DOCSLIB.ORG

Forests Double Impact the Nexus Where Wildlife and Forest Crime Overlap

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forests Double Impact the Nexus Where Wildlife and Forest Crime Overlap Forests Double Impact The nexus where wildlife and forest crime overlap January 2021 Forests Above: African forest elephant ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABOUT EIA EIA UK (Loxodonta cyclotis) populations, CONTENTS 62-63 Upper Street, particularly in parts of West and This report was written and We investigate and campaign against London N1 0NY UK Central Africa, are being poached for Executive summary their highly prized ‘yellow ivory’. 4 edited by the Environmental environmental crime and abuse. T: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960 Investigation Agency (EIA). E: [email protected] Front cover design: ©EIAimage Introduction 6 This document has been produced Our undercover investigations eia-international.org with the financial assistance of expose transnational wildlife crime, Geographical nexus 8 the Foreign, Commonwealth and with a focus on elephants, pangolins EIA US Development Office (FCDO). and tigers, and forest crimes such as PO Box 53343 The contents are the sole illegal logging and deforestation for Illegal wildlife in the timber chain 22 Washington DC 20009 USA responsibility of EIA. cash crops like palm oil. We work to T: +1 202 483 6621 safeguard global marine ecosystems Deforestation and poaching 24 E: [email protected] Design: www.designsolutions.me.uk by addressing the threats posed eia-global.org by plastic pollution, bycatch and Making progress 26 commercial exploitation of whales, dolphins and porpoises. Finally, we Recommendations 28 reduce the impact of climate change by campaigning to eliminate References 30 powerful refrigerant greenhouse Environmental Investigation Agency UK gases, exposing related illicit trade UK Charity Number: 1182208 and improving energy efficiency in Company Number: 07752350 the cooling sector. Registered in England and Wales 2 Environmental Investigation Agency DOUBLE IMPACT 3 Time to act Executive summary Key policy recommendations During 2021, the Convention on Biological Diversity, EIA conducted a review of the information gathered between 2017 the UN Convention on Climate Change, a special EIA believes the UK Government, international session at the UN General Assembly on Corruption organisations and the governments of nexus and 2020 by its Wildlife and Forests teams in Africa and Asia in order hotspot countries should: and a session at the UN Convention Against to examine the relationship between wildlife and forest crime. Transnational Organised Crime all offer the 1. Recognise that a nexus between wildlife and Detailed analysis of this information revealed a relationship opportunity to make progress on wildlife and forest forest crimes exists and to support countries (or ’nexus’) between the two crime types in three key areas: crime through international action. A number of affected in order to address it as it manifests; nexus hotspot countries have also introduced new legislation in response to the coronavirus pandemic 2. Apply the Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Geographic nexus for sending illegal wildlife shipments both within and the link to zoonotic diseases – those arising Toolkit produced by the International Africa and from Africa to Asia. Traffickers may from animals – driving potential progress at the Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC) to comprehensively assess In Africa and Asia, there is a significant convergence send shipments of illegal wildlife products within national level. weaknesses and put in place action plans between illegal wildlife and illegal timber ’hotspots‘, shipments of legal timber, but they also send which are made public and which are transportation routes, processing hubs and key products within shipments of illegal timber. Asian robustly monitored and reported against; ports. EIA’s analysis further points to a geographic wildlife trafficking networks have set up timber convergence at the local level, with specific towns companies to act as fronts for their wildlife 3. Ensure that where countries can report on and cities acting as hubs for both crime types in trafficking activities in Africa. or be assessed against progress on combating hotspot countries. Transnational organised crime environmental crimes and associated groups use the same networks of corruption from Link between deforestation and the illegal enablers such as corruption and money- source to destination to facilitate the movement of wildlife trade laundering, they do so (such as the Review both illegal wildlife and forest crime products. Mechanisms for UN Convention Against In Africa and Asia, there is a significant correlation Corruption, the UN Convention Against Timber companies and timber as a concealment between deforestation and increased levels of Transnational Organised Crime and the method poaching which, in turn, often leads to higher Financial Action Task Force Mutual levels of illegal wildlife trafficking activity. Road Evaluation process); In Africa and Asia, there is a significant building by timber companies in hotspot illegal convergence between the way illegal wildlife and timber and wildlife trade countries has made 4. Take action to address corruption in ports, in illegal timber is traded and shipped. Traders within wildlife populations in those countries more concert with private sector actors operating Africa and Asia trade in both illegal wildlife and accessible to poachers and is fuelling the illegal Above: 2021 offers the international community many in and through ports. opportunities to act against illegal wildlife and timber illegal timber products. Timber is used by traffickers wildlife trade in these countries. trafficking. 4 Environmental Investigation Agency DOUBLE IMPACT 5 Introduction Following on from the London Conference on the Illegal Wildlife Trade in 2018, EIA was asked by FGMC to consider if there were opportunities that we had missed in addressing forests that may have relevance to efforts to tackle the illegal wildlife trade Why does the nexus between WFC matter? inferences. Crime hotspots, methodology trends and emerging criminality can all be identified through The international community recognises the comprehensive analysis of intelligence. This significant detrimental impacts of wildlife and analysis identifies criminal networks involved in forest crime (WFC)1 and has made commitments to environmental crime. increase the pressure on criminals engaging in these activities. As EIA noted in our 2017 report The report focuses on key species: elephants, Time for Action2 it is the implementation of these pangolins and rhinos as they represent the majority various resolutions and commitments that has of all seizures by volume4 and form the bulk of been slow. EIA’s efforts. We also reviewed data on tigers, as despite lower volumes seized in trade due to The devastating impact of COVID-19 has again smaller populations, smuggling methods used and shown governments that unsustainable ineffective enforcement in some source, transit and exploitation of the world’s flora and fauna can lead destination countries tigers are prevalent in trade to significant costs, economically and to the detected by EIA investigators and have very security of citizens. Action to address WFC would significant conservation value. help to tackle the degradation of the world’s biodiversity, adding significantly to our overall This report is not a comprehensive assessment wealth and wellbeing3. This is particularly of all available evidence on the relationship important in the context of the 15th meeting of the between wildlife and forest crime. Due to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on COVID-19 pandemic, we were unable to undertake Biodiversity (CBD CoP15) and the upcoming UN detailed fieldwork to follow up on the desk-based Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC CoP26). WFC research that has led to the findings presented. issues are also pertinent to the UN Convention The analysis is therefore, while being extensive and against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC), detailed, limited. alongside the 14th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, as well as the The frequency of references in EIA intelligence CITES Standing Committee meetings expected to reports is referred to in this report as a way of take place in the coming months and the CITES illustrating trends. By using external data sources CoP19 thereafter. and seizure data, we have triangulated these trends to make conclusions. To select a manageable pool of Methodology data, we have analysed EIA reporting from 2017 to the present. The range of countries reviewed is also This report has been informed by internal limited to those in which EIA UK is carrying out ©EIAimage intelligence and analysis of external data sources. work or has done so since 2017. This means that Information is collected by EIA from a variety of other countries which are significant sources or The role of this report Above: Pangolin scales are trafficked from Africa to Asia in large different sources, some of which are sensitive and destinations for illegal timber or illegal wildlife quantities. This trade mirrors closely the trades in other illegally sourced wildlife and timber. sourced from people actively engaged in wildlife products are not included. In concluding that a nexus between wildlife and and/or timber trafficking. EIA uses the UK’s forest crime does exist and drawing some approved intelligence grading system, as set out by Finally, when estimating illicit timber flows, we conclusions as to its extent and character, this design an effective policy response at the national the College of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rosewood) to CITES Appendix II.2 the New Listings Entered Into Force on January 2, 2017
    Original language: English CoP18 Inf. 50 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Geneva (Switzerland), 17-28 August 2019 IMPLEMENTING CITES ROSEWOOD SPECIES LISTINGS: A DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE FOR ROSEWOOD RANGE STATES This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the World Resources Institute in relation to agenda item 74.* * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. CoP18 Inf. 50 – p. 1 Draft for Comment August 2019 Implementing CITES Rosewood Species Listings A Diagnostic Guide for Rosewood Range States Charles Victor Barber Karen Winfield DRAFT August 2019 Corresponding Author: Charles Barber [email protected] Draft for Comment August 2019 INTRODUCTION The 17th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-17) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), held in South Africa during September- October 2016, marked a turning point in CITES’ treatment of timber species. While a number of tree species had been brought under CITES regulation over the previous decades1, COP-17 saw a marked expansion of CITES timber species listings. The Parties at COP-17 listed the entire Dalbergia genus (some 250 species, including many of the most prized rosewoods), Pterocarpus erinaceous (kosso, a highly-exploited rosewood species from West Africa) and three Guibourtia species (bubinga, another African rosewood) to CITES Appendix II.2 The new listings entered into force on January 2, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Precious Woods Background Paper 1
    Chatham House Workshop: Tackling the Trade in Illegal Precious Woods 23-24 April 2012 Background Paper 1: Precious Woods: Exploitation of the Finest Timber Prepared by TRAFFIC Authors: Section 1: Anna Jenkins, Neil Bridgland, Rachel Hembery & Ulrich Malessa Section 2: James Hewitt, Ulrich Malessa & Chen Hin Keong This review was commissioned from TRAFFIC by The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London UK. TRAFFIC supervised the elaboration of the review with support of Ethical Change Ltd, Llanidloes UK. The review was developed as one of three studies to explore the social and ecological impacts of trade, related exporting and importing country regulations as well as to develop recommendations to reduce the negative impacts of trade in precious woods species. Contact details of lead authors and supervisor: Section 1 & Appendices Anna Jenkins Ethical Change Ltd Tryfan, Llanidloes, SY18 6HU, Wales, UK [email protected] Section 2 James Hewitt [email protected] Section 1 & 2 (technical supervisor) Ulrich Malessa TRAFFIC WWF US 1250 24 th ST NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA [email protected] 2 Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Section 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NAMIBIAN INDIGENOUS FOREST/TIMBER INDUSTRY with REFERENCE to ZAMBIA and ANGOLA Karen Nott , Amber Nott, David Newton
    APRIL 2020 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE NAMIBIAN INDIGENOUS FOREST/TIMBER INDUSTRY WITH REFERENCE TO ZAMBIA AND ANGOLA Karen Nott , Amber Nott, David Newton Product of the first research portfolio of TRAFFIC REPORT A Critical Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of the Namibian Indigenous Forest/ Timber Industry with Reference to Zambia and Angola TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, SASSCAL, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of contributing organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Suggested citation: Nott, K., Nott, A. and Newton, D. (2020). A Critical Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of the Namibian Indigenous Forest/ Timber Industry with Reference to Zambia and Angola. TRAFFIC, Southern Africa Programme Office, Pretoria. Product of the first research portfolio of SASSCAL SASSCAL 2012-2018 Published by: TRAFFIC, Southern Africa Programme Office, Pretoria ISBN: 978-1-911646-17-4 © TRAFFIC 2020. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC.
    [Show full text]
  • CITES and Timber (PDF)
    This guide covers the main timber species regulated CITES and Timber by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It provides information CITES and Timber on the key issues regarding the implementation of the Convention for this important group of plants. A guide to CITES-listed tree species Written for the non-expert, individual sections cover the species found in significant trade, with details on their distribution, uses, traded parts and derivatives, and scientific and common names. Madeleine Groves Madeleine Groves Additional sections cover timber identification and measurement, guidance on CITES documentation and key resources. and Catherine Rutherford shop.kew.org/kewbooksonline Madeleine Groves Catherine Rutherford CITES and Timber A guide to CITES-listed tree species Madeleine Groves Catherine Rutherford © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2015 Illustrations and photographs © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, unless otherwise stated in the captions The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher unless in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. Great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of the information contained in this work. However, neither the publisher, the editors nor authors can be held responsible for any consequences arising from use of the information contained herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Hardwood Flows in China: Case Studies of Rosewood and Okoumé
    Tropical Hardwood Flows in China: Case Studies of Rosewood and Okoumé Huang Wenbin and Sun Xiufang With support from: Sponsoring Institutions While these organizations have provided financial support for this research, they are not responsible for the content of this publication, nor do the findings and views presented herein necessarily represent British or German government views or policy. Acknowledgements This study builds on the project "Chinese trade and investment in Africa: Assessing and governing trade-offs to national economies, local livelihoods and forest ecosystems," funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ-GIZ-BEAF Contract No. 81121785) and implemented by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). The authors wish to express their gratitude to all those who supported the project and made the research possible. Special thanks go to Madam Lin Xiaping who contributed greatly to the field visits as well as to the review and editing of the draft report in Chinese. We are grateful to Andreas Wilkes and Anne Terheggen at ICRAF, who made tremendous efforts to help shape the report and also provided valuable inputs in reviewing and editing the whole paper. We also thank all the key informants who sacrificed their time to share their invaluable knowledge and contacts with us. Last but certainly not least, we thank all the companies and individuals who participated in this study. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Forests to the Foreigners: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Gabon
    land Article Forests to the Foreigners: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Gabon Danielle D. Legault 1,* and Logan Cochrane 1,2 1 Global and International Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [email protected] 2 College of Public Policy, HBKU, Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: For the past decade, the land rush discourse has analyzed foreign investment in land and agriculture around the world, with Africa being a continent of particular focus due to the scale of acquisitions that have taken place. Gabon, a largely forested state in Central Africa, has been neglected in the land rush conversations, despite having over half of its land allocated to forestry, agriculture, and mining concessions. This paper draws on existing evidence and contributes new empirical data through expert interviews to fill this critical knowledge gap. We situate Gabon’s historic relationship with land, establishing the intrinsic relationship between colonial land tenure systems and present-day land rights. Our findings analyze the macro context of investors and investments, as well as the impacts related to rural–urban linkages and infrastructure development into the forests, civil society, human–environment relationships, and certification programs. While challenges continue to be experienced, the promise of Gabon’s first national land use plan—the use of sustainable concessions and mandatory forestry certification—offers a unique opportunity for Gabon to transition towards a future that better benefits its population while also protecting its natural resources. Citation: Legault, D.D.; Cochrane, L. Keywords: Gabon; Africa; forests; Congo Basin; land rush; land grabbing; large-scale land acquisitions Forests to the Foreigners: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Gabon.
    [Show full text]
  • Mukula (Rosewood)
    Informality, global capital, rural development and the environment: Mukula (rosewood) trade between China and Zambia Paolo Omar Cerutti, Davison Gumbo, Kaala Moombe, George Schoneveld, Robert Nasi, Nils Bourland and Xiaoxue Weng About the authors Paolo Omar Cerutti* (PhD) is a Senior Scientist at CIFOR Nairobi, with a background in forestry and environmental governance. He works on sustainable forest management of tropical production forests, forest certification, timber and wood energy value chains and timber trade. Davison Gumbo (PhD) is a Regional Scientist at CIFOR Lusaka, Zambia, whose research focuses on social and ecological linkages with an emphasis on sustainable livelihoods and impacts on the forests. He has a background in geography, ecology and international development. His past research has mostly been in Eastern and Southern Africa. Kaala Moombe (PhD candidate, Wageningen University) is a Researcher at CIFOR Lusaka, Zambia, with a background in forestry and forest products marketing. His current research focus and interest include the political economy of participatory forest landscapes management and wood energy value chains. George Schoneveld (PhD) is a Senior Scientist at CIFOR Nairobi, Kenya, with a background in economics and human geography. His research is focused on the political economy and sustainable development trade-offs of different types of agricultural, timber, and minerals production systems in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Robert Nasi (PhD) is CIFOR’s Director General. His particular research interests are the sustainable use of forest products and the multiple-use management of tropical forests. His scientific work is aiming at integrating social and biological sciences for better management of tropical forests, more sustainable livelihoods and better designed forest policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnopharmacological Assessment of Guibourtia Coleosperma and Diospyros Chamaethamnus Extracts As Alternative Treatment Options
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GUIBOURTIA COLEOSPERMA AND DIOSPYROS CHAMAETHAMNUS EXTRACTS AS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MALARIA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY CHARWAN IWANETTE DU PREEZ (200631489) OCTOBER 2016 Main Supervisor: Dr. D.R. Mumbengegwi (Multidisciplinary Research Centre) Co-supervisor: Dr. R.A. Böck (Department of Biological Sciences) ii ABSTRACT Malaria, a parasitic infectious disease, remains one of the world’s foremost health concerns, even more so in developing countries. Much progress has been made in fighting the disease, particularly in Southern Africa where four countries (Namibia included) have targeted malaria elimination by 2020. Challenges such as the absence of a vaccine, resistance to insecticides, and particularly the emergence of resistance to current antimalarial treatment regimens threaten to undermine the current successes in malaria control efforts. Secondly, the lack of access and acceptance of conventional antimalarial treatment by populations in malaria endemic areas reduces the feasibility of eliminating and consequently eradicating malaria. Local communities in Namibia use plant-based medicines to treat malaria and malaria associated symptoms based on traditional observations or beliefs over decades. As to whether these plants are efficacious for the indication and cause toxicity is yet to be validated scientifically. The aims of this study were, therefore, to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts of two Namibian plant species to provide a scientific rationale for their traditional uses. Guibourtia coleosperma and Diospyros chamaethamnus, which are used to alleviate symptoms of malaria in Namibia, were investigated using phytochemical analyses, and in vitro and in vivo bioassays.
    [Show full text]
  • NAMIBIAN INDIGENOUS FOREST/TIMBER INDUSTRY with REFERENCE to ZAMBIA and ANGOLA Karen Nott , Amber Nott, David Newton
    NOVEMBER 2019 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE NAMIBIAN INDIGENOUS FOREST/TIMBER INDUSTRY WITH REFERENCE TO ZAMBIA AND ANGOLA Karen Nott , Amber Nott, David Newton Product of the first research portfolio of TRAFFIC REPORT A Critical Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of the Namibian Indigenous Forest/ Timber Industry with Reference to Zambia and Angola TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the organisations contributing to this report. The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of contributing organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Suggested citation: Nott, K., Nott, A. and Newton, D. (2019). A Critical Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of the Namibian Indigenous Forest/ Timber Industry with Reference to Zambia and Angola. TRAFFIC, Southern Africa Programme Office, Pretoria. Product of the first research portfolio of SASSCAL SASSCAL 2012-2018 Published by: TRAFFIC, Southern
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Woods Utilized in Maine -1969
    FOREIGN WOODS UTILIZED IN MAINE -1969 Norman P. Kutscha LL. Emery TECHNICAL BULLETIN 45 NOVEMBER 1970 LIFE SCIENCES AND AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT ORONO Acknowledgment The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the re­ view of this bulletin by Dr. Harold A. Core, Professor of Forestry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Ten­ nessee. Cover Photograph: Goncalo alves i>> currently being machined into plane handles (lower right, unstained), brace handles (top, stained) and drill han­ dles (left, stained). CONTENTS Introduction 3 Procedure 3 Conclusions 11 Appendices I. Letter of Transmittal and Questionnaire 13 II. Possible Species 15 III. Aggregate Volumes 17 IV. Definition of Terms and Species Descriptions 18 V. Bibliography of Selected Publications 64 Contents of Appendix African mahogany 19 Balsa 20 Beefwood Bulletwood 21 Bulletwood, Asian 22 Brazilian mahogany Andiroba 23 Albarco 24 Vinhatico 25 Bubinga 26 Gancalo alves 27 Greenheart Greenheart 28 Dika 29 Guayacan. Bethabara 30 Okan 31 Imbuia 32 Mahogany, genuine 33 Obeche 34 Okoume 35 Peroba Peroba rosa 36 White peroba 37 Philippine mahogany Light Red Almon 3§ Bagtikan 39 Mayapis 40 White lauan 4j Dark Red Red lauan 42 Tanguile 43 Guijo 44 Laumbayau 45 Maranggo 46 Ramin 47 Rosewood Brazilian rosewood 48 Honduras rosewood 49 Amazon rosewood 50 Cocobolo 51 Brazilian tulip wood 52 East Indian rosewood 53 Amyris wood 54 Rosamay 55 Tracwood 56 Sapele Sapele 57 Sipo 58 Spanish cedar 59 Teak, genuine 60 Wenge 61 Zebrawood Okwen 62 Balaustre 63 FOREIGN WOODS UTILIZED IN MAINE - 1969' N. P. Kutscha- and L. L. Emery3 Introduction Over the past decade, there have been definite trends toward in­ creasing importation of foreign woods into the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full Reportpdf, 1.9 MB, Opens in New Window
    VKM Report 2016: 38 Assessment of species listing proposals for CITES CoP17 Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2016: 38 Assessment of listing proposals for CITES CoP17 Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 26.07.2016 ISBN: 978-82-8259-228-4 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) Po 4404 Nydalen N – 0403 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] www.vkm.no www.english.vkm.no Suggested citation: VKM (2016) Assessment of listing proposals for CITES CoP17. Scientific Opinion on the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Opinion of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, ISBN: 978-82-8259-228-4, Oslo, Norway. VKM Report 2016: 38 Assessment of species listing proposals for CITES CoP17 Authors preparing the draft opinion Eli Knispel Rueness (chair), Maria G. Asmyhr (VKM staff), Siobhan Dennison (Australian Museum), Anders Endrestøl (NINA), Jan Ove Gjershaug, Inger Elisabeth Måren (UIB). (Authors in alphabetical order after chair of the working group) Assessed and approved The opinion has been assessed and approved by Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Members of the panel are: Vigdis Vandvik (chair), Hugo de Boer, Jan Ove Gjershaug, Kjetil Hindar, Lawrence R. Kirkendall, Nina Elisabeth Nagy, Anders Nielsen, Eli K. Rueness, Odd Terje Sandlund, Kjersti Sjøtun, Hans Kristen Stenøien, Gaute Velle.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Logging SSA By
    proceeds. It is estimated5 (by Chatham Illegal Logging in SSA by FCN House), that around 30% of the worlds timber Forests are home to about 80% of the world’s production (from 9 main tropical forest terrestrial biodiversity and are under threat, producer countries) is illicit and that nearly with rates of deforestation at unsustainable 10% of imports into consumer countries are levels. A significant contributor is due to from illegal sources. In some tropical forest illegal logging carried out by criminal countries illicit production reaches levels of enterprises fuelled and 50-90%, for example Total Criminal Proceeds in Sub facilitated by corruption. Chatham House believes Saharan Africa in US$ Billions FCN 2020 that illegal logging is In Africa, 90% of wood endemic in Cameroon consumed is used for wood approximately (65%), Ghana Mining Fishing fuel or charcoal, which 10 2.5 Wildlife (70%), Republic of Congo generated US$6.1–24.5 billion 2 Goods Piracy 9 (75%) and DRC (90%). The 1 in 2013 , and 90% is produced Logging 12.5 largest 3 countries importing in tropical areas, where illegal Modern Slavery 8.3 logging from Ghana (India, 2 logging is at its highest For Drugs China, US) are from Theft 3 East, Central and West Africa, 15 Cameroon, (China, Vietnam, the net profits from dealing US), from Ghana (China, and taxing unregulated, illicit Timber Exports from SSA - World Bank - 2018 India, US), from Republic of or illegal charcoal combined Congo (Vietnam, France, is estimated at a range of South Africa China) & from DRC (Vietnam, Sweden 3 11% Germany US$2.4–9 billion , including 11% 4% Portugal US, China).
    [Show full text]