7:7,•

—

TABLE 2,3 11.22111ELILas.1.221glaIimiLla

1946 1960 Size of Holdings Number of 'Number of (donums) Area , Area Holdings Holdings , e ... Under 5 5.9 0.3 11.7 0.6

5 and under 20 27.4 5.9 29.3 7.2 20 " " 60 37.4 25.2 35.3 27,2 i . 60 " " 100 15.3 21.8 13.1 21.6 '

100 " " 200 11.2 27.9 8,2 23.6

200 and over 2,8 18.9 2.4 19.7

T OTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number of Holdings and Area 69,445 3,232,996

Source: Population and Agriculture, 1960 Volume VI. - 9 -

TilELD- 2,4

Structure of:riculinral La1,19. Use

] 1955 1960 1 1965 1955 1960 1965

I 10001 3 donums Percentage

Wheat 601.8 580.0 470.0 19.6 18.6 14.2 427.2 440.0 596.0 13.9 14.1 18.1 Oats 36.8 19.0 10.2 1.2 0.6 0,3

Cereals 1065,8 1039.0 1076.2 34.7 33.3 32.6

Legumes • 55.8 48.6 35.4 1.8 1,6 1.1

Vegetables 75.7 89.3 120.5 2.6 2.9 3.6

Industrial Crops 66.3 25.5 50.2 2.1 0.8 1.5 i 1) Trees Irrigated • 54.6 76.4 108.0 1.8 2.4 3.3 1) Trees Non-Irrigated 532.9 581,0 606.3 17,4 18.6 18.4 Vines Irrigated 10.0 15.0 20.0 0.3 0.5 0.6 Vines Non-Irrigated 260.0 270.0 280.0 8.4 8.7 8.5

Cash Crop Area 2121.1 2144.8 2296.0 69.1 68.8 69.6

Green Fodder Crops I 215.2 169.8 177.3 7.0 5.5 5.4

732.6 1 801.9 824.2 23,9 25.7 25.0 i Fallow ‘ Total Cultivated Land 13068.9 3116.513297.5_1100.0 100.0 100.0 1 1) In the statistical returns these are given in numbers of trees. These have been converted to an area basis by assuming a fixed number of trees per donum varying according to the kind of tree, e.g. 10 carob trees per donum, 4

FIGURE 2.1 ree Tear Nov vsra of the Cultivated Land Use Structure juennialLy. for the Period 1220:-...1211 112-1

Field Crops Uillion Donuns Deciduous Fruits and Banana(' Citrus 3.0 - aglanck

Coroalo

2.5

2.0 IIII Logumoo mAroAraarlayfirA171117AUFAMMIRWAIVAIMAIIIIIIIIIIIIWAFAVAIAIIIIIMIWAIIIIIIINAIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIMAIII II

Fodder° 1.4 / ci arawgiffmrAwA•wmrAwaWaIr I Indudtrial vMMfJJJJJJJIAVJ Awmr lava., rgirArgArairdialfAillir - 0AlgrAWAPArlArA '.5 iAlA 100 Troop

1.0 Vinoo

0.5

Mid-Tear. 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 TABU', 2.5 Structure of Irrigated Land

1955 1960 1965 1955 1960 1965 • Item percentage of Cultiva- 10001s donums , ted Agricultural Land

Perennially Irrigated

• Gravity 86.5 91.0 114.5 2.8 2.9 3,5 Mechanically 113.5 180.0 210.4 3.7 5.8 6.4 Seasonally Irrigated Gravity 345.0 361.0 430.0 11.2 11.6 13.0 Total Irrigated Land • 545.0 632.0 754.9 17.7 20.3 22.9 Total Cultivated Land 3,670 3,118 3,300 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sources: Statistical Abstracts 1964, 1965 and Agricultural Research Institute.

TABLE 2.6 Number of Tractors Engaged in 43.riculture

, Year 1950 1955 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Item

1. Number of Tractors Actually Used in Agriculture 452 1,550 3/000 3,1003,250 3,700 3,900 4,300 2. Donums of Cultiva- ted Land per Tractor Engaged in Agriculture 6,030 1,980 1,040 1,025 970, 870 830 770 TABLE 2,7

Structure of Livestock

And Livestock/Fodder Area Relatiohslan

1 1935 1960 1965 1955 1960 1965 . t Item ,------. -1;o0 1000ts 1000 LU 1 A. Livestock Structure . ,

Cattle (excl.dairy cows) 32.2 27.5 26.0 22.5 19.2 18.2

Dairy Cows 205 3.5 8,5 2.5 3.5 8.5

Sheep and Lambs 1382.2 410.0 343.2 38.2 41.0 34.3 i Goats and Kids 148.9 261.0 15.8 14.9 26.1 1157.9 Pigs 32.7 26.4 35.3 6.5 5.3 7.1

Poultry n.a. 140O 21300 n.a. 3.5 5.7

. l Productive Livestock _ - -- 85.5 87.4 99.9

Horses 2.5 2.9 1.7 2.5 2.9 1.7

Mules 6.9 3.8 4.2 6.9 3.8 4.2

Donkeka 42.3 44.5 37.9 21,1 22.2 18,9 Draught animals , (excluding oxen) _ _ - 30.5 28.9 24.8 1

TOTAL _ 1 - - 106.0 116.3 124.7,

B. Livestock/Fodder Area Relationship 1955 1960 1965 . Total L.U. (Productive Ruminants Only) 79,000 78,600 87,100 2) Fodder Crops (donums) 319,600 274,100 281,600

L.U. per 10 don. of fodder area 2.47 2.87 3.08

Fodder area per 1 L.U. (donums) 4.05 3.48 3.24

1) One Livestock Unit = 400 okes live-weight. 2) Including 104,300 ddnums of unimproved grazing land. 13

AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

TABLE 3.1 lEri2a1Ia.21_222121ips Inputs for the Year 1965 (Crops and Livestock)

Item E 1000's %

Seeds 1,353 14.2

Chemical Fertilizers 1,897 16.2

Insecticides, Fungicides, Weedicides, etc. 227 2.4

1;lachinery, Implements and Hand Tools 803 8.4

Irrigation 507 6.3

Feeding Stuffs 4,714 50.8

Eggs for Hatching and Imported Day—Old Chicks 136 1.4

Milk 29 0.3 4

Total Operating Inputs 9,866 1 100.0

1) Excludes Wages, Interest on Capital, Rent, Manure, Honey and Indirect Taxes.

Source: Department of Research and Statistics, Ministry of Finance (Unpublished). - 14 -

TABLE 3.2

Growth of Agricultural Gro22.....2aIlut with Current Prices Z1000 t s

Year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Item '

A. Cropland Dryl and. Cereals 2,512 2,935 4,854 4,743 3,411 7,111 Legumes 266 231 259 264 208 386 Fodder Crops 795 7.:.7 884 992 873 1,074 Industrial Crops 212 233 283 447 336 846 Trees and Vines 4,003 7,384 4/640t 4/979 3/770 5,845 Irrigated Crops Vegetables 3,407 3,629 6288k 4,259 4/341 6,202 Fodder Crops 147 215 196 224 244 249 Other Field Crops 14 13 17 18 17 19 Citrus 1,968 2,722 2,235 3,149 2,720 2/955 Deciduous Trees 318 359 355 399 466 842 Other Fruit Trees 113 109 100 128 110 91 Bananas 84 96 113 115 44 130

A. Total Cropland 13,839 -L8,823 20,224 19,717 16,54025,750

B. Livestock Cattle Meat 8.:D ?"'_ 067 7,057 992 1,344 Milk 317 352 409 484 480 540 1) Sheep and Goats 3,130 3,298 3,298 3,405 3,425 4/094

Pigs 490 630 700 876 1,056 1,148 Poultry

Meat 680 782 850 918 1,080 1,428 Eggs .690 ' 15,0 .8,25 997 900 1,015

Other (Pigeons., Rabbits - - - - - 352

Hides and Skins 140 140 144 144 156 166 '

B. Total Livestock 6,287 6,876 7,193 7,881 8,089 10,087

Total A + B 20,126 2!',..,099 27,417 27,598 1 24,62935,837

1) InoIuding Wool and Hair Production, 2) All underlined figures are estimates. TABLE 3.3 Total and Annual Rate of Change of Cultivated Land

for the Period 1950 - 1965

. , J Three Year Average Annual Rate of Year Total Change % .... Change 0 1951 1954 1960 1951 1954 1960 Item to to to to to to s. _ 1964 1964 1264 1964 1964 1964 Irrigated Field Crops 5.72 5.07 7.60 106.51 63.68 34.33

, Irrigated Tree Crops 1 7.47 7.29 7.60 154.68 101.56 34.27

All Irrigated Crops 6.40 5.89 7.60 124.02 77.57 34.31

Dryland Field Crops -0.39 -0.41 0.50 -5.02 44.21 2.42

Dryland Tree Crops 1.91 1.41 0.75 28.14 15.26 3,01

All Dryland Crops 0.45 0.30 0.75 6.15 3.13 2.66 , Total Cropped Land 0,85 0.77 1.23 12.09 7.67 5.15

Fallow 1.65 1.58 -0.50 27.34 18.23 -2.03

TOTAL CULTIVATED LAND 1.08, 0.10 0.75 15.46 9.85 3.44 - 16 -

TABLE 3=4 Total and Annual Rate of Change of Agricultural Gross Out

for the Period 1950 - 1965 (Constant 1965 Prices

Three Year Average Annual Rate of i Total Change % Year Change cl) 1951 1954 1 1960 1 1951 1954 1960 Item . to to to to to to 64 _IL.. 6 1 64 1.6; 1.64 1-6a

Irrigated Field Crops 7.87 6,46 10.83 167.98 '86.94 50.77

Irrigated Tree Crops 7.56 6,16 9.86 157.83 81.68 45.56.

All Irrigated Crops 7.75 6.35 10.45 163.82 84.79 48.61

Dryland Field Crops 3.08 1.50 10.83 44.00 15.82 51.27

Dryland Tree Crops 3.55 2.18 -1.88 57.17 24.13 -6.53

All Dryland Crops 3.16 1.75 4.90 49.03 19.03 21.08

• ALL CROPS 4.89 3.75 7.18 85.66 141.93 32.19

Period 1960 t3 1;C:5 1960 to 1965 Item

1) All Livestock Production 9.65 58.59

Meat 10.44 1 64.32

Milk 9.11 54.67 Eggs 8,76 52.17

Hides, Skins, Wool & Hair 2.16 11.02

1) Data are not available for the period 1950 - 1959. — 17 — ,FIGURE 3,1

Trends of cultural Wa es and Fertil zer Prices

Hils/Unit.

160 j

150 .

140 .

130

120 .

Nitrogen 110 .

100 .

80 .

Phosphate 70.

Labour 60- 1

50 -

40

0 AM. 1950 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 1960 61 62 63 64 65 1966 Years

Units: Labour : 1 male hour. Nitrogen : 1 oke Pure Nitro—ammonia. Phosphate: 1 oke Pure Superphosphate.

Sources: 1. Statistical Abstracts, Ministry of Finance. 2. Agricultural Research Institute. FIGURE 3.2 Index of Prices and Agricultura1 Gross Output

Retail Prices : 1957.100 Prices Received by Farmers: 1957.100 Agricultural Gross Output : 1960.100

Index

180

175 170

165 160

155

150 Agricultural Gross Output (CUrrent Prices) 145 140

135 Agricultural Gross Output 130 (Constant 1965 Prices) 125

120

115

110

105

100 95

90

85 Prices Received 60 by Farmers 75 1 70 'Retail Prices

65

0 ir ri

1950 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 1960 61 62 63 64 65 1966 Tears

Sources: 1. Retail Price Index, Ministry of Finance. 2. Monthly Reports, Department of Agriculture. 3. Agricultural Research Institute. Three-Year Moving Average of the Gross Agricultural Ou

Citrus Dryland Croys tegtimeo Industrial oropo Fodder° — 20

AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF CYPRUS AGRICULTURE 1250 —

During the last thirty years statistical prgcedures have been applied increasingly in tile natural science. They have also become an indispensable tool in the field of economic research.

In former times the results of economic investigations were of a descriptive nature and they tended to describe the relationships of factors mainly following a cause and effect approach. Nowadays the results of many investigations can be presented both in a descriptive and quantitative manner.

Economic development and planning require sufficiently precise predictions. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the various factors of the economy and their interdependences are needed.

In the following pages an effort is made, firstly, to present an example of the application of the multiple correlation technique in measuring the interaction of some of the factors influencing agricultural production, and, secondly, to test the reliability of the results and the extent to which they can be applied in practice.

The Model

I. The Maintained H, otheses:—

The estimation of the econometric model was based on the following hypotheses:

a) That the growth of the gross output of the agricultural industry of Cyprus, considered here as the dependent variable, was influenced by certain independent variables.

b) That the direction and degree of the influence of these independent variables on the growth of agriculture can be measured empirically. - 21 -

II. The Independent Variables:-

Agriculture, more than any other industry, is influenced by many dynamic forces: physical, biological, social and economiio.

Any change in these forces makes necessary a readjustment in the farmers' operations and 4:ence influences their production both qualitative and quantitative. Some of the main variables which influence gross agricultural output are listed below:

1)Acreage of the perennially irrigated area 2)Aoreage of the dryland cropped area 3)Rainfall 4)Number of productive farm animals (cattle, sheep and goats, pigs and poultry) 5)Quantity of fertilizers used OCapital investments (fixed and operating) 7)Technological improvements 8)Managerial capacities of the farmers 9)Prices received by farmers 10)Prices paid by farmers 11)Changes in the land use structure 12)Incidence of pests and diseases.

Though the above list is not exhaustive, it would be impossible to handle them all. Variables 5 - 12 were not conside- red mainly because of inadequate statistical information for the whole period under consideration, and because of difficulties in measuring these variables quantitatively. Therefore, the calcula- tions were made using only variables 1 - 4.

III. Collection of Data:-

The data used are historical time series obtained from various publications of the Government of Cyprus and from special investigations of the Agricultural Economics Field of the Institute.

The gross agricultural output was calculated with constant 1965 prices for two reasons:-

a) Lack of information regarding the current prices received by farmers prior to 19609 and

b) It was considered more appropriate to relate the influence of the independent variables on the quantitative rather than value changes of the gross agricultural output.

The period considered is frnm 1950 to 1965, inclusive, for crop production and from 1960 - 1965 for livestock production because of incomplete data prior to 1960. 22

IV. Estimation of Relationships:—

The estimation of the relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variables was caloulated by the linear least squares method. The basic data used are presented in

Appendix A.

The equations expressing the interrelationships between the variables are as follows:..

(1) Y .a + b X + b X + b x TC l 1 1 2 2 3 3 (2) .a +bX Y 2 4 4 Y .a % + b X (3) SG 5 5

(4) Y a4 + b X P 6 6

Y .a 5 + b7X7 (5) p1

Where:

Y : Gross output of both dryland and irrigated crops TC Y : Gross output of cattle (beef and dairy) c Y : Gross output of sheep and goats SG Y : Gross output of pigs

Y : Gross output of poultry p1

X : Acreage of dryland cropped land

X : Acreage of perennially irrigated land 2 X : Average rainfall of Cyprus 3 X : Average number of catite 4 x : Average number of sheep and goats x : Average number of pigs 6 X : Average number of poultry 7

a — a : constant factors (Y intercepts) 1

b — b : regression coefficients 1 — 23 —

Results:

1) The results of the correlation analyses are as follows:

(1) YT0 = —8,723,600 + 4.671 + 60.76X2 + 227,960X3

(+ 1.03) (+ 10.61) (-1- 129,461) 2 R = 0.84

(2) Yc = —2,940,100 + 134.9X4

(+ 43,82) 2 R 0.63

9161900 + 7.28 (3) YSG = X5

(+ 1.99)

R2 = 0.71

271,260 (4) Yp = a" 28.19X6

4.13) (+ 2 R .0.91

(5) Y = —247,630 + 1.16x 7 (+ 0.06)

R2 = 0.99

1) The numbers in parentheses are the standard errors of the coefficients above them. The R2 is the coefficient of multiple deiermination and expresses, as a percentage, the amount of the total variation in the dependent variable which is associated with the variation of the independent variable(s), • — 24

V. Appraisal of Reliability:

1) Statistical:

In order to determine the statistical reliability of the results of the correlation analysis it is necessary to:

a) calculate the coefficient of determination of each

equation4

b) calculate the standard error of each regression

coefficient,and

c) test the hypothesis that each regression coefficient

is really zero.

The results of the first two steps have already been

presented in the last page. The results of the third step are

presented in Table 4.1. A comparison of the actual and estimated

gross agricultural output is shown in Figure 4.1.

2) Non—Statistical:

The data used in the model cover only a limited number

of years. The calculated interrelationships between the various

dependent variables, (Vs) and independent variables (X's) are, at best, as good as the basic data from which they were derived.

We have reasons to believe that in many instances the data secured from different sources were only rough estimates of the actual

data. Efforts should be made to strengthen the basic statistical services of the country so as to collect annually accurate information about all agricultural inputs and outputs.

One should be very careful in using the model in order to

make predictions about the future growth of the agricultural industry.

The environment in which agriculture operated between 1950 — 1965

may change in the coming years. To state only a few examples,

technology, agricultural structure, prices and managerial abilities

of the farmers will change. The degree and extent of these changes

and their implications on agriculture are very difficult to foresee. - 25

If the implicit and explicit assumptions on which the

model is based change, to on direction or another, then any

predictions based on this model will be far from the actual future situation.

Similar and more thorough studies should b-t carried out regularly in order to secure a reliable basis on which to build models for, at least, short-term predictions, planning and policy making. TABLE 4.1

Testing of the Null Hypothesis that Each Regression

Coefficient is Really Zero (tft" test)

Independent Variables

Equation First Variable Second Variable Third Variable Confidence Level Confidence Level Confidence Level 2% 5% 2% 5% 2% 5%

•

1. Total Ca2ops A A

2. Cattle A I•••

OM. Sheep and Goats 1.M 3. A 1110.111

4, Pigs WW1

/OM Poultry 1111.0 IWO 5. ONO

R. Hypothesis rejected hence the regression coefficient is significant.

Hypothesis accepted hence the regression coefficient is not significant. FIGURE 4.1

Con rison of the Actual and Estimated A ioultural Gross Out 2,2552_=.1265,

Million it 40_

36- Crops and Livestock 32- Gross Output 1 28- at Crops Constant 1965 24- Only Prices 20-

16-

12-

4- Tear 01 4 1 1 4 T 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1950 . 1955 1960 1965 a -28 -

TABLE A.1

Agricultural Gross Output at Constant 1965 Prices

Total Crops Cattle Sheep & Goats'' Pigs Poultry Year R, 1000 g, 1000 E 1000 E 1000 E 1000

1950 11,349.60 1951 10,308.84 1952 12,197.68 1953 15,777.76 1 1954 14,940.78 1955 13,568.40 1956 15,248.58 1957 16,728.96 1958 16,435.74 1959 15,497.03 1960 14,123.09 1,214 3,140 518 1,347 1961 17,929.43 1,339 3,310 666 1,507 1962 18,911.17 1,437 3,310 740 1,647 1963 19,913.44 1,597 3,427 925 1,744 1964 17,191.95 1,730 3,229 999 1,890 1965 25,753.43 1,884 4,093 1,148 2,443

Data for livestock prior to 1960 are not available. TABLE A.2

Acreallei Number of Livestock and Rainfall

Perennially 1) Dryland Irrigated Year Cattle Rainfall donums * land Sheep & Goats Pigs Poultry d:onums inches/annum

1950 2,054,400 97,210 14.0 1951 2,084,790 111,040 23.8 1952 2,122,460 123,850 23.5 1953 29121,070 143,940 19.9 1954 2,122,260 140,190 21.0 1955 2,2?,1,930 135,110 20.3 1956 2,133,160 142,330 15.5 1957 2,149,200 153,210 18.7 1958 2,152,020 1669640 14.1 1959 2,140,800 182,980 14.1 1960 2,142,100 30 31,000 173,7 559,000 26,400 1,4009000 17.2 1961 2,171,900 197,610 327000 557,000 36,600 1,500,000 24.0 1962 2,180,800 221,060 33,000 580,000 38,000 1,600,000 21.9 1963 2,196,000 256,680 34,000 610,000 40,000 1,700,000 12.1 1964 2,216,600 246,630 35,000 605,000 44,000 1,900000 20.5 1965 2,234,290 241,170 34,000 667,000 50,000 2,300,000 18.4

Data for livestock prior to 1960 are not available. 1) acluding fallow land. - 30 -

TABLE A•3

Average Cro Prices Received br Farmers Durin.g 196

Commodity Unit Price

IRRIGATED CROPS A. Field Crops I. Vegetables Potatoes (Spring and Autumn) 26 Carrots 23 Onions 69 Onion sets 192 Water melons 13 Other melons 42 Cucumbers 65 Eggplants 50 Peppers 50 Cabbages 49 Cauliflowers 35 Celery 15 Okra 40 Haricot-beans 130 Tomatoes 45 Kohl-rabi 15 Colocasse 35 Artichokes 30 Pumpkins, Marrows & Squashes 35 II. Other Irrigated Field Crops Strawberries 100 Groundnuts 150

III. Fodder Crops (green) Lucerne and Berseem 4 Maize, Sudan Grass etc. 4 B. Tree Crops and Vines I. Citrus Oranges mils/1000 fruits 7000 Lemons 3500 Grapefruit 11 7250 Mandarines 11 n.a. II. Deciduous Fruits 1. Pome Apples mils/oke 120 Pears 145 Quinces II 70

/01.110....111111.11110111M111•111.1111MMO11.1111111.11..1111. (Continued) -31—

Average Crop Prices Received by Farmers Buring 1965

(Continued

Commodity Unit Price

. Stone Apricots and Kaisha mils/oke - 100 Cherries II 160 Peaches ti 75 Plums 11 70 3. Nuts Hazelnuts ft 300 Walnuts II n.a. 4. Other Fruit Trees Figs (fresh) it 57 Pomegranates 11 35 Loquat It go

5. Bananas 11 125 DRYLAND CROPS A. Field Crops I. Cereals II 50 Barley 11 31.5 Oats if 37 II. Legumes II Broadbeans . 93 Chickpeas If 95 Cowpeas It 160 Lentils II 100 Lauvana If 94 III. Fodders Green Cereals (Barley + Oats) tt 4 vicos and -Rovi II 48 Favetta if 45 IV. Industrial Tobacco It 400 Cotton (lint + seed) II 130 Aniseed li 287 Cutin tf 283 Sesame n 167 V. Trees and Vines Carobs it 18.5 It 113 Almonds tt 130 Vines Local ti 22.5 Vines Table it 24.5 4 APPENDIX B

AGRI CULTURAL MAPS AGRO CLI MAT1C ZONES

MILES 12 6 12 24 MILES

Kyrenia Ran9e &Harpass KYREN IA Subzone 1 Mountain area 4 'now0e .P -0 4rar .004°P.I." ' 'id , OP 0.4. 2 Northern foothills fr Subzone -I Subzone 3 Sow-/hemn foothills 5ubzone 4 Coastal

Mesaaria . l 5ubzone 5 Nor/her/7 Mesaona 5ubzone 6 Eastern coastal plain Subzone 7 Central Mesaoria 5ubzone 8 Western Mesaoria Subzone 9 Southern Vilesaoria

Larnaca & Chath Hills Subzone 10 Coastal zone 5ubzone 11 Low hill zone

Ti-oodos Mountain Range subzone 12 Mountain area Subzaqe 13 Foothills of Troodos will Lfrnassol,Paphos Zone 5abzone 14 Highland rine area I MASSOL L 5ubzone 15 Low /ands

•••••• Alfamas Coastal areas j

SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF CYPRUS MILES 12 6 12 24 MILES

/

/ XX XX /// KYRENIA // x X X \71",dpirawarieraititar XX XX Kafkalla //(\/•/ ////'43 ///'6/Z / /// . //// / ....,. -...... , Terra Rossa on ifafkalla ''‘. N ////---,--- ////////// //// •_,.. - Terra Rossa on hard Limes/one MORPHOU

•••••• -, /—,,-,- ,--- _ Red earths r — — FAMAGUSTA rilv,4 1 Brown earths — _—...... — r _ -4 hi • \ ldit'LLI'v < • Calcareous raw sods 4 4 ('• 4 :. rs,1 t: 41\ N \\••_ di LA.—••gi.- vLv I,V1 I,t- k.e. &414./A: Av , --/ivvy4:11 kv .e2 ,—,1 ,/ ,./I../.#1'1,,

/‘"' l' 4--1 \i'l \ \ A \\\ • \ \\• Shallow rendzinas \\\ • \\\\‘\, \\ , • \\\\ N\ \ \\\ \\\\ \\\\•\ •••••••• Alluvia/ sods \\\ • \\ PAPHOS ,o

1,,\\ Silicate raw soils on igneous rocks \\\ \ • LI MASSOL 51ilcale raw sods on Marnonia rocks

••••• Blown sand Source:C.A.C.Konteatis, Cyprus Water Development & Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, , 1967. TOPOGRAPHY OF CYPRUS Cape Andreas

MILES 12 6 0 12 24 MILES

Famagusta Bay td)

FAMAGUSTA Cape Arnaouti khrysokhou Boy 0 -100 0 ft

Larnaca Bay 1000-2000 ft Pyla LARNACA Cape 2000-3000 ft Lake 3000-4000 ft

4000-5000 ft

5000-6000 ft

6000 and over

Akrotiri pay

, Source: C.A.C. Konteatis, Cyprus Water Development & Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Nicosia,1967. 1SOHYETAL LINES

MILES 12 6 0 12 24 MILES ,

Note: Figures on map denote inches of rainfall.

Average rainfall for 1908-1957(50 years)=19.82 inches to.' which is taken as normal. FAMAGUSTA Standard deviation:4.06 inches.

Total rainfall on Cyprus for normal year is 164A7x1Ogft3.

Area of Cyprus taken as 3572 sq. miles.

PAPHOS

LIMASSOL

Source:C. A.C. Konteatis, Cyprus Water Development & Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Nicosia, 1967. 1965-1966 PROJECTS BEFORE 1960 OF CYPRUS DAMS CONSTRUCTED DAM PROJECTS No. N4 ME TYPE ,HT m.G. NO, NAME TYPE H7 M.G. YEAR 10001900 47 Yerrnasoyia Earth /32300d / Kouklia , Earth 20 1964 PROJECTS 48 Kontea(2) ,, /8 18 41945 1963 PROJECTS 2 Lymbla Mason/y 17 No. _ . NAME TYPE HT MG. No. NAME TYPE HT AtG., ,, 26 43 7/945 49 Makrasyka 3 L.ythroo'honda il 35 ,, 22, 19 ,, 30 /8/947 26 Arqaka MakounceRockill/ / 35253 37 Agros Earth 86 22 50 Xy/ophaqou (4) 4 1-1a/okhorio (HI) „ I, 15 7 27 Ayia Morino' il /08 66 38 Phreraros..6 18 25 51 Sotira(4) 5 Akrounda ,, 22 5/947 /0 36 51947 28 Ayla Napa (7) Earth 27 12 , 39 Halopanaylotis ,, 120 86 52 Phrenaros(3) s, 22 6 Galini ,, Avgforou (7) /0 15 7 Petra ,, 30 7/948 29 Fist°. Anti-Flood, h 25 36 i40 Dherinia II 20 5 53 8 Petra ,, 30 51951 30 Fisto Recharge ,, 16 11 141 Alavroirolymbos ,, 153480 Total Storage Capacity 31/2 9 Lythroo'honda , 34 7/952 31 Hanli Keuy , 63 245 142 Polernio'hia , 147750 /0 karizes ,, 75 251953 ,, / 74 43 Llopetri ,, 58 80 32 Ufa M//ea 7 101000 II Ayios Loucas Earth 1 I 100/955 33 Ovqos ,, 52 186 44 Fresh WaterLake , Gypsos ,, 11 221955 34 Pornos Rockfill126 189 45 Ayios Nicolaos , 6 300 12 ,, 300 15 Ifonolou Masonry 43 8/956 35 Trernithios Earth 74 355 46 Paraliinni Lake 14 Perapeo'hi Con.Gray 60 /2/956 36 Parailmni (45) If /5 25 Total Storage Capacity 30 1957 15 Pyrqos (Ty11.) ,, 60 30 Total Storage Capacity 1452 16 Trirniklini , 105 751958 Total Storage Capacity/330 KYRENIA ... _ . Capacity Mo. NAME TYPE NT MG. N. Total Storage to date: say /0,000m.g. 17 Sotira Earth 25 10 /8 Prodhromos ,, 20 25 os R. 19 (F) 1, 23 10 Panayia cr lU 20 Morphou ,, 37450 (,) 11116. to, B 21 Lefica Gon.Grav 80 80 L Peciie°5 8 04. 0,R. hos -8 1'4 22 Geunye/i Earth 50230 NICOSIA 23 Ayios Yeorgios I, 20 20 (,) MORPHOU .p. v Awar 7#4/FA A USTA 24 Atholassa ,, 42174 4 25 Ale's::: ,, _ 15_ 0 q- Total Capacity 1003 (S" V Ve- m Storage 0.33 egh I I "k" .0.1rur 0 oc, 0 HT refers to height in feet tc) "Y— from foundation 13 means capacity of wate II. MG. LARNACA in million gallons .33 f YEAR is the year of completi• ly -0 . Phrenaros(6) means six small L-476>b 0 dams in Phrenaros area 00) 0f3 CY '?" 0 0 @ tS1 PAPHOS Note All dams in Famagusta Q‘°\° area are recharge darns V(11- I Cl/ ----- Conveyor LLI allan Area irrigated MILES 12 6 0 12 24 MILES Source.- C.A.C. Konteatis, Cyprus Water Development it Resources, Ministry of Agriculture , Nicosia, 1967. MAIN VEGETATION & CROPS OF CYPRUS

MILES 12 6 0 12 24 MILES

Cereals

Vegetables

Citrus —4

Vines

Deciduous

# Olives & Carobs

tff Almonds & Pigs

r r Vegetables & Bananas

r St, Tobacco

Non cultivable /and PAPHOS Mosaic ofcombination of crops

Forest

ource: C.A.C.Konteatis, Cyprus Water Development & Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Nicosia, 1967. DISTRIBUTION OF SHEEP AND GOATS

le X X 24 MILES AX A MILES 12 6 0 12 X y 4, S. et A iiie , %If.:;, e..•e x . e x x fi .• •• •• • se:• .4

•••••1•6.::e :e .4,• 5.7!),•: •:•,( • .•P'x.x :::.•,, . ..i.x 4 .••:•:••• 40 .....•ir • • . • X - _, x. X 11•:• • ... .• x O. x X ee x co•x x •.: 4 ,X11 X., • wl••• •.10: :.••• ex .0: ..1 • I I •• •x ::x:etit x.,,A.r.: : Xii, ... %. „0 •• i, x l‘x !:::,,, :;„ 4 ...... X :;.14: .-... -. ,, ...... a..., ::,;.:t 'Welxxx x .,),`, .••#:• •••.••t y; :,.... x -47., ,.„,, cti:,,,x,%‘3,x), •,,,.: rxx xxItI4 *. ' "e .*•x 0) X. X. 4:2: • xx " * ki: ,. ',,,, ,,,, x • 41 •% 1:•.•• ,..% • az x t " •li-x x.. ••e 7.7 4,: 110... in each District 1964 •x size of Flock •:. ), Slix ( bio• .)c)(2:.' x:t . x x 74 ifialis i,,, (qt. %A ".4104.t.Ixx 1:9410.7x ..,(' :6 '1;14 6 !7•:: :X.1::..::.:: ...11t:: e...; • • x its* :.':::::::.l'(f ele i rota! NaSP :•4 ,): x e:N twITX•.1(.•:,;;• 10-30 30-6060-1001000Yer .•x A 11V... e .6 0. District 4 Coots(, x X' x x ..x..• . ..• :x )c. A x **), A• " 1%40481.4 ft. )):iii :IV; .41:ix:1 x 6474. 1:.:(ti x •. s:::::•::::..: • or.. w•• 602 31 0 . 1712 164,595 x x...• x _ x x ,te•,,, jot r:41.63„ Iti: .....x'::: a ee• :e ;.-:0: ....0 .56.40• ,„•.40 •.. e, Nicosia 277 52.3 4.),.„ • ..• ?•° x.... x." gee 4. x '•• ,e," ..txx...j.• .-••• • /14. . .• • • .0 •y • !A 551 471,135 x •. • •• x • . .0,, •cic...- 40, 3•• v, ifyrenia 45 /70 187 1 49 • x,1/4.x , x • El f:. 4 irate 991 , 604 '4 3085185,626 , A X f'19Pusta 632, 858. x 5 060 ,,X,: ix )%.ic. 4 ,,,,410.4164,),,, 1)) .6 .is x •••• x • •--.. ••oy xxx • ,, • x x x604. x .. • x• x • el° .0. - ••• 205 840 79,207 x• )i x )0;'`g. :32142:x1 Larnaca 56 242 337_ x x .x . '8 xxx),''x . • x • xxo-itg A x 11:••" X* x :gy xx .4),• x,, . xx P•11246P's• owe • 1 75,640 84,504 )ii,x x. .g Limassol 92 184 189 °" sx x X.* X .X Tee!0 6"),. • , x x . ,,* ,, 1 X !,Cittti;x ° ....•X 82 779 84,10 A • y • X X X /90 339 /68 S X XX X Paphos .0X0 TO X X 5 .x ; )(X ,, XX OX X t, x x x x Xt• , ,i,Is . X • - ; • X Xx x x x aq•fx .• 247A I5257607 6023*. . 4 ,.x ,,,,,,xxxxxxv: „ „ x x..?„,. . . TOTAL 1292231 6 ' x .x,, • xx%. xx . x t' .x x• . ,xx. x0. )1( A x )(x. .x SASS. ." x x x •• x x x x ', o.x .. 'i..•t • . 6: ..x x•xxxx • xx x x.x x ... xx . . •• .p...... •x• x x x x.Sfle e• .6 . )0 •% x • x x x X x se •• • x x x g x x x .•„e ,, •)v x ir :11.x x X x 0, X X X 50 10 e.t Yx1110. X X OS 0•W x iC.:. X *X .•%5 ,XX' X ••• •1441•66• Pe Sheep (200) • x ;,:,x.xe x •• •• •• 0 e; 0 .'• x 'rX.' "x x 00), x x x x ,.• •• •1::: 1 :' x :0• (200 ...ol ,, :• x Goats 71I 0555Xl' re . •Irxx x 0i r • •`,•• •60 AS• I* we 0.6• xxx

Annual Report of the Department of Veterinary .ource: Services, 1964. DISTRIBUTION OF DAIRY CATTLE th PASTEURIZED MILK PLANTS MI LES12 6 0 12 24 MILES Kerirtik-krtddiratd

• •

• •

0 •• • , • • oei• • • 44 • SIZE OF DAIRY CATTLE HERDS o • •• 0 • • i 0.011/4& 0 00 • •S• •• 0::•• ° •04 :00:0: 000 Group No. of Cowhetwors 0. .sp ee ii. cgoorPoo 0 000 %S.: • o 6 • 0 0 0 5 • •. •0 • • 417 ,108:00 • . •:. •. • .:...... 1: %s•ole I4 ...00ze • •. • 6 — /0 • /03 0 • & • ••• ••••:44 • V* S •••••••••• S ...I': 110:S ir "7416. •..4 .0°::* °0 :7Po •• C. •-.2*.e.. 0 :OS •••• 0 • ill e.• 21 — 30 18 ..v. • 9:. , •• • eee • * • •• • •• : .61:i •;: i . •:6 31 — 50 , 6 •, • • • • • • •::e1A4;‘"ebstvii 51-100 , 3 o• -.,••••••••• ••8••• • •e • 100 Over 2 • • •• . , • • 0,• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •, ••• Go •. •• • 0• % .0 • /0 Dairy cows • •. (Di a, •• • , •0 -•41, :-. •„„ Art•47:- t5:::. 0 Posteurizafron planis .....f...%;...e .0. Se 4 •

Source: Annual Report of tha Department of Veterinary Services, 1964. DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISED PIGGERIES & POULTRY UNITS

MILES 12

44.

Breeding & Fattening

o FoItening

• Egg Product On 4- Breeding

Hatcheries

A Broilers Source: Annual Report of the Department of Veterinary Services, 1964. •

CYPRUS POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CENSUS 1960

MILES 12 12 24 MILES

Li 0 00 0 0 0 0° 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 o KYRENIA 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 4,000 0 0 0 oc) o(:)(1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O , op 0 00 0 0:020 0 _ 0 0 00 o o0 o ° (2) d, 0 0 0 0 000 O o' 0 0 00 0 0 0° 0 0 °-' 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 000 . 0 00 ° 0 00 0 NgIC6,00SHIA0:1 0 0°0 0 000 0 0 0000 0 0 0\0 0 0 0 0 ,,0 00 ° Ci) 00 0 0 O 0 0 o 0 0 N-...... FA MAGUSTA Z,) 0 0 0 - • 0 O 00o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r,0 ).--_,.0_, 0 0 0 0 35,000 0 1 8 0. 0 o I 0 00 O 0 , o f'd 0 o%0 0 o o 0 0 0 o \ 0 r5 7 0 0 0 °00 0 0. zio 0 o •,, 0 b00 0 0 000 • 0 -'. -' 6' A ° 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 ‘% 08 o 0 0 1 o 0 0`- O ‘ 0% 0 0 00 0 0 0 „ `------, 0 o gsoo o 630.. 0 oo 0 o 0 0 \1 0 Up to 600 1 0 0 o e., ,„, 0 0 8 e a,r( :d 0 " o - ° 00 0 1 15- 00 00 00 0-60 %go (i)0 c/ /0,---‘ 0 0 0 0 c O 600-2000 0 ..,--- 0 is' 0 0 -..., 00 LARNACA 0 0 0 -,..., , % o ‘, 00,..,---) -, 0 00 000 . , .00 o co ----,0-4s,0 0 °"' o o 20,000 0 ,... 0 0 Over 2000 0 08 °0 I 0 0 q) o 0 0 000 0 000 ° 0 0 0 0° %tu'fo 0 e°0 00 00 o 'e,---, ° 0 ° o ° 0 0 0° 0 o 0 oo \ * 0 o° ° ° 0 oo 00 0 Ofi Oo el o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 ° ° 0,0 o o oo °0 0 0 1,0% 0 0 0000 o 0)0 00 PAPHOS 00 o 0 0 0 9,000 0 o 0 0 .1 o o 0 ',; 0 o o 0 \c, o 00 o ° '9/ 0 o o° O 0 1000 0 0 0° ° 0 0 °0 0 ocb 00 LIMASSOL 44,000 0 Source:Dept. of Research and Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Nicosia