DOCSLIB.ORG

The Peri-Urban Leopards of Kathmandu: Assessing Determinants of Presence and Predation on Domestic Animals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Peri-Urban Leopards of Kathmandu: Assessing Determinants of Presence and Predation on Domestic Animals The peri-urban leopards of Kathmandu: assessing determinants of presence and predation on domestic animals A SHISH B ISTA,PRANAV C HANCHANI N ARESH S UBEDI and S IDDHARTHA B. BAJRACHARYA Abstract The conservation of large carnivores in human- Introduction dominated landscapes needs to be reconciled with the safety of humans and domestic animals. This is especially true for umans and large carnivores co-occur extensively where the leopard Panthera pardus, which occurs extensively in Hurban areas expand into or surround wildlife habitats agricultural landscapes and remnant forest tracts embedded (Zérah, ). Although large mammals do not always persist within peri-urban areas such as Kathmandu district in in areas with high anthropogenic pressure (Woodroffe, ; Nepal. We carried out interviews in households in this Ripple et al., ), they sometimes adapt to human-modified district to determine the extent of leopard habitat use and habitats including the edges of populous towns and farm- predation on domestic animals (dogs and goats) during lands, often sheltering, feeding and breeding in such areas October –April . We used multi-state occupancy (Gehrt, ; Beckmann & Lackey, ; Bateman & models, and estimated probabilities of leopard habitat use Fleming, ; Athreya et al., ; Odden et al., ). The conservation of large carnivores presents a conundrum (Ψ) and predation on domestic animals (Ψ) as a function of covariates, while accounting for imperfect detection. Our for wildlife managers and local administrators who are findings indicate that the rapidly urbanizing outskirts of tasked with protecting wildlife and ensuring the safety of Kathmandu city are used extensively by leopards. The esti- local communities (Allendorf, ). This task is especially mated probability of fine-scale habitat use in km sample challenging when carnivores occur on privately owned land units was . ± SE . and the probability of predation (Enserink & Vogel, ), where there is an elevated risk of on domestic animals was . ± SE .. Leopard attacks negative interactions with people (Nyhus & Tilson, ). occurred in areas with high vegetation cover and abundant The leopard Panthera pardus commonly occurs in close goats. Addressing the problem of leopard attacks on domes- proximity to human settlements (Odden & Wegge, ; tic animals will require developing a comprehensive mit- Odden et al., ). There are many drivers for leopard igation plan that includes educational activities to raise occurrence in human-dominated landscapes, including habi- awareness, measures to address grievances of affected local tat fragmentation, wild prey depletion, attraction to domestic communities, interventions to prevent attacks on livestock, animals as easy prey and competitive displacement as a compensation programmes, and rapid response teams to result of inter- or intra-species interactions (Seidensticker, ensure human and animal welfare in conflict-prone areas. ; Odden et al., ; Ripple et al., ). Several studies Land-use planning in these peri-urban landscapes needs show that home ranges of leopards sometimes overlap to facilitate the safe sharing of space between people and partially or completely with human-use areas (e.g. Odden ’ leopards. et al., , ), which is facilitated by the species dietary plasticity. Leopards readily adapt to prey on domestic ani- Keywords Carnivore conservation, habitat use, human– mals, particularly dogs, which may comprise as much as leopard conflict, Kathmandu, leopard, occupancy models, % of their diet (Karanth & Sunquist, ; Edgaonkar Panthera pardus, urban wildlife & Chellam, ; Dickman & Marker, ; Athreya et al., ; Kumbhojkar et al., ). Predation of domestic animals by leopards is common across many Asian and African range countries (Kissui, ; Dar et al., ; Khorozyan et al., ; Kshettry ASHISH BISTA* (Corresponding author) and PRANAV CHANCHANI World Wide et al., ). Such predation, especially on livestock, causes Fund for Nature, 172-B Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, 110003, India economic losses (Dar et al., ), can affect the livelihoods E-mail [email protected] and social well-being of people (Barua et al., ; Kshettry NARESH SUBEDI and SIDDHARTHA B. BAJRACHARYA National Trust for Nature Conservation, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal et al., ), engenders negative attitudes of people towards carnivores (Megaze et al., ) and may catalyse retaliatory *Previously at: National Trust for Nature Conservation, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal killing by poisoning or other means (Ogada et al., ). – Received January . Revision requested March . In Nepal, human leopard conflict is a serious issue Accepted May . (Acharya et al., ). Adverse interactions with humans This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, Downloadeddistribution, from https://www.cambridge.org/core and reproduction in any medium,. IP address: provided 170.106.35.93 the original work, onis 26 properly Sep 2021 cited. at 14:32:03, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/termsOryx, Page 1 of 10 © The Author(s),. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605320000423 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605320000423 2 A. Bista et al. are more likely when leopards occur in densely populated Here, we assessed the extent and determinants of leopard peri-urban areas (Soulsbury & White, ), such as habitat use and predation on domestic animals in peri- Kathmandu district. Inclusive of Kathmandu, the country’s urban areas within Kathmandu district, with the aim of capital city, this district has a population of . million assisting the Government of Nepal in devising strategies people, with a population density of , people/km ( to mitigate future human–leopard conflict. times higher than the national average; CBS, ). The city and its suburbs are surrounded by montane forests, Study area most notably the Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park and National Forest, which supports a leopard population We conducted this study in of municipalities in (Pokharel, ). Leopards sometimes enter human settle- Kathmandu district, Nepal ( km ; Fig. ). Kathmandu ments, including the fringes of Kathmandu city, and are district is one amongst three districts located within the subsequently captured and translocated to zoos or released Kathmandu valley, and is home to . , households back into the wild. Although leopards are routinely captured (CBS, ). The predominant land-use types are forest in the Kathmandu valley, the extent of their occurrence and (%), farmland (%) and built-up areas (%; Wang predation on domestic animals has hitherto not been thor- et al., ). Along with a rapid increase in the human oughly investigated (Pokharel, ). population, urban areas expanded by % in the FIG. 1 Study area showing Kathmandu district, Kathmandu city and survey locations within -km grid cells. The inset map shows the location of the study area within Nepal. Oryx, Page 2 of 10 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605320000423 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.93, on 26 Sep 2021 at 14:32:03, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605320000423 The peri‐urban leopards of Kathmandu 3 Kathmandu valley since , with conversion of %of et al. (), each household was treated as a discrete sam- farmlands (Ishtiaque et al., ). Most communities in pling occasion. Adult residents in each household were Kathmandu district outside the city are agrarian, with rice, asked whether they had detected leopard presence or wheat, maize, potato and mustard being the main crops. knew of leopard predation on domestic animals in the im- The forested hills around Kathmandu district (Fig. )are mediate neighbourhood (within c. m of their home) managed by the administration of Shivapuri-Nagarjun over the past year. We only considered the immediate National Park ( km ) and the Kathmandu District neighbourhood so that we could reliably assign reported Forest Office as National Forest, Community Forest and predation events to individual grid cells. To avoid ambiguity others ( km ). These forests support diverse mammalian regarding the identity of the predator, respondents were and avian communities. The vegetation is sub-tropical/tem- asked to provide clear descriptions of the species and its perate forest dominated by Pinus spp., Quercus spp. and signs, or distinguish these from images of various carnivores Castanopsis spp. (Shrestha, ). These forests contribute and their pugmarks. We only recorded leopard presence to the provision of drinking water and clean air for the . and/or predation when respondents provided an accurate million inhabitants of Kathmandu district, and are valuable description of the species. In the case of reported depreda- for religious and cultural reasons (SSNP, ). tion of domestic animals, the interviewers recorded infor- mation on the species of domestic animal, count of events and their locations. All interviews were carried out in Methods Nepali. Interview surveys Covariates and hypotheses We divided the study area into -km grid cells (Fig. ) and carried out interview surveys in of these cells (sites), to We collated data for a total of five covariates (Table ). We collect information
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020)
    Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020) Editor-In-Chief Shree Ram Bajagain Editor Aarya Adhikari Editorial Team Govinda Prasad Tripathee Ramesh Prasad Timalsina Data Analyst Anuj KC Cover/Graphic Designer Gita Mali For Human Rights and Social Justice Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) Nagarjun Municipality-10, Syuchatar, Kathmandu POBox : 2726, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5218770 Fax:+977-1-5218251 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.insec.org.np; www.inseconline.org All materials published in this book may be used with due acknowledgement. First Edition 1000 Copies February 19, 2021 © Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) ISBN: 978-9937-9239-5-8 Printed at Dream Graphic Press Kathmandu Contents Acknowledgement Acronyms and Abbreviations Foreword CHAPTERS Chapter 1 Situation of Human Rights in 2020: Overall Assessment Accountability Towards Commitment 1 Review of the Social and Political Issues Raised in the Last 29 Years of Nepal Human Rights Year Book 25 Chapter 2 State and Human Rights Chapter 2.1 Judiciary 37 Chapter 2.2 Executive 47 Chapter 2.3 Legislature 57 Chapter 3 Study Report 3.1 Status of Implementation of the Labor Act at Tea Gardens of Province 1 69 3.2 Witchcraft, an Evil Practice: Continuation of Violence against Women 73 3.3 Natural Disasters in Sindhupalchok and Their Effects on Economic and Social Rights 78 3.4 Problems and Challenges of Sugarcane Farmers 82 3.5 Child Marriage and Violations of Child Rights in Karnali Province 88 36 Socio-economic
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Status of Manahara River, Kathmandu, Nepal
    Bulletin of the Department of Geology C Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 21–32 e y n g t o ra l l eo De G partment of Kirtipur Environmental status of Manahara River, Kathmandu, Nepal *Ramita Bajracharya and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT The Manahara River located in northeast part of the Kathmandu Valley has been disturbed for last one decade by several anthropogenic activities and natural causes thereby deteriorating its recreational functions and stream habitat. To obtain an existing environmental condition and disturbances of the river, the river was surveyed for its habitat, pollution level and surface water quality. Among the five representative segments of the river, the downstream segment (Sano Thimi) was scored into intermediate category showing more pollution and environmental deterioration compared to the upstream segments. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and ammonia increase, whereas dissolved oxygen decreases from upstream to downstream with exponential functions. Aquatic lives like Garra sp. (Buduna), Schizothorax sp. (Asala), Channa sp. (Hiele) and Heteropneustes sp. (Singe) were observed except in downstream of the Jadibuti Bridge situated downstream from Sano Thimi stretch. Fish species were rare from the Jadibuti area most probably due to reduced dissoved oxygen (5 mg/l). Coliform bacteria ranged from 3000 to 4000 in the Manahara River showing high amount of bacterial contamination. Major disturbances, which affect river habitat and surface water quality of the Manahara River were destruction of riparian buffer zones, excavation excessive amount of sand from the river, encroachment of floodplains and bars, solid waste and sewer effluent, and tendency of landuse change.
    [Show full text]
  • First Draft of the Report Was Prepared
    i Study on the New and Emerging Trends of Human Trafficking in Entertainment Sectors in Nepal Study on the NEW AND EMERGING TRENDS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ENTERTAINMENT SECTORS IN NEPAL Submitted to: Forum for Protection of People’s Rights (PPR-Nepal) Submitted by: Kapil Aryal Nepal Institute for Training and Research Kathmandu March 20, 2020 NEW AND EMERGING TRENDS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ENTERTAINMENT SECTORS IN NEPAL i ii Study on the New and Emerging Trends of Human Trafficking in Entertainment Sectors in Nepal Research Team Lead Researcher : Kapil Aryal, Associate Professor, Kathmandu School of Law Researchers : Satish Kumar Sharma, Director, PPR Nepal Neha Sharma, NTV Journalist Aashish Panta, Advocate Data Analyst : Manas Wagley Administrative and Logistic Support Anupama Subba Daya Sagar Dahal Contact Forum for Protection of People’s Rights – Nepal P.O. Box 24926, Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-01-4464100 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.pprnepal.org.np March, 2020, Kathmandu DISCLAIMER This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people and British people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (UK aid). The contents of the study on The New and Emerging Trends of Human Trafficking in Entertainment Sectors in Nepal are the responsibility of Forum for Protection of People’s Rights (PPR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government or UK aid or the United Kingdom Government. ii iii Study on the New and Emerging Trends of Human Trafficking in Entertainment Sectors in Nepal FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Forum for Protection of People’s Rights (PPR), a non-governmental, non-profit organization established in 2002 to advocate and work in the area of human rights and access to justice has been carrying out several research and activities against human trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TA – 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) ACHHAM DISTRICT BASELINE: DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURAL ROADS (DOLIDAR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B 1 MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACHHAM DISTRICT ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic/Caste Diversification in Kathmandu Metropolitan: Changing Social Landscape of a Capital City
    Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 3(8), pp. 185-199, August 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JGRP ISSN 2070-1845 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Ethnic/caste diversification in Kathmandu metropolitan: Changing social landscape of a capital city Bhim Prasad Subedi Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu, Nepal. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted July 8, 2010 Kathmandu metropolitan, the capital city of Nepal is a socio-geographic microcosm of the nation as a whole and demonstrates caste/ethnic mosaic. Known historically as a Newar settlement, Kathmandu accommodates at least 67 caste/ethnic groups. It has witnessed nearly six-fold increase in population within the last 40 years. Utilizing the population census 2001, this paper examines the population dynamics from a socio-geographic perspective by focusing on concentration of caste/ethnic groups, migration in the city and apparent ethnic diversification. The findings suggest that spatial distribution of caste/ethnic population demonstrates more of diversification than concentration. The index of ethnic diversification clearly demonstrates a geographic pattern associated with distance. The level of diversification increases from the city core to the periphery along with increase in distance from the core. Diversification is closely related to migration both internal and international but primarily internal. These findings are expected to contribute to the ongoing national debate of formation of federal states reflecting one or other group’s primacy. This primacy issue is grounded in argument of ethnic concentration while in reality the social landscape has been much more diversified than many of them have realized. Key words: Kathmandu metropolitan, capital city, caste/ethnic groups, concentration, ethnic diversification, geographic pattern, migration.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Used by the Tamang Community in the Makawanpur
    Luitel et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2014, 10:5 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/5 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal plants used by the Tamang community in the Makawanpur district of central Nepal Dol Raj Luitel1*, Maan B Rokaya2,3*, Binu Timsina3,4 and Zuzana Münzbergová2,4 Abstract Background: We can conserve cultural heritage and gain extensive knowledge of plant species with pharmacological potential to cure simple to life-threatening diseases by studying the use of plants in indigenous communities. Therefore, it is important to conduct ethnobotanical studies in indigenous communities and to validate the reported uses of plants by comparing ethnobotanical studies with phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in a Tamang community dwelling in the Makawanpur district of central Nepal. We used semi-structured and structured questionnaires during interviews to collect information. We compared use reports with available phytochemical and pharmacological studies for validation. Results: A total of 161 plant species belonging to 86 families and 144 genera to cure 89 human ailments were documented. Although 68 plant species were cited as medicinal in previous studies, 55 different uses described by the Tamang people were not found in any of the compared studies. Traditional uses for 60 plant species were consistent with pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Conclusions: The Tamang people in Makawanpur are rich in ethnopharmacological understanding. The present study highlights important medicinal plant species by validating their traditional uses. Different plant species can improve local economies through proper harvesting, adequate management and development of modern techniques to maximize their use.
    [Show full text]
  • Peasantry in Nepal
    92 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Peasantry in Kathmandu Valley and Its Southern Ridges 4.1 Introduction From ancient times, different societies of caste/ethnicity have been adopting various strategies for ac- quiring a better livelihood in Nepal. Agriculture was, and is, the main strategy. The predominant form of agriculture practised throughout the hilly area of the Nepal is crop farming, livestock and forestry at the subsistence level. Kathmandu valley including Lalitpur district is no exception. The making of handicrafts used to be the secondary occupation in the urban areas of the district. People in the montane and the rural part of the district was more dependent upon the forest resources for subsidiary income. Cutting firewood, making khuwa (solidified concentrated milk cream) and selling them in the cities was also a part of the livelihood for the peasants in rural areas. However, since the past few decades peasants/rural households who depended on subsistence farming have faced greater hardships in earning their livelihoods from farming alone due to rapid population growth and degradation of the natural resource base; mainly land and forest. As a result, they have to look for other alternatives to make living. With the development of local markets and road network, people started to give more emphasis to various nonfarm works as their secondary occupation that would not only support farming but also generate subsidiary cash income. Thus, undertaking nonfarm work has become a main strategy for a better livelihood in these regions. With the introduction of dairy farming along with credit and marketing support under the dairy development policy of the government, small scale peasant dairy farming has flourished in these montane regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tables Table 1.3.2 Typical Geological Sections
    Tables Table 1.3.2 Typical Geological Sections - T 1 - Table 2.3.3 Actual ID No. List of Municipal Wards and VDC Sr. No. ID-No. District Name Sr. No. ID-No. District Name Sr. No. ID-No. District Name 1 11011 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.1 73 10191 Kathmandu Gagalphedi 145 20131 Lalitpur Harisiddhi 2 11021 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.2 74 10201 Kathmandu Gokarneshwar 146 20141 Lalitpur Imadol 3 11031 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.3 75 10211 Kathmandu Goldhunga 147 20151 Lalitpur Jharuwarasi 4 11041 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.4 76 10221 Kathmandu Gongabu 148 20161 Lalitpur Khokana 5 11051 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.5 77 10231 Kathmandu Gothatar 149 20171 Lalitpur Lamatar 6 11061 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.6 78 10241 Kathmandu Ichankhu Narayan 150 20181 Lalitpur Lele 7 11071 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.7 79 10251 Kathmandu Indrayani 151 20191 Lalitpur Lubhu 8 11081 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.8 80 10261 Kathmandu Jhor Mahakal 152 20201 Lalitpur Nallu 9 11091 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.9 81 10271 Kathmandu Jitpurphedi 153 20211 Lalitpur Sainbu 10 11101 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.10 82 10281 Kathmandu Jorpati 154 20221 Lalitpur Siddhipur 11 11111 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.11 83 10291 Kathmandu Kabresthali 155 20231 Lalitpur Sunakothi 12 11121 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.12 84 10301 Kathmandu Kapan 156 20241 Lalitpur Thaiba 13 11131 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.13 85 10311 Kathmandu Khadka Bhadrakali 157 20251 Lalitpur Thecho 14 11141 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.14 86 10321 Kathmandu Lapsephedi 158 20261 Lalitpur Tikathali 15 11151 Kathmandu
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
    SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile - Kathmandu Valley (As of 10 May 2017) HRRP
    District Profile - Kathmandu Valley (as of 10 May 2017) HRRP This district profile outlines the current activities by partner organisations (POs) in post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. It is based on 4W and secondary data collected from POs on their recent activities pertaining to housing sector. Further, it captures a wide range of planned, ongoing and completed activities within the HRRP framework. For additional information, please refer to the HRRP dashboard. FACTS AND FIGURES Population: 2.5 million1 19 VDCs and 22 municipalities Damage Status - Private Structures Type of housing walls KTM Valley National Mud-bonded bricks/stone 20% 41% Cement-bonded bricks/stone 75% 29% Damage Grade (3-5) 104,337 Other 5% 30% Damage Grade (1-2) 10,061 % of households who own 46% 85% Total 114,3982 their housing unit (Census 2011)1 NEWS & UPDATES 1. Mason Training conducted from 27th April 2017 to 3rd May 2017 at Kageshwori Manahara, Kathmandu was conducted by Baliyo Ghar program of NSET funded by USAID. In total 28 masons were trained 2. The monthly meeting of NRA Lalitpur was conducted at NRA office, Gwarko on May 17, 2017. The main agenda of the meeting was to discuss and updating of the reconstruc- tion activities in the district. The meeting had participation NRA officials, LDO of Lalitpur, DUDBC division head, DLPIU engineers and POs such as Lumanti, OXFAM-GB, EWDE-DKH working in the district in Housing, Community infrastructure, Livelihood, WASH, and WASH. 3. • A general meeting of Kathmandu district was held on May 22, 2017 at District Development Committee office, Kathmandu.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Map (PDF | 1.64
    Technical Assistance | Coverage of 7 Technical Assistance Activities by POs, Central Cluster | as of 25 May 2018 HRRP The coverage of Technical Assistance (TA) is defined LEGEND according to the presence (planned and on-going) of the following 7 activities and the VDCs highlighted suggest International Boundary the summation of the activities presented: a. Community/household orientation with more than 1 District Boundary session Gaupalika/Nagarpalika MANANG b. Continuous Door to door technical assistance (Mobile Technical Support) National Park/Wild Life Reserve c. Short training for Masons (Target achieved) d. Vocation/on the job training for masons (Target Ward Boundary Chum Nubri C H I NA achieved) e. Helpdesk/Technical Support Center Number of TA Activities f. Demonstration construction 0 g. Reconstruction Coordination Committee 1 Disclaimer: The highlighted VDCs indicate that at least one of the 2 Dharche GORKHA aforementioned activities is being conducted/planned by 3 LAMJUNG partner organizations, irrespective of the methodology or household level coverage of the activity. For activity 4 Ajirkot Rubi Valley c and d, it is highlighted when there are more than 70% of Parbati Kunda Gosaikunda masons trained according to the targets defined by NRA 5 RASUWA and field surveys. Sulikot 6 Aarughat 7 Uttargaya Siranchok Gangajamuna Khaniyabash Note: Kalika Kispang Naukunda Langtang National Park Palungtar Bhimsen Tripura Sundari Panchpokhari Thangpal Jugal Helambu This map highlights the coverage of Technical Gorkha Netrawati Meghang Assistance (TA) in the Housing Sector, by partner Tadi DHADING Suryagadhi Organizations in the central most affected 14 districts. Dupcheshwar Bigu TANAHU Sahid Lakhan Jwalamukhi Nilakantha Bidur SINDHUPALCHOK Bhotekoshi The data used for this map comes from the HRRP 4W Likhu Tarkeshwar Panchakanya and NRA 5W.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Open Spaces in Crisis: Appraisal and Observation from Metropolitan Kathmandu, Nepal
    Vol. 13(4), pp. 77-90, October-December, 2020 DOI: 10.5897/JGRP2020.0797 Article Number: B74E25D65143 ISSN 2070-1845 Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Geography and Regional Planning http://www.academicjournals.org/JGRP Full Length Research Paper Public open spaces in Crisis: Appraisal and observation from metropolitan Kathmandu, Nepal Krishna Prasad Timalsina Department of Geography, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal. Received 10 September, 2020; Accepted 13 October, 2020 There is an emerging debate in the literature of urbanism that public open space is in crisis in the cities of developing countries due to the increasing trends of urbanization and in-migration. With the significant growth of the urban population and rapid expansion of the city, the land demand for housing and other infrastructure development is very high. The high rate of urbanization due to which encroachment, high speculation, use change, etc. are the major reasons for decreasing public open spaces. There are many inferences that public open spaces are decreasing in Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) as Tundikhel; an important public open space located in the heart of Kathmandu is decreasing in its size and has changed in its use over time. At present, KMC does not have a sizable public open space for emergency uses such as evacuation, relief, recovery, and reconstruction during the catastrophic hazards. Analysis of historical imagery and the changing patterns of land use reveal that the decreasing trends of open spaces may lead more vulnerable to the city as it does not have public open space for disaster management in an emergency need.
    [Show full text]