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Desk-Based Assessment Report T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S Land at Shipton Road, Woodstock, Oxfordshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment by Steve Preston Site Code SWO14/131 (SP4570 1630) Land at Shipton Road, Woodstock, Oxfordshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment for Pye Homes Ltd by Steve Preston Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code SWO 14/131 November 2014 Summary Site name: Land at Shipton Road, Woodstock, Oxfordshire Grid reference: SP4570 1630 Site activity: Archaeological desk-based assessment Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Steve Preston Site code: SWO14/131 Area of site: c. 70 ha Summary of results: The Scheduled Ancient Monument of Blenheim (or Begbroke) Villa is wholly within the proposal area. Discovered from aerial photographs, this site has seen limited excavation which revealed well-preserved walls and other features, set within an enclosure complex, with the potential for floors to be preserved at greater depth than has yet been explored, but in fact relatively little is known for certain about the extent of this complex. Finds of Roman and medieval material are also recorded from this field. The site is also adjacent to Blenheim Park, a registered park, within which is the World Heritage Site, Blenheim Palace. More generally the entire site may have the potential to contain further, as yet unrecorded, remains of almost any period. Given this high archaeological potential, further information will certainly be required on the presence/absence of previously unrecorded heritage assets across the site, to allow an informed decision to be reached on the heritage implications of the proposal; and to permit the development to be designed to minimize its impact on the known or any hitherto unknown heritage assets. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp. Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 21.07.14 i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email: [email protected]; website: www.tvas.co.uk Land at Shipton Road, Woodstock, Oxfordshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment by Steve Preston Report 14/131 Introduction This report is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a large parcel of land located off Shipton Road, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, centred on NGR SP 4570 1630 (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Steve Pickles of West Waddy ADP LLP, The Malthouse, 60 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 5EB on behalf of Pye Homes and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by development of the area. A planning application is being prepared for submission to Cherwell District Council and West Oxfordshire District Council (the site incorporates areas within both) for mixed residential and commercial use. An assessment of the archaeological potential of the land has been requested in order both to inform the planning process and to influence the design of the scheme. Site description, location and geology The proposal covers two elements, a main development site and a pipeline route. The main site currently consists wholly of arable land. The proposed development area is centred on NGR, SP457 163 and covers around 70ha. It is bounded by Shipton Road to the north, Upper Campsfield Road to the east, Oxford Road (the A44) to the south and by properties forming the eastern edge of Woodstock to the west. Small occupied areas within the larger area of the overall site are excluded. The majority of the site is located on Cornbrash geology, but the south-western portion is mapped as on Forest marble (clay with limestone) (BGS 1982). It is at a height of approximately 90m above Ordnance Datum, sloping down from west to east. The site was under a moderately tall crop when visited in June 2014, and thus was viewed only from the perimeter (Pls 1-2) but from this perspective it appeared essentially level with no undulations nor sign of a mound. The crop may, however, have masked minor local variations in the level of the underlying ground. The pipeline route, to take foul drainage to a sewage treatment works, traverses agricultural land to the north of the main site on its way to the sewage works to the north-west. 1 Planning background and development proposals A planning application is being prepared for submission to Cherwell District Council and West Oxfordshire District Council (the site incorporates areas within both) for mixed residential and commercial use. No details of the proposal had been finalized at time of writing, and the results of the archaeological assessment would be used of influence the design and location of the scheme. The Department for Communities and Local Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012) sets out the framework within which local planning authorities should consider the importance of conserving, or enhancing, aspects of the historic environment, within the planning process. It requires an applicant for planning consent to provide, as part of any application, sufficient information to enable the local planning authority to assess the significance of any heritage assets that may be affected by the proposal. The Historic Environment is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as: ‘All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora.’ Paragraphs 128 and 129 state that ‘128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. ‘129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.’ A ‘heritage asset’ is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as ‘A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).’ ‘Designated heritage asset’ includes (NPPF 2012, 51) any ‘World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area designated under the relevant legislation.’ ‘Archaeological interest’ is glossed (NPPF 2012, 50) as follows: 2 ‘There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.’ Specific guidance on assessing significance and the impact of the proposal is contained in paragraphs 131 to 135: ‘131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: • the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; • the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and • the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness. ‘132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage
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