DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of the Right Temporoparietal Junction in Intersensory Conxict: Detection Or Resolution?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of the Right Temporoparietal Junction in Intersensory Conxict: Detection Or Resolution? Exp Brain Res (2010) 206:129–139 DOI 10.1007/s00221-010-2198-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE The role of the right temporoparietal junction in intersensory conXict: detection or resolution? Liuba Papeo · Matthew R. Longo · Matteo Feurra · Patrick Haggard Received: 2 December 2009 / Accepted: 13 February 2010 / Published online: 9 March 2010 © Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is a visual stimulation was incongruent. However, following polysensory cortical area that plays a key role in perception TMS, accuracy improved selectively for D4 in incongruent and awareness. Neuroimaging evidence shows activation of trials, suggesting that the eVects of the conXicting visual rTPJ in intersensory and sensorimotor conXict situations, information were reduced. These Wndings suggest a role but it remains unclear whether this activity reXects detec- of rTPJ in detecting, rather than resolving, intersensory tion or resolution of such conXicts. To address this ques- conXict. tion, we manipulated the relationship between touch and vision using the so-called mirror-box illusion. Participants’ Keywords Visuo-spatial attention · Tactile localization · hands lay on either side of a mirror, which occluded their Finger-speciWcity · Mental body representation · left hand and reXected their right hand, but created the illu- Temporoparietal junction · Intersensory conXict sion that they were looking directly at their left hand. The experimenter simultaneously touched either the middle (D3) or the ring Wnger (D4) of each hand. Participants Introduction judged, which Wnger was touched on their occluded left hand. The visual stimulus corresponding to the touch on the The representation of one’s own body depends on the inte- right hand was therefore either congruent (same Wnger as gration of inputs across several sensory modalities. Signals touch) or incongruent (diVerent Wnger from touch) with the from diVerent modalities are normally consistent and com- task-relevant touch on the left hand. Single-pulse transcra- plementary. In some situations, however, conXicting infor- nial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the rTPJ mation is received, and two discrepant sources of immediately after touch. Accuracy in localizing the left information must be integrated (cf. Ernst and BülthoV touch was worse for D4 than for D3, particularly when 2004). Several recent studies have suggested that the tem- poroparietal junction in the right hemisphere (rTPJ) responds to such perceptual conXict. For example, rTPJ was activated by visual information of Wnger movement that was incongruent with proprioception of the actual & L. Papeo ( ) W International School for Advanced Studies, nger movement (Balslev et al. 2005). Likewise, rTPJ SISSA of Trieste, Via Beirut, 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy activity increases linearly with increasing temporal delay e-mail: [email protected] between active movement and visual feedback (Leube et al. 2003) and with increasing spatial distortion of visual and M. R. Longo · P. Haggard Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, proprioceptive information about hand position (Farrer University College London, Alexandra House, et al. 2004). Thus, the rTPJ seems to be associated with 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK intersensory conXict. However, imaging studies have not identiWed the exact role of rTPJ in processing such conXict. M. Feurra Department of Psychology, University of Florence, One hypothesis is that the rTPJ is involved in resolving Via di San Salvi, 12, 50135 Florence, Italy intersensory conXict in order to maintain a coherent percept 123 130 Exp Brain Res (2010) 206:129–139 of the body (Blanke et al. 2004; Blanke and Mohr 2005; Farrer et al. 2004; Spence et al. 1997). When such conXict resolution fails, the normal coherence of the bodily self is replaced by a fragmented or dissociated experience in both clinical (Blanke et al. 2004; Brugger et al. 1997) and healthy populations (Blanke et al. 2005; Farrer et al. 2004; Zacks et al. 1999). Alternatively, rTPJ might simply detect the intersensory discrepancy, with other areas being respon- sible for attempting resolution. This hypothesis Wts with a more general role of the rTPJ in spatial attention to multi- sensory stimuli. Indeed, neuroimaging studies suggest that rTPJ dominates a network of regions responsive to visual, auditory and tactile stimuli and, speciWcally, plays a key role in coding stimuli at an unexpected location or behav- iorally salient changes in external space (AstaWev et al. Fig. 1 2006; Corbetta et al. 1998; Downar et al. 2000; Downar Experimental setup. The participant’s hands lay on either side of a mirror. The participant gazed toward her/his left hand, and there- et al. 2002; see Corbetta and Shulman 2002 for a review). fore saw her/his right hand appearing via the mirror in the left hand’s As such, the rTPJ would be responsible of bottom-up or location. The participant’s Wngers on either hand were touched by stimulus-driven visual attention to detect any relevant means of two sticks, containing a microswitch which triggered TMS 350 ms after the touch onset. TMS was delivered with a coil placed event. This function of the rTPJ is consistent with evidence tangentially over the right TPJ linking lesions in this region to unilateral spatial neglect, a common neuropsychological syndrome following injury to the right hemisphere, in which salient stimuli in the left touch, is improved when visual and tactile stimulations are hemispace fail to attract attention and reach awareness at congruent locations and is disrupted when the two loca- (Bisiach et al. 1996; Friedrich et al. 1998; Mort et al. 2003; tions are incongruent (Spence et al. 1998; Pavani et al. Vallar 2001). 2000). The inXuence of vision on tactile discrimination is We created conXict between vision and touch using a also suggested by eVects of seeing the body on somatosen- tactile version of the mirror-box illusion, previously used to sation, whereby even non-informative view of body parts investigate phantom limbs (Ramachandran and Rogers- increases tactile acuity (e.g., Haggard 2006; Kennett et al. Ramachandran 1996; Ramachandran et al. 1995), percep- 2001) and suppresses acute pain (Longo et al. 2009). On tual conXict (e.g., Fink et al. 1999; Holmes et al. 2006) and this basis, the bodily visual information was expected to eVects of vision on somatosensory processing (e.g., Harris create a transfer of tactile sensation from one Wnger to et al. 2007; Longo et al. 2009). Participants placed their another in the incongruent condition, even if participants hands on either side of a mirror aligned with their sagittal were aware of the potential conXict. Indeed, Ro et al. plane, in the setup shown in Fig. 1. Looking into the mirror, (2004) reported anecdotally that the illusion of seeing one’s the reXection of their right hand appeared to be a direct hand touched in the mirror box could generate tactile sensa- view of their left hand. The experimenter synchronously tions on a non-stimulated hand. touched either the middle (D3) or the ring Wnger (D4) of In one condition, we delivered single-pulse transcranial both hands. Participants judged which Wnger on their magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the rTPJ to alter its activity occluded left hand was touched. Touch could either be con- and thus investigate its role in intersensory conXict. We gruent or incongruent with vision. When touch was congru- stimulated the right side only, because the right—but not ent with vision, the same Wnger was touched on left and the left—TPJ is held to process multisensory body-related right hand. What participants saw was therefore congruent information (Blanke and Mohr 2005) and portions of this with what they felt on their target left hand. When touch region have been related to the awareness of personal space was incongruent, D3 was touched on the right hand and D4 (Committeri et al. 2007). Generally, clinical (Vallar 1998), on the left, or vice versa. Therefore, what participants saw TMS (Chambers et al. 2004) and functional neuroimaging was incongruent with what they felt. studies (Nobre et al. 2007) indicate a right hemispheric Several phenomena hold that vision dominates over dominance for visuo-spatial attention, which was crucial touch. For instance, in crossmodal congruence task, partici- for our task. In fact, given their perceptual similarity, pants receive tactile stimulation on one Wnger, while a non- Wngers are mostly identiWed by their position through bodily visual distractor (e.g., a circle) appears proximal to visuo-spatial exploration (Goldenberg 1999). Accordingly, the hand position. Tactile discrimination, the ability to their perceptual discrimination is particularly vulnerable to diVerentiate information received through the sense of interference and narrowing of visual attention. Indeed, 123 Exp Brain Res (2010) 206:129–139 131 patients with damage to the right hemisphere may show of each hand, with two identical wooden sticks. A micro- selective impairment in processing Wnger postures (Golden- switch attached to the stick touching the left hand triggered berg 1999) as part of generally impaired perceptual analy- TMS and the audio recording. The touches were punctuate sis. Recently, a strong association has been reported and clearly suprathreshold. We instructed participants to between the severity of left-sided spatial neglect and dis- look into the mirror and verbally report, which Wnger was turbed imitation of Wnger posture, as it poses high demand touched on their left hand
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reduced Amplitude of Low-Frequency Brain Oscillations in the Psychosis Risk Syndrome and Early Illness Schizophrenia
    Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41, 2388–2398 © 2016 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved 0893-133X/16 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Reduced Amplitude of Low-Frequency Brain Oscillations in the Psychosis Risk Syndrome and Early Illness Schizophrenia 1,2 2 2 1 1,2 Susanna L Fryer , Brian J Roach , Katherine Wiley , Rachel L Loewy , Judy M Ford and ,1,2 Daniel H Mathalon* 1 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal are gaining interest as potential biomarkers sensitive to neuropsychiatric pathology. Schizophrenia has been associated with alterations in intrinsic LFOs that covary with cognitive deficits and symptoms. However, the extent to which LFO dysfunction is present before schizophrenia illness onset remains unknown. = = Resting-state FMRI data were collected from clinical high-risk (CHR; n 45) youth, early illness schizophrenia (ESZ; n 74) patients, and = – healthy controls (HCs; n 85) aged 12 35 years. Age-adjusted voxelwise fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF; 0.01 − 0.08 Hz) of the BOLD signal was compared among the three groups. Main effects of Group (po0.005 height threshold, familywise error cluster-level corrected po0.05) were followed up via Tukey-corrected pairwise comparisons. Significant main effects of Group (po0.05) revealed decreased fALFF in ESZ and CHR groups relative to HCs, with values in the CHR group falling between those of ESZ and HC groups. These differences were identified primarily in posterior cortex, including temporoparietal regions, extending into occipital and cerebellar lobes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Negative Affectivity and Social Inhibition in Perceiving Social Threat Kret, M.E.; Denollet, J.; Grèzes, J.; De Gelder, B
    Tilburg University The role of negative affectivity and social inhibition in perceiving social threat Kret, M.E.; Denollet, J.; Grèzes, J.; de Gelder, B. Published in: Neuropsychologia DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.007 Publication date: 2011 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Kret, M. E., Denollet, J., Grèzes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2011). The role of negative affectivity and social inhibition in perceiving social threat: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 49(5), 1187-1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.007 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. sep. 2021 G Model NSY-4004; No. of Pages 7 ARTICLE IN PRESS Neuropsychologia
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Correlates Underlying Change in State Self-Esteem Hiroaki Kawamichi 1,2,3, Sho K
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Neural correlates underlying change in state self-esteem Hiroaki Kawamichi 1,2,3, Sho K. Sugawara2,4,5, Yuki H. Hamano2,5,6, Ryo Kitada 2,7, Eri Nakagawa2, Takanori Kochiyama8 & Norihiro Sadato 2,5 Received: 21 July 2017 State self-esteem, the momentary feeling of self-worth, functions as a sociometer involved in Accepted: 11 January 2018 maintenance of interpersonal relations. How others’ appraisal is subjectively interpreted to change Published: xx xx xxxx state self-esteem is unknown, and the neural underpinnings of this process remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that changes in state self-esteem are represented by the mentalizing network, which is modulated by interactions with regions involved in the subjective interpretation of others’ appraisal. To test this hypothesis, we conducted task-based and resting-state fMRI. Participants were repeatedly presented with their reputations, and then rated their pleasantness and reported their state self- esteem. To evaluate the individual sensitivity of the change in state self-esteem based on pleasantness (i.e., the subjective interpretation of reputation), we calculated evaluation sensitivity as the rate of change in state self-esteem per unit pleasantness. Evaluation sensitivity varied across participants, and was positively correlated with precuneus activity evoked by reputation rating. Resting-state fMRI revealed that evaluation sensitivity was positively correlated with functional connectivity of the precuneus with areas activated by negative reputation, but negatively correlated with areas activated by positive reputation. Thus, the precuneus, as the part of the mentalizing system, serves as a gateway for translating the subjective interpretation of reputation into state self-esteem.
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Substrates of Intention–Consequence Integration and Its Impact on Reactive Punishment in Interpersonal Transgression
    The Journal of Neuroscience, March 25, 2015 • 35(12):4917–4925 • 4917 Behavioral/Cognitive Neural Substrates of Intention–Consequence Integration and Its Impact on Reactive Punishment in Interpersonal Transgression X Hongbo Yu,1 Jia Li,1 and Xiaolin Zhou1,2,3 1Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, 2Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and 3PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China When evaluating interpersonal transgressions, people take into account both the consequential damage and the intention of the agent. The intention and consequence, however, do not always match, as is the case with accidents and failed attempts. We combined an interactive game and functional MRI to investigate the neural substrates underlying the processing of intention and consequence, and its bearing on reactive punishment. The participant interacted with anonymous partners, who decided to deliver pain stimulation either to himself/herself or to the participant to earn a monetary reward. In some cases, the decision was reversed by the computer. After pain delivery, the partner’s intention was revealed. Unbeknownst to the partner, the participant was then allowed to punish the partner by reducing his/her monetary reward. Behaviorally, the punishment was lower in the accidental condition (unintended harm relative to intended harm) but higher in the failed-attempt condition (unintended no-harm relative to intended no-harm). Neurally, the left amygdala/hippocampus was activated in the conditions with blameworthy intention (i.e., intentional harm and failed attempt).
    [Show full text]
  • Amygdala Lesions Do Not Compromise the Cortical Network for False-Belief Reasoning
    Amygdala lesions do not compromise the cortical network for false-belief reasoning Robert P. Spunta,1, Jed T. Elisona,b, Nicholas Dufourc, René Hurlemannd, Rebecca Saxec, and Ralph Adolphsa aDivision of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; bInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; cDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; and dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany Edited by Joseph E. LeDoux, New York University, New York, NY, and approved February 27, 2015 (received for review December 2, 2014) The amygdala plays an integral role in human social cognition and the temporoparietal junction as well as medial frontoparietal and behavior, with clear links to emotion recognition, trust judgments, anterior temporal cortices (23–28). anthropomorphization, and psychiatric disorders ranging from If the amygdala plays a critical role in social cognition, why is it social phobia to autism. A central feature of human social cognition not regularly identified in neuroimaging studies of ToM? One is a theory-of-mind (ToM) that enables the representation other answer may be that these studies have been focused more on people’smentalstatesasdistinctfromone’s own. Numerous neuro- cortical networks, and possible amygdala activations are either imaging studies of the best studied use of ToM—false-belief reason- underreported or underdiscussed. A second answer may be that ing—suggest that it relies on a specific cortical network; moreover, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response is the amygdala is structurally and functionally connected with many more difficult to evoke in the amygdala than in cortex (29, 30).
    [Show full text]
  • Connectivity Profiles Reveal the Relationship Between Brain Areas
    Connectivity profiles reveal the relationship between brain areas for social cognition in human and monkey temporoparietal cortex Rogier B. Marsa,b,1,2, Jérôme Salleta,1, Franz-Xaver Neuberta, and Matthew F. S. Rushwortha,b aDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom; and bCentre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom Edited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, and approved May 7, 2013 (received for review February 15, 2013) The human ability to infer the thoughts and beliefs of others, human fusiform face area (FFA), lateral occipital face area, and often referred to as “theory of mind,” as well as the predisposition posterior STS on the other hand. However, although the human to even consider others, are associated with activity in the temporo- FFA is generally accepted to be sensitive to facial identity, the parietal junction (TPJ) area. Unlike the case of most human brain human posterior STS face area seems more sensitive to the social areas, we have little sense of whether or how TPJ is related to information provided by faces, such as eye gaze (13). Similarly, brain areas in other nonhuman primates. It is not possible to ad- the macaque STS areas contain neurons that are sensitive to dress this question by looking for similar task-related activations social information conveyed by faces, rather than facial identity in nonhuman primates because there is no evidence that nonhu- (14), and even to other social cues such as others’ body postures man primates engage in theory-of-mind tasks in the same manner and actions (15).
    [Show full text]
  • A Causal Role for Right Temporo-Parietal Junction in Signaling Moral Conflict Ignacio Obeso1,2†, Marius Moisa3, Christian C Ruff3, Jean-Claude Dreher1*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A causal role for right temporo-parietal junction in signaling moral conflict Ignacio Obeso1,2†, Marius Moisa3, Christian C Ruff3, Jean-Claude Dreher1* 1Neuroeconomics, reward and decision making group, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229 and Universite´ Claude Bernard (UCBL), Lyon 1, Bron, France; 2Fundacio´n de Investigacio´n HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales – Centro Integral en Neurociencias HM CINAC, Madrid, Spain; 3Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Abstract The right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) has been proposed to play a key role in guiding human altruistic behavior, but its precise functional contribution to altruism remains unclear. We aimed to disentangle three possible functions of the rTPJ for human altruism, namely: implementing the motivation to help, signaling conflicts between moral and material values, or representing social reputation concerns. Our novel donation-decision task consisted of decisions requiring trade-offs of either positive moral values and monetary cost when donating to a good cause, or negative moral values and monetary benefits when sending money to a bad cause. Disrupting the rTPJ using transcranial magnetic stimulation did not change the general motivation to give or to react to social reputation cues, but specifically reduced the behavioral impact of *For correspondence: moral-material conflicts. These findings reveal that signaling moral-material conflict is a core rTPJ [email protected] mechanism that may contribute to a variety of human moral behaviors. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40671.001 Present address: †Centro Integral en Neurociencias AC, Puerta del SurHM Hospitales and CEU-San Pablo University, Introduction Madrid, Spain Humans have the ability to forego material interests in the service of abstract moral values.
    [Show full text]
  • Meditation and Mindfulness for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments & Dementia
    Meditation and mindfulness for individuals with cognitive impairments & dementia MINDFUL MEDITATION For thousands of years, mindful meditation has been practiced by many people living in the South East Asia. Meditation is a process by which an individual learns to control his/her mind to achieve some benefit; such as, to generate positive thoughts, relax the mind, reduce stress, or enhance a mind/body connection. Mindfulness is a form of mediation that focuses on calmly acknowledging one's awareness in the present moment and accepting one's feelings and thoughts. While the benefits of meditation seem desirable to many, modern day neuroscientists have been studying the effects of ancient mindfulness techniques on the human brain, with some pretty compelling results. Harvard Medical School neuroscientist, Sara Lazar, found that mediation can actually change the physical structures of the human brain. Following an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, Lazar and her team, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, found brain cell volume increases in four regions. Most notable were increases in cortical thickness in the hippocampus, which governs learning and memory, spatial orientation, and regulation of emotions, as well as increases in the temporoparietal junction, an area that is responsible for empathy and compassion (Hölzel, 2011). There were also decreases in brain cell volume in the amygdala gray matter, which is responsible for fear, anxiety, and stress. The changes that Lazar et al. established correlated to the participants’ self-reports of their stress levels, indicating that meditation not only changes the brain, but it changes our subjective perception and feelings as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Sense of Another Mind: the Role of the Right Temporo-Parietal Junction
    Neuropsychologia 43 (2005) 1391–1399 Rapid publication Making sense of another mind: The role of the right temporo-parietal junction Rebecca Saxe a,b,∗, Anna Wexler a a Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, NE20-443, 77 Massachussetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA b Department of Psychology, Harvard University Received 30 July 2004; received in revised form 21 January 2005; accepted 28 February 2005 Available online 4 June 2005 Abstract Human adults conceive of one another as beings with minds, and attribute to one another mental states like perceptions, desires and beliefs. That is, we understand other people using a ‘Theory of Mind’. The current study investigated the contributions of four brain regions to Theory of Mind reasoning. The right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) was recruited selectively for the attribution of mental states, and not for other socially relevant facts about a person, and the response of the RTPJ was modulated by the congruence or incongruence of multiple relevant facts about the target’s mind. None of the other three brain regions commonly implicated in Theory of Mind reasoning – the left temporo-parietal junction (LTPJ), posterior cingulate (PC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) – showed an equally selective profile of response. The implications of these results for an alternative theory of reasoning about other minds – Simulation Theory – are discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Theory of Mind; Simulation; Attribution; Social cognitive neuroscience 1. Introduction desire that was inconsistent with the subject’s expectations, based on the protagonist’s background. Finally, none of the By a ‘Theory of Mind’, we mean the process(es) by which other brain regions commonly implicated in Theory of Mind most healthy human adults (1) attribute unobservable mental reasoning – the left temporo-parietal junction (LTPJ), poste- states to others (and under certain circumstances, to the self, rior cingulate (PC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) – [cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporoparietal Junction Hypoactivity During Pain-Related Empathy Processing in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 11 January 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02085 Temporoparietal Junction Hypoactivity during Pain-Related Empathy Processing in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder Daifeng Dong, Qingsen Ming, Xiang Wang, Weixia Yu, Yali Jiang, Qiong Wu, Yidian Gao and Shuqiao Yao * Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China Background: Lack of empathy has been proposed to account for the characteristic behavioral problems exhibited by adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether adolescents with CD exhibit atypical affective and cognitive neural empathic responses during pain-related empathy processing. Methods: A total of 30 adolescents with a CD diagnosis and 36 without CD symptoms were recruited from out-patient clinics and local middle schools in the same region, respectively. All 66 participants were subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing video clips depicting a face with a neutral expression receiving Edited by: non-painful stimulation (Q-tip touch) or a face with a painful expression receiving painful Xi-Nian Zuo, stimulation (needle penetration) applied to the left or right cheek. Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Reviewed by: Results: The regions associated with affective and cognitive empathy were activated in Angela Ciaramidaro, the HC group during pain-related empathy processing. Compared to HCs, adolescents Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Qiu Jiang, with CD showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junction Southwest Normal University China, (TPJ). China Conclusions: Adolescents with CD exhibited dampened hemodynamic responses *Correspondence: Shuqiao Yao during pain-related empathy processing in the bilateral TPJ, a region associated with [email protected] cognitive empathy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mindfulness Meditation Training and Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity: a Randomized Controlled Trial
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mindfulness Meditation Training and Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial Adrienne A. Taren, MD, PhD, Peter J. Gianaros, PhD, Carol M. Greco, PhD, Emily K. Lindsay, MA, April Fairgrieve, BA, Kirk Warren Brown, PhD, Rhonda K. Rosen, MA, Jennifer L. Ferris, MS, Erica Julson, BS, Anna L. Marsland, PhD, and J. David Creswell, PhD ABSTRACT Objective: Mindfulness meditation training has been previously shown to enhance behavioral measures of executive control (e.g., attention, working memory, cognitive control), but the neural mechanisms underlying these improvements are largely unknown. Here, we test whether mindfulness training interventions foster executive control by strengthening functional connections between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)—a hub of the executive control network—and frontoparietal regions that coordinate executive function. Methods: Thirty-five adults with elevated levels of psychological distress participated in a 3-day randomized controlled trial of intensive mindfulness meditation or relaxation training. Participants completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after the intervention. We tested whether mindfulness meditation training increased resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between dlPFC and frontoparietal control network regions. Results: Left dlPFC showed increased connectivity to the right inferior frontal gyrus (T = 3.74), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (T = 3.98), right supplementary eye field (T = 4.29), right parietal cortex (T = 4.44), and left middle temporal gyrus (T = 3.97, all p < .05) after mindfulness training relative to the relaxation control. Right dlPFC showed increased connectivity to right MFG (T =4.97,p <.05). Conclusions: We report that mindfulness training increases rsFC between dlPFC and dorsal network (superior parietal lobule, sup- plementary eye field, MFG) and ventral network (right IFG, middle temporal/angular gyrus) regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Processes in the Human Temporoparietal Cortex Separated by Localized Independent Component Analysis
    9432 • The Journal of Neuroscience, June 24, 2015 • 35(25):9432–9445 Behavioral/Cognitive Neural Processes in the Human Temporoparietal Cortex Separated by Localized Independent Component Analysis X Kajsa M. Igelstro¨m, Taylor W. Webb, and Michael S.A. Graziano Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 The human temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a topic of intense research. Imaging studies have identified TPJ activation in association with many higher-order functions such as theory-of-mind, episodic memory, and attention, causing debate about the distribution of different processes. One major challenge is the lack of consensus about the anatomical location and extent of the TPJ. Here, we address this problem using data-driven analysis to test the hypothesis that the bilateral TPJ can be parcellated into subregions. We applied independent component analysis (ICA) to task-free fMRI data within a local region around the bilateral TPJ, iterating the ICA at multiple modelordersandinseveraldatasets.Thelocalizedanalysisallowedfinerseparationofprocessesandtheuseofmultipledimensionalities provided qualitative information about lateralization. We identified four subdivisions that were bilaterally symmetrical and one that was right biased. To test whether the independent components (ICs) reflected true subdivisions, we performed functional connectivity analysis using the IC coordinates as seeds. This confirmed that the subdivisions belonged to distinct networks. The right-biased
    [Show full text]