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Fish Culture r DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES ANNUAL REPORT ON FISH CULTURE 1944 OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1946 ANNUAL REPORT ON FISH CULTURE By J. A. RODD, Director of Fish Culture Fish cultural operations in 1944 were carried on by the Department of Fisheries in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island where the • fisheries are entirely, or to a large extent, under federal administration. Thir- teen main hatcheries, five rearing stations, six salmon retaining ponds and several egg collecting camps were operated with a total output from these establishments of 18,501,600, over 75 per cent of which were distributed in the fingerling and older stages. The output by species, hatcheries and provinces was:— STATEMENT BY SPECIES OF THE FISH DISTRIBUTED DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1944 Yearlings Total Advanced Fingerlings— Species Fry fry, and older distribution Salmo salar-Atlantic salmon 340,000 3,834,890 9,688,900 84,151 13,947,941 Salmo fario-Brown trout - 6,460 6,460 Salmo rivularis Kamloops-Kamloops trout 15,500 15,500 Salmo irideus-Rainbow trout 394,786 3 394,789 Salmo salar sebago-Sebago salmon 3,700 19,093 22,793 Salvelinus fontinalis-Speckled trout 50,000 307,160 3,659,035 97,996 4,114,191 390,000 4,142,050 13,768,381 201,243 18,501,674 3 50466—li HATCHERIES AND REARING STATIONS OPERATED, THEIR LOCATION, DATE ESTABLISHED, THE SPECIES AND THE NUMBER OF EACH SPECIES DISTRIBUTED FROM EACH ESTABLISHMENT DURING 1944 • Fingerlings Year- Total Total Estab- Advanced lings distri- distri. fished Hatchery Location Species Fry fry No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 and bution by bution by older species hatcheries 1929 Antigonish St. Andrews, N.S Atlantic salmon 435,000 340,000 55,000 67,700 897,700 Speckled trout 210,000 1,370,000 157,200 102,600 21,285 13,912 1,874,997 2,772,697 1876 Bedford Bedford, N.S Atlantic salmon 71,890 16,270 88,160 Brown trout 6,460 6,460 Speckled trout 2,980 2,980 97,600 1937 Cobequid Jackson, N.S Atlantic salmon 15,750 15,750 Speckled trout 24,000 38,250 12,050 1,600 75,900 91,650 1938 Coldbrook (f) Coldbrook, N.S Atlantic salmon 88,080 3,110 91,190 Rainbow trout 143,302 3,523 146,825 238,015 1936 Grand Lake (f).... Wellington Station, N.S Atlantic salmon.. 275,000 70,000 59,169 404,169 Sebago salmon 5,316 5,316 Speckled trout 39,770 39,770 449,255 1937 Kejimkujik (f) New Grafton, N.S Atlantic salmon 202,910 202,910 Speckled trout 330 1,094 1,424 204,334 1912 Lindloff St. Peters, N.S Atlantic salmon 710,000 73,000 783,000 Speckled trout 140,500 185,060 27,430 606 791 354,387 1,137,387 1902 Margaree N.E. Margaree, N.S Atlantic salmon.. 340,000 390,000 550,000 310,000 540,000 2,130,000 Speckled trout 357,000 230,000 150,000 108,000 34,900 9,195 889,095 3,019,095 1935 Mersey River (f)... Liverpool, N.S Atlantic salmon 168,700 168,700 Speckled trout 5,220 5,290 173,920 1913 Middleton Middleton, Annapolis County, N.S Atlantic salmon 390,000 50,000 440,000 Kamloops trout 8,000 7,500 15,500 Rainbow trout 58,067 5,154 63,221 518,721 1929 Yarmouth South Ohio, N.S Atlantic salmon 100,000 55,000 85,000 129,500 19,710 389,210 Speckled trout 73,160 1,679 74,839 464,049 1939 Charlo River Charlo, N.B Atlantic salmon 151,800 759,820 47,500 959,120 Speckled trout 25,000 6,700 5,240 36,940 996,060 1928 Florenceville Florenceville, N.B Atlantic salmon 1,320,000 80,000 40,000 24,982 1,464,982 Speckled trout 170,520 18,467 188,987 1,653,969 1880 Grand Falls Grand Falls, N.B Atlantic salmon 400,000 690,000 655,000 196,440 1,941,440 Speckled trout 20,000 51,490 71,490 2,012,930 1874 Miramichi South Esk. N.B Atlantic salmon 2,538,000 680,000 118,090 3,336,090 Speckled trout 20,000 12,300 32,300 3,368,390 1914 Saint John Saint John, N.B Atlantic salmon 314,000 9,040 323,040 Rainbow trout 45,000 36,500 15,710 3 97,213 Sebago salmon 3,700 13,777 17,477 Speckled trout 30,000 3,830 177,500 14,182 225,512 663,242 1938 Cardigan (f) Cardigan, P.E.I Atlantic salmon.. 69,650 69,650 Rainbow trout 87,530 87,530 Speckled trout 134,490 134,490 291,670 1906 Kelly's Pond Southport, P.E.I Atlantic salmon 237,000 5,830 242,830 Speckled trout 39,000 65,265 1,595 105,860 348,690 390,000 4,142,050 6,729,470 3,657,805 2,832,348 468,792 79,966 201,243 18,501,674 18,501,674 (f) Rearing station. The fry and fingerlings included in this distribution were from collections in the autumn of 1943 and the spring of 1944. HATCHERY OUTPUT, BY PROVINCES OF FRY, FINGERLINGS, YEARLINGS AND OLDER FISH DURING 1944 Fingerlings Total Total Advanced Yearlings distri- distri- Fry and fry bution by bution by older No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 species province Nova Scotia- Atlantic salmon 340,000 896,890 1,110,100 1,130,000 1,729,310 325,610 19,710 59,169 5,610,789 Brown trout 6,460 6,460 Kamloops trout 8,000 7,500 15,500 Rainbow trout 201,369 8,677 210,046 Sebago salmon 5,316 5,316 Speckled trout 307,160 1,908,730 584,640 282,724 134,505 35,506 65,347 3,318,612 340,000 1,204,050 3,026,830 1,728,600 2,213,403 468,792 55,216 129,832 9,166,723 9,166,723 New Brunswick- Atlantic salmon 2,938,000 3,155,800 1,612,910 283,940 9,040 24,982 8,024,672 Rainbow trout 45,000 36,500 15,710 3 97,213 Sebago salmon 3,700 13,777 17,477 Speckled trout 50,000 270,840 196,500 5,240 32,649 555,229 50,000 2,938,000 3,426,640 1,858,110 325,680 24,750 71,411 8,694,591 8,694,591 Prince Edward Island- Atlantic salmon 237,000 5,830 69,650 312,480 Rainbow trout 87,530 87,530 Speckled trout 39,000 65,265 136,085 240,350 276,000 71,095 293,265 640,360 640,360 18,501,674 6 NUTRITIONAL EXPERIMENTS Nutritional experiments were continued as usual with fingerlings and enlarged to take in greater numbers of parent speckled trout. Rations that proved least efficient last year were discarded and several new ones added. In the experiments with fingerlings 15 different ingredients were used in various compositions and 78 tests made during the year. With parent stock 13 different ingredients were used and 25 tests made. Some of the rations used gave promising results at some hatcheries from the standpoint of survival, growth and cost of ration to produce a pound of fish. Most of the experimental feeding was with speckled trout. CHARLOILN, COUNTY LAKES EXPERIMENT In continuation of the Charlotte County Lakes experiment, a co-operative effort between the Fish Cultural Branch and the Atlantic Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board, the closures were removed and creel censuses were taken in Crecy, St. Patrick, Gibson and Welch lakes; and St. Patrick and Crecy lakes were stocked respectively with 1,060 and 675 marked speckled trout yearlings. The creel census returns of 1944 again indicated poor productivity in the lakes with yields per acre of 1.93 pounds in Crecy lake and its outlet pond, 1.39 pounds in Crecy lake only, and less than a pound per acre in St. Patrick, Gibson, and Welch lakes. The extremely low production per acre in all eight lakes, as shown by the following summary, confirms the need of determining means to improve the fertility or productive capacity for trout in these and other lakes of similar type in the Maritime Provinces. Lakes Census Year Yield per acre (pounds) Limeburner 1942 0.4 1943 0.1 (approximate) Bonaparte 1942 1.1 Johnson 1941 0.9 1942 0.1 (approximate) Kerr 1941 0.4 1942 0.2 St. Patrick 1943 0.7 (approximate) 1944 0.98 (approximate) Crecy 1943 2.0 Crecy and outlet pond 1944 1.93 (approximate) Welch 1944 0.58 Gibson 1944 0.76 (approximate) SELECTIVE BREEDING Selective breeding of speckled trout was continued to develop such charac- teristics as increased vitality, high yield, rapid growth, early spawning, coloura- tion and general appearance. Outstanding pairs at the different hatcheries are mated and their progeny segregated. The progeny of the pairs in which survival is highest is retained for brood stock and periodically selected so long as they are profitable egg producers. The eggs of some of the pairs in which survival is highest at the eyed egg stage are exchanged by the several hatcheries. The average yield of the selected pairs and of the general groups are indicated in the reports of the respective hatcheries. The range of small mouthed black bass in the Maritime Provinces was further extended by the transfers of adults from Lake Utopia, Charlotte County, N.B., to Micmac Lake, Halifax County, N.S., and to Shaw Lake, Saint John County, N.B.
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