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Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington

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Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington Concise Historic Building Report for Warrington Borough Council April 2020 ii Donald Insall Associates | Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington Contents 1.0 Summary of Concise Historic Building Report 1 2.0 Historical Background 3 3.0 Site Survey Descriptions 8 4.0 Assessment of Significance 15 5.0 Commentary on the Proposals 18 Appendix I - Statutory List Description 20 Appendix II - Planning Policy and Guidance 24 Contact information Vicky Webster (Senior Historic Buildings Advisor) E: [email protected] Richard Pougher (Assistant Researcher) E: [email protected] Manchester Office 68 Quay Street Manchester, M3 3EJ T: 0161 359 4326 www.insall-architects.co.uk This report and all intellectual property rights in it and arising from it are the property of or are under licence to Donald Insall Associates or the client. Neither the whole nor any part of this report, nor any drawing, plan, other document or any information contained within it may be reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of Donald Insall Associates or the client as appropriate. All material in which the intellectual property rights have been licensed to DIA or the client and such rights belong to third parties may not be published or reproduced at all in any form, and any request for consent to the use of such material for publication or reproduction should be made directly to the owner of the intellectual property rights therein. Checked by VJP. Ordnance Survey map reproduced under Licence 100020449 1.0 Summary of Concise Historic Building Report 1.1 Introduction Donald Insall Associates was commissioned by Warrington Borough Council to assist them in proposals for the Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall. Due to COVID-19, the investigation has comprised desk-top historical research, using secondary material, and a site inspection (carried out in December 2019). A brief illustrated history of the site and building, with sources of reference and bibliography, is in Section 2; the site survey findings are in Section 3. The investigation has established the significance of the building, which is set out in Section 4. Historic buildings are protected by law and in planning policy; the specific constraints for this building are summarised below. This report has been drafted to inform the design of proposals for the building, so that they comply with these requirements. Section 5 provides an assessment of the scheme according to the relevant legislation, planning policy and guidance. 1.2 The Building and its Legal Status Warrington Town Hall is a Grade I listed 18th century building located in the Town Hall Conservation Area in the Warrington. It is in the setting of a number of listed heritage assets: • Western Outbuilding To Town Hall (Grade I); • Eastern Outbuilding To Town Hall (Grade I); • The Golden Gates – listed as ‘Entrance Gates, Piers and Lamps’(Grade II*); • Lamps On East And West Drives Of Town Hall (Grade II*); • Borough Treasurer’s Office And Bank House (Grade II); • Pair Of K6 Telephone Kiosks (Grade II); • Post Office (Grade II); • Health Office (Grade II). Alterations to a listed building generally require listed building consent; development in conservation areas or within the setting of a listed building or conservation area requires local authorities to assess the implications of proposals on built heritage. The statutory list description of the listed building is included in Appendix I and a summary of guidance on the conservation area provided by the local planning authority is in Appendix II, along with extracts from the relevant legislation and planning policy documents. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 is the legislative basis for decision-making on applications that relate to the historic environment. Sections 66 and 72 of the Act impose statutory duties upon local planning authorities which, with regard to listed buildings, require the planning authority to have ‘special regard 1 to the desirability of preserving the listed building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’ and, in respect of conservation areas, that ‘special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area’. In considering applications for listed building consent, local authorities are also required to consider the policies on the historic environment set out in the National Planning Policy Framework. The key message of the NPPF is the concept of ‘sustainable development’ which for the historic environment means that heritage assets ‘should be conserved in a manner appropriate to their significance’. The NPPF recognises that, in some cases, the significance of a designated heritage asset can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. The NPPF therefore states that any harm or loss to a designated heritage asset ‘should require clear and convincing justification’ and that any ‘less than substantial’ harm caused to the significance of a designated heritage asset should be weighed against the benefits of the proposal including, where appropriate, securing its optimum viable use. A designated heritage asset is defined as a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area. 2 Donald Insall Associates | Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington 2.0 Historical Background 2.1 Brief History of Warrington Adjacent to the River Mersey and surrounded by fertile land, Warrington was established by the Roman occupation of Britain. An emerging textile and tool industry helped establish Warrington as a market town in the Middle Ages, and growth continued well into the post-medieval period. The navigation of the Mersey as far as Warrington was improved in the late-17th century, connecting the town to the port of Liverpool and its burgeoning international trade. Intensification of industries throughout the 19th century transformed the town into a manufacturing hub, which included steel production, brewing, textiles, tanning and chemicals. This was strengthened by its location on both the west coast railway line, the Liverpool and Manchester line, and proximity to the Manchester Ship Canal (1885-94).1 In 1972, Warrington was designated a ‘New Town’. A number of new suburban housing developments for workers were built as a result, industries were revived and new ones established and by the turn of the 21st century Warrington had become a key employment area in the North West. It is now home to numerous businesses specialising in nuclear energy, engineering, logistics and software development.2 2.2 The Building: Warrington Town Hall 2.2.1 Bank Hall The Town Hall was built as Bank Hall, a substantial house for the industrialist Thomas Patten, in 1749-50, scion of a successful family of copper smelters. It was designed by the influential architect, James Gibbs, as a highly fashionable house on the edge of the town. The building is a fine example of Palladian Classicism, complete with the Patten coat of arms within the pediment and detached flanking service wings – stables to the west and offices to the east.3 The Hall was of three storeys and nine bays, faced in red brick with contrasting stone dressings [Plate 2.1]. The central three bays formed a grand portico including four tall columns supporting the large pediment and arched Gibbs-style surrounds for the main doorway and flanking windows. A striking open staircase lead to the piano nobile – the stair, basement and central bays all of painted rusticated stonework. Internally, the Hall was finished with high quality Rococo plasterwork and joinery. At the rear of the building facing the garden, at first floor level were the music room to the west, the saloon in the centre and the ladies’ retiring room to the east. Also on the first floor were the dining room and reading room. The second floor was occupied by bedrooms and living apartments while the ground floor was used for the kitchens and stores.4 The industrial origins of the Patten family’s wealth was reflected in the construction of the house – with copper slag being used for the foundations and the glazing bars made from a copper-iron alloy. 1 Keystone Heritage, Heritage Statement, pp.9-10. 2 Warrington Borough Council, A brief history of Warrington. 3 Pevsner, Lancashire: Liverpool and the South West, pp. 611-12. 4 Warrington Borough Council, History of Warrington Town Hall. 3 2.1 Warrington Town Hall from the south (Warrington Borough Council) 2.2 1849 Ordnance Survey map (NLS) with site marked in red 4 Donald Insall Associates | Council Chamber at Warrington Town Hall, Sankey St, Warrington As was fitting for a house of its status, Bank Hall was also laid out with landscaped gardens, though not on the same scale as larger contemporary country houses. The earliest cartographic evidence of the Hall and its grounds is the 1849 Ordnance Survey map, which shows an open area of grassland to the south of the house and two driveways leading off Sankey Street [Plate 2.2]. To the north, a more expansive layout of paths, drives, trees and an ornamental body of water, interspersed with ancillary buildings to serve the small estate. 2.2.2 Warrington Town Hall The continuing growth of Warrington throughout the 19th century turned the Bank Quay area into an increasingly industrialised, less desirable area. The expanding town also required better civic governance, however, and in 1872 Bank Hall was sold to the Borough in 1872 for use as the new town hall. By the time of the 1893 Ordnance Survey map, Bank Hall had been transformed from an extravagant private house into the focus of a new civic centre, including a public park, Bank Park to the west and new public baths and a drill hall to the east [Plate 2.3].
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