Canada’s Urban Strategy A Vision for the21st Century

Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues Chair: Judy Sgro,MP Interim Report April 2002 April 30, 2002

The Right Honourable Jean Chrétien, P.C. M.P. Prime Minister of Canada House of Commons Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0A6

Dear Prime Minister:

We are pleased to present the Interim Report of the Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues, which was directed in May, 2001 to engage in a dialogue with fellow Canadians and to examine the challenges and opportunities facing our urban regions.

In our view, this Interim Report provides an accurate picture of urban Canada in the 21st Century – its pressures and its problems.

On behalf of the members of the Task Force, we would like to thank you for giving us the opportunity to hear the views of Canadians on this important issue. We look forward to continuing the dialogue through the next phase of our mandate when we will present a final report on the responses arising from the ideas and recommendations expressed in this report.

Sincerely,

Judy Sgro, Member of Parliament, York West Chair, Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues

Dr. Bernard Patry, Member of Parliament, Pierrefonds-Dollard Vice-Chair, Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues

The Honourable Tommy Banks, Senator (Alberta) Vice-Chair, Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues ii CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY: A VISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues

Judy Sgro, M.P. York West/Ouest Chair

The Honourable Dr. Bernard Patry, M.P. Tommy Banks Pierrefonds-Dollard Senator (Alberta) Vice Chair Vice Chair

Reg Alcock, M.P. Carole-Marie Allard, M.P. Mauril Bélanger, M.P. The Honourable Stephen Owen, M.P. Winnipeg South/Sud Laval Est/East Ottawa-Vanier Thelma Chalifoux Vancouver-Quadra Senator (Alberta)

Geoff Regan, M.P. Andy Savoy, M.P. Hélène Scherrer, M.P. Alan Tonks, M.P. Bryon Wilfert, M.P. Halifax West/Ouest Tobique-Mactaquac Louis Hébert York South-Weston/ Oak Ridges York Sud-Weston SPECIAL THANKS iii

Special Thanks from the Chair

n behalf of the members of the Parliament. Special mention must be Prime Minister’s Caucus Task made of the staff from the offices of OForce on Urban Issues, I would the members of the Prime Minister’s like to thank the participants who Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues attended the regional roundtables, the who helped organize regional round- witnesses who appeared before us, tables, provided administrative and the many Canadians who wrote, support, and assisted their members called or e-mailed their comments. throughout this challenging exercise. Your ideas helped to shape this My thanks to the generosity of report. York University Communications My thanks to my colleagues on the Department who created the graphics Task Force who participated in these and designed this report. important consultations. Your I especially would like to thank my commitment, despite busy travel staff who worked so diligently arrang- schedules and heavy agendas, is ing numerous meetings and spent much appreciated. Without your sup- many hours organizing and writing port and dedication, this phase of the this report: Ihor Wons (EA, Judy Sgro, work of the Task Force would have MP), Patricia Pepper (AA, Judy Sgro, not been so positive or so successful. MP), Lorne Randa (National Liberal I would also like to acknowledge Caucus Research Bureau), Lindsey members of the National Liberal Richardson (Parliamentary Intern) and Caucus who offered their valuable and Jena Cameron (formerly with the helpful insights and those who joined National Liberal Caucus Research the Task Force at regional round- Bureau). I would also like to recognize tables. I want to also recognize the the contribution of Emily Marangoni, assistance of the National Liberal Rossanna Pena, Judy Borges and Caucus Research Bureau, Senate Jenny Hooper. Liberal Resource Centre, Statistics Without them all, this report would Canada, and the Library of not have been possible. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v

Executive Summary

The Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues presents its interim report recommending a plan of action to develop Canada’ s Urban Strategy. This Urban Strategy will assist the Government of Canada to work more collaboratively with all our partners to enhance the quality of life and strengthen the economic competitiveness of our urban centres in the 21st Century.

n May 9th, 2001, the Prime and officials, civic politicians and Minister announced the administrators, community leaders, Ocreation of the Caucus Task business people, presidents of local Force on Urban Issues. The recom- and national organizations, experts in mendations and ideas in this interim the field and volunteer groups. In all, report emerged from the consultations the Task Force members met with arising from our mandate. more than 700 participants. In addi- We were directed to consider certain tion, the Task Force met weekly in issues such as: Ottawa to consult with Cabinet ■ Key opportunities for increasing Ministers and departmental staff. economic competitiveness in our Our consultations painted a picture cities; of urban Canada that revealed a ■ Environmental issues such as air, proud nation struggling with signifi- water quality, and land use; cant growth and an ageing infra- ■ Approaches to strengthening structure. Ever-increasing demands cultural assets; for services and programs are ■ Urban transit; becoming progressively more difficult ■ Effective approaches to settlement for municipal governments to manage and integration services for new- on their limited property tax base. As comers to Canada, bearing in mind the economic engines of the country, existing agreements with provinces; it is critical that our urban regions ■ The specific needs and circum- sustain their levels of growth and stances of at risk populations such continue to contribute to Canada’s as urban Aboriginal people, recent high quality of life. immigrants, persons with disabili- Canada’s Urban Strategy would ties and the homeless; and provide a strategic framework for a ■ Crime-related issues facing large collective approach, with the urban centres including substance Government of Canada acting as the abuse and sustainable prevention catalyst within a strengthened urban responses. partnership. It offers an opportunity Members of the Task Force visited to establish a foundation for sustain- eight urban regions – Halifax, able growth for a strong and healthy Montreal, The National Capital nation in collaboration with provin- Region, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, cial, municipal and community part- Edmonton and Vancouver. The Task ners. Given that the Government of Force met with provincial ministers Canada has a significant investment vi CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY: A VISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

in urban regions, Canada’s Urban transportation program, as well as a Strategy could facilitate fundamental long-term infrastructure program. changes to our current methods of The Task Force believes that it has program planning. presented a plan for action that Canada’s Urban Strategy should reflects the 21st century. A Strategy provide the Government of Canada that addresses the economic, social, with an opportunity to actively and environmental and cultural challenges directly participate in community but at the same time provides a building through strategic policies and unique opportunity for the Govern- programs. The Task Force recom- ment of Canada to ensure our urban mends that the Government of regions are in a strong position to lead Canada develop appropriate strategies the future health and wealth of our to ensure that resources and pro- nation. grams are strategically invested, accu- This interim report is by no means rately reflect the needs and maximize the end of the debate. Rather, it con- all available opportunities in our cludes the first phase of the mandate urban centres. and is meant to be the focus of Canada’s Urban Strategy would further dialogue which will be com- encourage all orders of government to pleted with the release of a final report coordinate resources, and consult and later this year. We hope that the collaborate on a new approach to the ideas and recommendations presented challenges in Canada’s urban regions. here will stimulate much debate Within this framework, we have and discussion among our colleagues shown that there needs to be opportu- and Canadians in every region. nities to develop a housing and

The full interim report is available on The Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues Web site: www.liberal.parl.gc.ca/urb. 1 A New Approach ...... 1 Why Canada Needs An Urban Strategy Developing Canada’s Urban Strategy Four Pillars of Canada’s Urban Strategy Measuring Effectiveness and Efficiency of Canada’s Urban Strategy Canada’s Urban Strategy for the 21st Century

2 Challenges & Opportunities ...... 7

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ...... 9 Economic Growth and Development Innovation and Research Sustainable Infrastructure Integrated, Multi-modal Transportation

SOCIAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ...... 16 Canada: A Land of Opportunity Adequate Shelter for All Urban Aboriginal People Canada: A Country Built on Immigration Safe Communities – Healthy Neighbourhoods Preserving our Heritage and Culture Building Communities

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ...... 29 Safe Water Clean Air Healthy, Well-Planned Communities Brownfields and Contaminated Sites

3 The Next Stage ...... 37

4 Appendices ...... 39 SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES PRESENTERS AT TASK FORCE MEETINGS WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ANEW APPROACH 1

A New Approach

In our urban vision for Canada, we see innovative urban regions competing successfully on a global scale, ensuring the highest quality of life for our citizens, promoting sustainable economic growth, and attaining social peace across all communities. Canada’s urban centres play a vital and leading role in the nation’s economic, environmental, social and cultural development, and must be internationally recognized as centres of excellence. The Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues

Why Canada Needs ■ Demographic Demand: The 2001 an Urban Strategy Census confirms that 80% of peo- ■ The Urban Millennium: United ple in Canada live in urban centres Nations Secretary-General Kofi – a 5.2% increase since the 1996 Annan has declared that the world Census. Most of this growth – 51% has entered the “urban millenni- – is concentrated in four major um.” An unprecedented rate of urban regions: Toronto/Golden urbanization is occurring through- Horseshoe; Montreal and environs; out the world. Three billion people Vancouver/Lower Mainland; and – nearly half the people on earth – the Calgary-Edmonton corridor. As live and work in cities. By 2030, well, there are over thirty urban over 60% of the world’s population regions in Canada with a popula- will live in cities. The United tion of 100,000 or more. Nations predicts there will be 26 ■ Urban Economy: Canada more mega-cities with populations in than ever is driven by the urban excess of ten million by the year economy, with the urban regions 2015. contributing much of the wealth of the nation:

Figure 1: Urbanization in Canada – 1871 to 1996 Urban (centres 1,000+) Rural (outside urban centres) 25,000,000

20,000,000

15,000,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

0 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1871-1996 2 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

– Halifax accounts for 47% of Nova perity. It is now more important Scotia’s GDP; than ever for national governments – Montreal Urban Community to inspire and provide opportunities accounts for 49% of Quebec’s for balanced social and economic GDP; growth in urban regions. – Greater Toronto Area accounts ■ Globalization: Canada’s ability to for 44% of Ontario’s GDP; compete successfully in world mar- – Winnipeg accounts for 67% of kets depends largely on the vitality Manitoba’s GDP; of our urban regions. – Calgary and Edmonton com- ■ International Obligations: Canada bined account for 64% of is a signatory to approximately Alberta’s GDP; and 2,000 international agreements and – Vancouver accounts for 53% of treaties. We have an obligation to British Columbia’s GDP meet or exceed the goals in those [‘Metropolitan Outlook.’ Conference agreements, and Canada’s urban Board of Canada, Spring 2001]. regions are a means of achieving ■ Innovation: The Government of those goals. Canada’s 2002 Innovation Strategy Developing Canada’s acknowledges that its success Urban Strategy depends on geographic clusters. In There is a need for coordination, a knowledge-based economy, the collaboration, cohesiveness, effective sources of competitive advantage representation and commitment to a tend to be localized. If we are to new approach for Canada’s urban accelerate the pace of innovation, regions. Canada’s Urban Strategy sug- we must improve the quality of life gests ways in which the Government in our urban regions. Our research of Canada can play a key role. institutions and higher education If we recognize that urban regions facilities are primarily located in are the engines of economic and social our urban areas. growth, then we need to develop a ■ Cities in Crisis: There is mounting mechanism to ensure their success evidence that our cities are ailing and competitiveness in the 21st cen- due to deteriorating infrastructure, tury. What instrument is best suited declining air and water quality, traf- to developing and implementing a fic gridlock, homelessness, growing Strategy for Urban Canada that pro- income polarization and marginal- vides a framework for future policies ization, and budget crises. With few and programs? The questions of ways to generate revenue other appropriate mechanisms and the than through property taxes, urban responsibility for establishing them regions are finding it increasingly will be the subject of discussion for difficult to provide basic services the second phase of our mandate. and make repairs to infrastructure. One suggestion is to work through ■ Future Prosperity: Experts agree an Urban Partnership, collaborating on the growing importance of cities and consulting with all public and as the key to Canada’s future pros- ANEW APPROACH 3

private partners, and mobilizing all federal funding for urban infra- stakeholders to work together to fulfil structure programs and funding for the goals and objectives of Canada’s projects that clearly exceed the Urban Strategy. The challenge will be fiscal capabilities of municipal gov- to find a way to coordinate all of those ernments. Priority initiatives should areas in the best interests of the include: urban regions. – A National Affordable Housing “I think we’ve noticed in We need to apply an urban “lens” to Program all policies and programs, both – A National Infrastructure many of our audits that national and international that are Program there is too much stove- directed at urban regions. An urban – A National Transportation piping. It’s how one deals perspective will guide future legisla- Program with horizontal issues in tion and policies so that programs 2. Coordination & Cohesiveness: The government especially… designed for urban centres can be Government of Canada currently assessed for both negative and posi- makes decisions and spends money I would hope that there tive impacts. in areas that have a significant could be a stronger focus The Task Force recommends that impact on urban economies and given to the coordination an advisory body be established to quality of life. Cabinet-level coordi- role… I think it’s a include representatives from key nation of current federal programs, challenge that government national organizations, the academic projects, and spending can create community, and the business sector synergy and more effectively focus will have to come to to provide on-going consultation and the Government of Canada’s activi- address as it goes advice on urban policy to the ties. We must continue to ensure forward.” Government of Canada. that Canadians receive the highest Sheila Fraser, Auditor General of Canada, We also recommend that the value from their tax dollars. To Presentation to Standing Government of Canada should foster achieve this, the Government of Committee on Health, February 2002 research on national and international Canada must consider issues of best practices, provide intelligence on national significance in a coordi- trends and conditions in our urban nated manner, not only among regions, and communicate departments but also in consultation Government of Canada activities with other orders of government. related to urban issues. By working FF 3. Collaboration & Consultation: together, we can plan new programs, Create a mechanism for meaningful policies, and projects to address top collaboration, within the priority urban issues such as Government of Canada’s jurisdic- housing, infrastructure, and transit. tion, with our public and private partners. The Government of Four Pillars of Canada’s Canada should also establish a Urban Strategy mechanism to ensure that urban Canada’s Urban Strategy should be regions are consulted on amend- based on the following four pillars: ments to existing legislation, and 1. Commitment to a New Approach proposed new legislation as well as for Urban Regions: A new international agreements which approach that includes stable may affect them. 4 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

4. Capacity building & Communi- evaluate progress, identify capital and cation: Create capacity at the operational cost-savings, and promote federal level to better understand understanding of the meaning of com- urban trends and conditions across munity sustainability and the need for Canada and internationally. This positive change.” information flow will help to guide Designing and developing the most federal decision-making. The effective performance measures Government of Canada should requires a combination of expert make efforts to develop better ways research and analysis in conjunction of communicating information with extensive consultation with key regarding the types of investments stakeholders across the country. and programs aimed at urban These stakeholders include all orders regions. of government, the public service, private sector partners, community Measuring Effectiveness and leaders, and the general public. Efficiency of Canada’s Urban Strategy Involving these stakeholders in the process enhances the commitment to The use of performance management the measures and targets, which is and assessment measures is now essential for implementing a success- standard practice both nationally and ful performance-management program internationally. In Canada, a growing and obtaining results. number of provincial and municipal Specific criteria should be devel- governments use performance oped to review and measure the measures to track and assess service actions and investments incorporated delivery efficiency and to provide into the Urban Strategy. A perfor- accountability to stakeholders. At the mance management program gener- federal level, since the amended ally follows a process that should Auditor General’s Act of 1995, sus- include the following basic core tainable development considerations elements: are built into the mandates of federal ■ Define Vision: Define long-term departments through the use of vision, goals, and objectives, taking performance measures. into account the values of all According to the 2002 Canada stakeholders. This includes looking Mortgage and Housing Corporation at, among other things, regional Report, “Theory to Practice: Lessons priorities as well as goals set by Learned From the Use of Performance international agreements. Assessment Measures to Implement ■ Determine Current Situation: Sustainable Communities,” the use of Examine the current situation and performance measures alongside a establish data to describe the properly designed performance- present and historical conditions. management program is “an invalu- Assess to what extent each current able tool to improve accountability, program does or does not meet guide policy development and revision, ANEW APPROACH 5

stakeholder values. Determine the Canada’s Urban Strategy for the gap between the current situation 21st Century and the long-term goals. An Urban Strategy for Canada should ■ Set Targets: Set short and long- provide an opportunity for the term targets within a realistic time Government of Canada to play a frame. strong role in achieving the goals of ■ Develop Action Plan: Develop an the nation while being accountable to “Federal leadership is action plan to achieve targets with- all Canadians. urgently needed to shape in the timeframes. The action plan Some of the ideas brought forth by will include developing new prac- the Task Force are not new. In the an urban agenda across tices in order to deliver services 1970s, under the Minister of State for the country. Policies, more efficiently and effectively and Urban Affairs, the Government of programs, regulations, meet the targeted improvements. Canada looked at policies and pro- standards and financing, This should include adopting best grams from an urban perspective. A all need to be driven by a practices from around the world. number of mechanisms were estab- ■ Measure Results: Develop a track- lished within that Ministry to ensure coherent strategy if they ing and reporting framework, along urban issues were given due atten- are to be effective. It is with a mechanism to analyze tion. These included a National Urban incumbent upon the results at appropriate intervals. Council where all three government federal government to There should also be a mechanism levels met and consulted on important provide the framework for for targets to be revised due to issues, an Urban Research Unit that evolving challenges and opportuni- helped facilitate dialogue and dissemi- a competitive urban ties. nate best practices, and a spokesper- nation.” ■ Communicate Results: Develop a son for the Government’s urban objec- Don Baxter The 2nd Annual Urban Summit method to effectively disseminate tives through a Ministry and Minister November 2001 results, and to provide accountabili- of State. ty to all stakeholders. It is also The purpose of the Ministry of State important to effectively communi- for Urban Affairs was to develop cate success stories and new best appropriate means for the practices in order to provide exam- Government of Canada to influence ples for others to follow. the development of urban centres and Measuring the performance of the to achieve national objectives related investments made and actions taken to urban Canada. The Task Force under Canada’s Urban Strategy allows believes that these ideals and objec- the Government of Canada to continu- tives are worth reviewing in light of ally target its investments, and ensure the “new reality” in which urban that resources are being used effi- regions are the engines of Canada’s ciently and effectively. Adopting a per- economy. formance management program will The growing challenges in Canadian ensure that the Urban Strategy is cities are not easily resolved and have based on achieving results and will far reaching ramifications. The prob- maintain credibility. lems facing urban regions are ones that affect all Canadians- whether 6 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

they are related to housing, transit, its economic successes, its future poverty, crime or pollution. Because of potential as well as its challenges. the range of issues and the diversity Therefore, the Task Force strongly of conditions, we need a strategy that recommends the Government of focuses on urban Canada – one that Canada develop an urban strategy for recognizes its tremendous resources, the 21st Century.1–2

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 1. Develop An Urban Strategy for Canada which includes: – An integrated approach to policy and program development in order to deliver a cohesive, effective urban strategy; – Examining the effect and impact of federal policies and programs on urban regions (i.e. urban lens); – A strong urban partnership developed in collaboration with all orders of government, the community, the private sector, and citizens through bilateral, trilateral and multilateral agreements and initiatives; – Priority initiatives that include: – A National Affordable Housing Program – A National Infrastructure Program – A National Transportation Program – An advisory body to provide on-going consultation and advice on urban policy to the Government of Canada; and – Fostering research on best practices, providing intelligence on trends and conditions, and communicating the Government of Canada’s activities related to urban issues. 2. Initiate further dialogue and debate on the mechanisms required to design and implement an Urban Strategy. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 7

Challenges & Opportunities

n May 9th, 2001, Prime sessions. Participants explored princi- Minister Jean Chrétien ples and priorities to guide the Oannounced the creation of a Government in its relationship with “Over the last few Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force urban regions, and suggested changes on Urban Issues. The creation of this to improve and enhance that role. decades, our cities have Task Force is the means to fulfilling They discussed local issues, chal- prospered and grown to the Government of Canada’s commit- lenges, opportunities, and prospects, become the places where a as well as options for addressing these ment, stated in the Speech from the majority of Canadians live, Throne in January 2001, to engage in issues. work and play. And, while a dialogue with citizens, experts, and The Task Force heard about civic other orders of government on the pride, economic successes, and effec- our cities have responded opportunities and challenges facing tive partnerships. However, the Task well to many of the our urban regions. Force also heard about the many challenges of rapid challenges that growth has created for The Task Force’s mission is to growth, it is clear that explore how the Government of urban regions including programs strengthened partnerships Canada can work more collabora- related to quality of life and economic tively, within its federal jurisdiction, competitiveness, financial and legisla- will be required to sustain to strengthen the quality of life in tive constraints, and the inability of and enhance the quality of Canada’s large urban centres. municipalities to address issues effec- life in our large urban tively and efficiently without adequate In order to develop a thorough areas.” resources. understanding of these issues, the Prime Minister Jean Chrétien Task Force conducted consultations Municipalities are increasingly May 9, 2001 with federal Ministers and depart- demanding recognition of their impor- ments, provincial ministers, municipal tance. Municipalities are the creation leaders, urban experts, residents, and of the provinces and territories, and representatives from national and constitutionally lie within their juris- community organizations. The Task diction. However, issues that affect Force also accepted written submis- the quality of life and economic sions from interested organizations growth are the concern of all orders of and experts. government, and indeed affect all The Task Force selected eight urban Canadians. regions in Canada: Halifax, Montreal, There was a broad consensus the National Capital Region, Toronto, among participants that the Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary, and Government of Canada should place Vancouver. Members of the Task Force more emphasis on the concerns of travelled to each of these regions to urban regions for the benefit of the meet key local experts, organizations, nation as a whole. It should be noted, and governments. We met with more however, that the success of rural than 700 people. These consultations communities is also essential to the took the form of facilitated roundtable well being and economic development 8 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

of our country. Indeed, this urban areas. Included in this amount Government’s approach to rural are transfers to the provinces desig- Canada would be an excellent model nated for urban regions. As an to follow in strengthening its relation- employer and manager, The ship with urban Canada. Government of Canada spends more In 1998, this Government spon- than $11 billion annually in salaries sored a dialogue with over 7,000 (included in above figure) and owns “When federal actions Canadians in rural and isolated approximately $3 billion worth of influence the quality of life regions. The result of this initiative property (estimated market value) in of our cities and towns, was the integration of a “rural per- urban areas. their competitiveness, their spective” in the development of federal Many federal departments have a social and demographic policies and programs, and the cre- stake in urban issues through nation- ation of the Rural Secretariat and the al objectives and international obliga- character, it would be a Canadian Rural Partnership. This ini- tions. The Task Force believes that the real anomaly not to have tiative has led to the coordination of Government of Canada should exam- direct and intense relations Government programs in rural ine spending and programs strategi- between federal and Canada, rural partnerships with local cally through an “urban dimension or municipal leaders. The governments, citizens and key stake- lens.” In addition, members of the holders, a voice for rural Canada in Task Force believe that communica- absence of such relations Cabinet, and long-term initiatives in tion and cooperation between federal would be inconceivable in rural communities – all suggestions departments and the public is essen- any federation in the the Task Force heard during its cross- tial to ensure that our investments world. Not only can country consultations on urban are really working for the benefit of federal-municipal issues. urban Canadians. The Government of Canada has The Task Force heard that the interaction be established always shown an interest and played a Government of Canada needs to better while fully respecting the key role in urban life. For many years, coordinate its programs and spending provinces, it can be done it has been an active partner with in urban areas, strengthen its rela- with their participation, so stakeholders at all levels in programs tionships with partners in government that the three orders of that help ensure that urban and with community leaders, address Canadians can enjoy safe streets, a cross-jurisdictional issues and inter- government establish a strong economy, access to post- national obligations, and enhance maximum synergy among secondary education, parks and muse- community and nation building. themselves. This is the ums, affordable housing, pensions, Canadians are tired of the constant goal of the Government of and income support for families. bickering between orders of govern- Canada.” The Government of Canada is a sig- ment and want to see their elected Honourable Stéphane Dion nificant investor in urban areas, both officials working together to meet their Minister of in terms of its physical presence and objectives and responsibilities. The Intergovernmental Affairs Address at FCM Annual the services which it delivers. In the Task Force believes that a coordinat- General Meeting, May 26, 2001 2000-2001 fiscal year, the ed, collaborative approach involving Government invested more than all orders of government is needed to $55 billion in direct and indirect ensure the success of urban Canada. services and programs in large CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 9

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

Economic Growth and economy has put pressure on all Development urban centres to sustain economic As in other countries, the wealth of development and growth. For the Canada’s urban regions contributes to country to be economically competitive the success of the provinces in which on a global scale, cities must attract “Our cities compete with they are located and to the wealth of the most innovative and dynamic more than 300 city regions the nation as a whole. entrepreneurs and companies. The Task Force heard that one of the Companies are looking for centres of worldwide, everyday. recurring challenges that hinders eco- learning and innovation, skilled work- These competitor regions nomic growth and development is the ers, upgraded infrastructure, a com- are where innovation dependence on property taxes as the petitive cost of doing business, and the flourishes, where new largest source of revenue for municipal highest quality of life. To compete economy industries thrive, governments. Ironically, the rate of globally, our urban areas must have growth that is a measure of success of the appropriate balance and appeal of and where the globe’s best the urban centres is constrained by the infrastructure, amenities, lifestyle, and talent reside. Their capacity of municipal governments to high environmental quality. strength drives the success raise enough revenue to keep pace with Globalization is having an enor- of their national demands. Property tax revenue is limit- mous impact on our economy. In a economies. Canadian city ed and does not take into consideration global economy, physical and intellec- a person’s or business’ ability to pay. tual assets move easily across nation- regions must be able to This was an issue almost 30 years ago al borders. Most of Canada’s larger compete internationally – when it was recognized by the centres are portal cities, and border it is clear that the future Federation of Canadian Municipalities issues are important to trade and prosperity of our country in their 1976 report, “Puppets on a tourism. We must promote Canadian depends on it.” Shoestring,” and it is still the subject of cities internationally as desirable Elyse Allan, President and CEO much discussion. destinations for travel and business. Toronto Board of Trade Some provincial and territorial gov- Canada’s trade is mainly North-South, March 2002 ernments have special agreements with approximately 85% of our with their municipalities which allow exports going to the United States. these cities greater powers to generate Canada’s ability to compete success- In order to attract foreign revenue and engage in private-public fully in American and global markets business, we need to partnerships. Despite these excep- will depend on the strength of our tions, the Task Force heard a growing cities. streamline the work of the concern from both business and The economic success of urban financial commissioners municipal leaders that Canadian regions is determined to a large extent and create one National urban regions cannot compete as long by the competitiveness of its industry Securities Commission. as they have insufficient revenue. clusters which are “a set of inter- The National Capital Region This is especially true given the trend linked private sector industries and Roundtable October 21, 2001 & March 18, to downloading which has increased public sector institutions whose final 2002 responsibilities without increasing production reaches markets outside of revenue sources. the region” [ICF Consulting, 2000]. Canada’s evolution to an urban Canada benefits from a highly 10 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

skilled labour force, however a major centralized in urban areas. barrier is inter-provincial mobility. The Government of Canada has rec- Canadian workers need to be able to ognized the importance of urban cen- move freely to and from urban areas tres as economic engines. Industry that need specific trades or skills. In Canada and Human Resources many trades and professions, provin- Development Canada (HRDC) have cial regulations differ, especially in developed an Innovation Strategy, “Governments need to regard to recognition of qualifications which is a course for improving pro- recognize the earliest signs and credentials. This hinders both ductivity, increasing research and of emerging clusters and individual mobility and economic leading edge innovation, improving the provide community-based development. interconnectedness of urban areas support. Each cluster and In addition, the emergence of new regionally, nationally and globally, economic sectors (such as bio-med- and improving the quality and num- host community has ical, fibre-optics, media, Internet, etc.) ber of skilled labour and trades work- unique strengths and means that urban centres need a ers. In addition, with leadership from challenges. The challenge multi-skilled, multi-faceted workforce. HRDC, the Forum of Labour Market for governments is to These new kinds of industries rely on Ministers has been working toward provide the right kind of huge networks and the clustering of achieving more efficient labour mobili- resources, both human and techno- ty with a goal to ensure full compli- support at the right time to logical. Urban areas must offer a high ance with labour mobility provisions create the conditions for but affordable quality of life that in the Agreement on Internal Trade. self-sustaining growth. appeals to people in both the low and These actions by the Government of This support often takes high salary ranges. This will attract Canada are a significant step forward the form of infrastructure skilled workers who will in turn in increasing the competitiveness of attract business and investment. our urban centres. Economic develop- to enable education, Canada is at an advantage globally. ment, however, cannot be done by the training, networking and According to the KPMG’s 2002 private sector alone or by a single research for which there “Competitive Alternatives” study, order of government working in isola- are clear public benefits Canada is the most cost-efficient tion. The Task Force found a strong but no business case for country in which to do business; is consensus on the need for the one of the most connected to the Government of Canada to continue to private sector providers.” Internet; and has one of the most support economic development. This Industry Canada “Achieving Excellence, highly educated labour forces. This will also require cooperation and Investing in People, Knowledge and Opportunity: Canada’s makes Canada very attractive for eco- collaboration between all orders of Innovation Strategy.” 2001 nomic investment – much of which is government and the community.3–4

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 3. Continue to collaborate with other orders of government and support development of regional economic growth strategies that establish priority action plans. 4. Continue to work with the Provinces towards the harmonization of inter- provincial professional qualifications and trade certification. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 11

Innovation and Research Thus, it is important that broadband Innovation, research and development infrastructure is increased and are significant factors in an urban enhanced to keep Canada’s competi- region’s economic growth and make tive edge as one of the most connected an important contribution to its com- countries in the world. This includes a petitiveness. particular focus on developing broad- band access to rural and remote The level of innovation in an econo- Regional economies will my depends on the skills of the labour areas, in order to connect Canadians benefit from investments in force, the amount of investment in across the country and around the research and development, the level of world. innovation and research at support from governments and the Interconnectedness is also impor- universities, and from private sector, and the role of univer- tant between governments and citi- assistance in funding zens, community groups and private sities and research institutes. research on the Universities have a tremendously business. E-government, which is an implementation of ideas positive impact on an urban region’s innovative tool that offers government economic health, especially in a information and services via the into the market place. Internet, has the potential to increase Winnipeg Roundtable knowledge-based economy. Not only October 11-12, 2001 do universities train and educate accountability and service delivery. highly skilled individuals, they are The Government of Canada is a leader also the centres of excellence in in e-government and is constantly research and development. Canada’s increasing the content of information universities are world leaders in col- and services available over the laboration with industry, as well as in Internet. helping urban regions by developing Large municipalities are often at the “Significant investments in leaders and innovators for Canada’s forefront of e-government services, but knowledge-based industries. They do effective implementation faces poten- electronic infrastructure provide the environment for research tial problems such as the cost of are necessary to ensure and development that responds to the development and content, access to Canada’s long-term expertise, and the cost of security for demands of changing markets. They productivity, economic can also help us regain the top rank a website. Overcoming these problems growth and competi- in excellence in urban practices. We can benefit both governments and need to support our post secondary citizens by clarifying the responsibili- tiveness.” ties of various orders of government, Federation of Canadian institutions as the educators of Municipalities Canada’s labour force. increasing communication with ‘National Municipal Electronic Infrastructure Program’ The Internet is a necessary tool in citizens and, in some cases, increase October 2001 the knowledge-based economy. It speed of service delivery. The sharing allows business, governments and of expertise and best practices can citizens to engage with each other in create cost savings and improve an extremely fast and efficient way – consistency of e-government services across regions, across the country between governments. and across the globe. Markets with The Government of Canada has suitable communication infrastruc- shown leadership in many areas of tures are typically the most attractive, innovation and research. Industry and most successful, economies. Canada launched the Innovation 12 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Strategy and several other programs brand Canada as a reliable source of that involve partnership with the pri- advanced technologies and knowledge vate sector, other orders of govern- about sustainable communities. It has ment and the community. The goal of shown that by sharing our expertise the Government of Canada’s and addressing development problems Connecting Canadians Strategy is to in other countries, we can increase ensure all Canadians have access to our sales abroad and enhance our “Innovation is an the Internet through schools and presence in foreign markets. economic driver. It is one libraries. This program has invested Conference Board of Canada of the most important more than $55 million in our urban research shows that Canadian firms means to improve centres through the Community are not as innovative as they could be competitiveness, generate Access Program. and that innovative performance is Industry Canada has implemented poor compared to other OECD coun- wealth, create jobs, and several relevant programs and strate- tries. There is a need to continue to sustain high quality of life. gies in partnership with universities focus on innovation to ensure Canada’s But innovation does not and the private sector. The future economic prosperity.5–7 exist in isolation. It Technology Partnerships Canada Sustainable Infrastructure requires a fertile (TPC) program has invested more than $1.8 billion in urban centres Every day, businesses and citizens environment in which to during the 2000-2001 fiscal year. In rely on basic government services and grow – an environment addition, the Government of Canada physical infrastructure like telecom- that government, business, is investing millions of dollars in munications and the Internet, water investors, the financial research institutions and universities and sewage treatment, highways, pub- lic transit, airports, and power lines. community, universities by sponsoring research chairs and Centres of Excellence to encourage Maintaining current systems and and individual Canadians research and development, and bring building new infrastructure is critical all affect and, to some innovative technology to market. to sustaining the quality of life for all extent, control.” The Sustainable Cities Initiative citizens as well as the day-to-day ‘Investing in Innovation’ (SCI) is a successful demonstration of operations of private companies. Conference Board of Canada how the Government of Canada, the Sustainable infrastructure is the foun- private sector, non-government groups dation for economic growth and and other orders of government can development, and is one of the main work together towards a common components of any strategy to objective. The focus of the SCI is to promote economic competitiveness.

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 5. Build on the success of the Sustainable Cities Initiative and continue to brand and support Canadian urban centres as sources of innovation and sustainability. 6. Build on existing partnerships with universities and the public/private sectors to support and facilitate research and development, and innovation. 7. Continue to invest in e-government programs. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 13

The Task Force heard from civic such as highways and wastewater officials that they were once proud of treatment facilities. their infrastructure but that lack of The Government of Canada must resources and rapid growth has continue to recognize the financial dif- caused much of their older infrastruc- ficulties of municipal governments in ture systems to fall into disrepair and maintaining, replacing and construct- require significant investment. This is ing infrastructure. In recognition of Most of Toronto’s most evident in the areas of trans- this problem, the Government of portation, water and wastewater. Canada has established several infra- infrastructure is more than Although Canadian urban areas are structure programs targeted towards 30 years old. In order to experiencing high rates of economic projects in both urban and rural areas remain competitive, urban and population growth, municipal such as the five-year, $2.05 billion regions need to be able to governments are often unable to han- Infrastructure Canada Program and access long-term, dle the associated costs. Growth the more recent $2 billion Strategic makes it necessary to build new infra- Infrastructure Fund. The Strategic sustainable funding to structure for new areas, renew ageing Infrastructure Fund is designed for repair and maintain infrastructure, and maintain existing the Government of Canada to work infrastructure. systems. with provincial and municipal govern- Toronto Roundtable A recent report by Enid Slack for ments, as well as public-private part- October 9-10, 2001 the C.D. Howe Institute entitled nerships, to achieve significant objec- “Municipal Finance and the Pattern of tives in maintaining and creating large Urban Growth” (February 2002) high- sustainable infrastructure projects. In lights the on-going problem of munici- addition, there are initiatives under- pal tax structures which encourage way such as the development of the low-density developments that typical- Federation of Canadian Municipalities ly have higher associated infrastruc- (FCM) and the National Research “The modern economy of ture requirements and consequently, Council’s (NRC) Canadian Guide for the 21st century requires a higher costs for municipal govern- Sustainable Infrastructure. This guide backbone of sound ments. will be a catalogue of best planning, physical infrastructure to The challenge of creating sustain- design and implementation practices able infrastructure must involve to be applied to cities across Canada. sustain the nation’s municipal, provincial and federal gov- The Government of Canada must be growth and quality of ernments. Public-private partnerships involved in the process of ensuring that life…Investments in are an innovative and creative Canada’s physical infrastructure will infrastructure will stimulate approach to finding solutions. Many have longevity and durability. The job creation and urban centres are partnering with the focus should be on finding creative public/private sector to finance and solutions that involve all orders of gov- confidence in the short operate various infrastructure projects ernment as well as the private sector.8 term and make the economy more productive and competitive in the The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: long term.” 8. Establish a long-term National Infrastructure Program that will build on The Budget Plan 2001 current programs to provide stable, reliable funding (i.e. 15 years). 14 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Integrated, Multi-modal Toronto Area alone through lost Transportation productivity. Transportation infrastructure is a key The costs of building, maintaining component of economic competitive- and expanding transportation infra- ness as well as quality of life in urban structure is mainly the responsibility areas. The quick, efficient transporta- of municipal government and with escalating growth in urban regions, “Traffic congestion is tion of goods and passengers is vital. When modes of transportation are the number of vehicles on the roads becoming an ever-greater inadequate to meet demand, and are has increased exponentially. economic drain and hampered by congestion and traffic Congestion is not so much a symptom environmental threat, and gridlock, the consequences are of not enough roads, but of not the costs of driving significant. investing enough in other forms of transportation. continue to increase. In Gridlock is seriously affecting competitiveness in our urban regions. Transportation links and infra- response, national transit Access to airports and ports, freight structure are essential to the flow of ridership has risen every pickup and delivery, just-in-time goods and people. year since 1996, and delivery schedules, and business Integrating modes of transportation jumped 3.4% in the last activities are all hindered by conges- could improve this flow by reducing reliance on some modes of transpor- year alone. We need to tion. Road congestion causes huge losses to productivity and commercial tation and encouraging others. Multi- capitalize on this revenues. It also results in greater fuel modal transportation will improve momentum with better consumption, additional emission of economic competitiveness and devel- service, rather than air pollutants, and greenhouse gases. opment, the environment and quality extinguish it with an Congestion is affecting the quality of of life. Current federal infrastructure indifferent response.” life in urban areas. Canadians are programs, including the Strategic ‘At the Crossroads: Towards a spending more and more time in cars, Federal Vision for Urban Transit’ stuck in traffic, on their daily com- Infrastructure Fund, already focus Canadian Urban Transit Association, May 2001 mutes to and from work, school and on roads, highways and public transit. recreation. The lack of adequate alter- As well, Transport Canada is current- native forms of transportation such as ly working with the Canadian Urban public transit and bicycle and walking Transit Association, Federation of trails also adds to the problem. Canadian Municipalities and other The Task Force heard that trans- federal departments to help develop a portation is a major concern – from strategic vision for urban transit. The backlogged cars and trucks on major Government has committed $600 mil- roads through Montreal, to pressure lion, from 2002-2006, to the on the few routes that connect Ottawa Strategic Highway Infrastructure and Gatineau, to congestion on major Program (SHIP) to improve trans- roads into Calgary’s downtown core, portation routes throughout Canada, to gridlock on the Lions Gate Bridge and in particular at border crossings into Vancouver. Urban transportation with the United States. The must be improved. The Task Force Government of Canada is promoting heard that congestion costs an esti- the use of urban transit with the pilot mated $2 billion in the Greater ECOPASS project that allows civil CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 15

servants to pay for transit passes airports to downtowns with passenger through automatic salary deductions. rail lines, increasing freight rail use, The Task Force heard from munici- improving conditions of ports, and pal governments, businesses and non- preserving abandoned rail corridors governmental groups that all orders of for future light rail transit use or for government must invest more in the development of walking and bike urban transit. Tripartite cooperation trails. Light rail transit expansion and agreements between the orders of Canada is the only G8 country government, as well as partnerships without a national urban transit and major interchanges on with the private sector, will be key to investment program. The Task Force the Yellowhead Trail are solving congestion problems. believes it is time that the Govern- priorities that must be met Members of the Task Force believe ment of Canada develop a program to to address Edmonton’s that a special emphasis should be specifically address urban transit. The transportation needs. placed on improving accessibility and United States’ Transportation Equity Edmonton Roundtable service of public transit, improving Act for the 21st Century may be a August 23, 2001 regional transit systems, connecting model worth examining.9–10

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 9. Establish A National Transportation Program that would: – Provide long-term sustainable funding for public transportation systems; – Invest strategically in integrated multi-modal transportation systems; and – Invest in high-speed rail service to connect major centres. 10. Ensure that unused railway rights-of-way and corridors are preserved and made available at net salvage value or at no cost for future transit or be developed into recreational trails. 16 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SOCIAL CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

Canada: a Land of Opportunity A more recent report by the United The Government of Canada must Way of Greater Toronto and the ensure that Canada is a land of Canadian Council on Social opportunity for all Canadians, despite Development (CCSD) entitled “A “… Poverty is primarily economic, social or physical differ- Decade of Decline” shows the income gap has widened between wealthy and an urban phenomenon – ences. Our urban areas are home to a growing number of vulnerable people less well off households as the propor- a poor person is more and more must be done to address tion of low income families rises likely to live in an urban social problems such as poverty, drug (16.8% to 20% in Toronto) and the area than elsewhere.” and alcohol abuse, and marginaliza- proportion of higher income families Kevin Lee, tion. The working poor and their chil- rises (18% to 23.2% in Toronto). These “Urban Poverty in Canada,” numbers are indicative of a trend Canadian Council on Social dren, single-parent families, seniors, Development, 2000 urban Aboriginals, and people with across the country and also reflect a disabilities are most often at risk. growing income gap between neigh- One of the most evident inequalities bourhoods. in urban areas is income polarization. Those below the low income cut-off The number of individuals below the line tend to be seniors and the work- low income cut-off is on the rise in ing poor, single-parent families, people urban areas. In 1998, more than with disabilities, immigrants, refugees, 5 million people were below the low women, and Aboriginals. income cut-off before taxes. Over half Child and family poverty is increas- (55.0%) of these individuals live in ing in Canadian cities. By continuing Canada’s largest metropolitan areas – to seek out solutions to the problems which account for 49.3% of the of poverty, we can optimize child population. development and lifelong learning, as well as encourage community building and social inclusion. Persons with low income before The Government of Canada has rec- tax for Urban Regions, 1998 ognized the importance of this issue All Urban Regions 500,000+ 19.4% with its National Children’s Agenda Halifax 17.9% and the Early Childhood Develop- Québec City 20.3% ment (ECD) Agreement (2000). Montréal 29.0% However, much more needs to be done Ottawa-Gatineau 20.9% before we see the elimination of child Toronto 14.8% poverty in Canada. Hamilton-Burlington 12.7% Another significant concern is the London 15.5% growing problem of alcohol and Winnipeg 21.0% substance abuse and all the social Calgary 16.7% challenges that accompany these Edmonton 17.8% addictions. A National Drug Strategy Vancouver 16.1% is needed to enhance prevention mea- Source: CANSIM II. Statistics Canada sures, improve treatment and rehabili- CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 17

tation, and support an expanded range buildings like libraries, recreation cen- of enforcement and control responses, tres, and museums, and other com- such as drug treatment courts. It will munity programs and services. It is also emphasize international coopera- important that the Government of tion to fight the war on drugs, and Canada work towards promoting the provide support for research and eval- integration of all individuals, and uation. [Opportunity for All: The Liberal encourage sensitivity in communities. Plan, November 2000] The Government of Canada should The Vancouver Agreement is an continue to address these issues so as excellent model of federal-provincial- to ensure that everyone can enjoy municipal cooperation with an initial living and working in their communi- focus on addressing the escalating ties. We must promote the Canadian crisis of disease, crime, poverty and values of understanding, tolerance homelessness in Vancouver’s and respect in order that all individu- Downtown Eastside. The Agreement als have a chance to contribute to provides a five-year strategy for society.11–13 achieving a sustainable community. Adequate Shelter for All So far the results are positive and encouraging. Other areas with similar In nearly every major urban region, concerns – Montreal with prostitution, the Task Force heard that the shortage Halifax with crime among young peo- of affordable housing is one of the ple – could learn from the Vancouver biggest challenges affecting economic experience. competitiveness and quality of life. To benefit from the range of pro- Municipal governments and housing grams and services available in our providers cannot meet the demand for urban areas, individuals must have affordable housing and emergency access to them. This is especially diffi- shelter. As more and more people cult for people with disabilities and migrate to cities, the pressure to find seniors. There are problems in regard suitable accommodation has a ripple to adequate housing policies (indepen- effect on society as a whole. As compe- dent living), accessible transit (includ- tition for existing housing stock inten- ing para-transit), access to community sifies, tenants at the lower end of the

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 11. Review the federal income support systems to ensure they are meeting the needs of Canada’s most vulnerable population. 12. Continue to work with all orders of government and childcare agencies to ensure that all children have access to quality childcare and early education, and reaffirm our commitment to eliminating child poverty. 13. Implement a National Drug Strategy that will involve all orders of government, community agencies and the voluntary sector. 18 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

market increasingly have no choice not only affordable but close to shops, but to turn to shelters or remain in services and transit in neighbour- already overcrowded conditions. hoods where they feel comfortable and Canada Mortgage and Housing support services are accessible. Corporation estimates that 1.7 million Homelessness is a complex problem families are in “core housing need.” that is a result of the many pressures The majority of these are families with in urban society: shortage of afford- “Lack of adequate and children, senior citizens and able housing, overflowing emergency appropriate housing limits Aboriginal households. [CMHC Annual shelters, lack of support systems for the opportunities for Report 2001] people at risk, unemployment and people in terms of The situation is compounded by a poverty. Mental illness and addiction education, employment, number of other factors such as very are also significant causes of home- low vacancy rates, rising rents, little lessness. The number of people pan- and participation in society new rental housing, both private and handling, sleeping on the streets, or generally.” social – from approx. 37,000 to less living in shelters is a clear indication Saskatoon Housing Initiatives Partnership; April 2001 than 2,000 annually over the past that the social safety net, which four years – and a high cost of land. It Canada is so proud of, is clearly fail- is estimated that about 656,000 fami- ing a segment of society. Calgary lies pay over 50% of their income on roundtable participants told the Task rent – 20% more than families are Force that on any given night expected to pay for shelter. This leaves approximately 1,200 people in their precious little for food, clothing, trans- city are sleeping in shelters. At the portation and personal necessities. Toronto roundtable, we were told the [CMHC Annual Report 2001] city provides emergency accommo- Our ageing population has also put dation for approximately 30,000 enormous pressure on housing people a year, and these numbers are providers to build suitable affordable rising. housing. Seniors need housing that is If Canada is judged on how it deals with these issues, then it appears that Rental Vacancy Rates for Urban there is still much to be done. The Regions, 2000 challenge is enormous. However, by Calgary 1.2% working together on long-term solu- Edmonton 1.4% tions, we can address the needs of the Gatineau 1.1% marginalized in society. This effort Halifax 3.5% must include all orders of govern- Kitchener 0.7% ment, citizens and community organi- Montreal 1.5% zations. Ottawa 0.2% Following reports on homelessness Québec City 1.5% such as the “Golden Report” that Regina 1.4% declared homelessness a crisis in Toronto 0.6% Toronto and other large Canadian Vancouver 1.3% cities, the Government of Canada Winnipeg 2.0% appointed a federal coordinator who Source: CMHC, 2001 conducted an intensive examination CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 19

and analysis of the issue. In projects; from transition shelters for December 1999, the National women to co-op housing. Canada Homelessness Initiative (NHI) was Mortgage and Housing Corporation, launched which committed $753 the Government’s national housing million to resolving this urgent situa- agency, disbursed almost $820 mil- tion. Of that, a large proportion was lion to 13 cities during 2000/2001 allocated to programs for groups most and this includes subsidies for public “Homelessness is the tip of at risk. Forty-three million was allo- housing, non-profit housing and co-op cated to CMHC Shelter housing. Through the Residential the iceberg. For every Enhancement Program, $59 million Rehabilitation Assistance Program homeless person visible on to the Urban Aboriginal Strategy, (RRAP), CMHC also spent more than the street, four families are and $59 million to the Youth $100 million annually on renovating at risk of losing the roof Homelessness Component. existing housing. over their head.” Under the Supporting Canada Lands Company Ltd. an FCM Communities Partnership Initiative arms-length non-agent Crown “A National Affordable Housing Strategy” (SCPI), a cornerstone of the NHI, Corporation, is making an important October 2000 $305 million is available for equal contribution to increasing the stock of cost-sharing agreements with volun- affordable housing through the dis- tary, non-profit, public or private posal of surplus government lands. To sector groups. SCPI assists communi- date, 16,000 new and refurbished ties to implement local strategies to residential units have been created prevent and reduce homelessness. across the country and $32 million The Government of Canada allo- has been spent to clean up urban cated a total of $680 million in the spaces to be used for residential and 2001 Budget spread over five years commercial development. [Canada for an affordable housing program. Lands Company Ltd. Annual Report, The Finance Minister recognized the 2000-2001]. necessity for a collaborative approach The Task Force heard from com- when he said, “Housing is a basic munity groups and voluntary organi- need…..and meeting that need must zations that are working to provide be the responsibility of us all” [Budget affordable low-cost housing for needy Speech to the House of Commons, families. For many of these groups, December 10, 2001]. The commitment such as Habitat for Humanity and is based on a cost-sharing partnership Options for Homes, the challenges of with the provinces on parameters laid working with limited funds and find- out by the Government of Canada and ing suitable land require resourceful agreed upon by all parties. Thus far, and inventive thinking. The Ontario Quebec, British Columbia, Nunavut Municipal Employees Retirement and the North West Territories have System (OMERS), for example, is signed a bilateral agreement. working in partnership with Concert For many years, the Government of Properties of Vancouver to invest in Canada has been a partner with the medium to low market rental housing non-profit sector in developing, build- as well as in other large infrastruc- ing, funding and managing housing ture projects. It is important to 20 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

acknowledge and support such people live off reserve, the majority groups and include them in any concentrated in cities. Recent estimates affordable housing strategy. indicate that the urban Aboriginal Despite these initiatives, there is population is expected to dramatically still a critical shortage of housing. increase over the next decade [Royal A strong and effective urban partner- Commission on Aboriginal Peoples ship will provide the foundation to (RCAP) projection 1991-2016]. The most realize the goals of providing “shelter highly urbanized segments of the for all.” 14–15 Aboriginal population are the Métis and non-status Indian populations. Urban Aboriginal People Like many others, Aboriginal people The past fifty years have seen a dra- are drawn to urban centres by the matic increase in the rate of urbaniza- attraction of employment, education, tion among the Aboriginal population. and a better quality of life. In 1951, only seven per cent of The urbanization of Aboriginal Aboriginal people lived in urban areas. Canada reads like a tale of two cities. Today, more than half of all Aboriginal Many Aboriginal people arrive in cities

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 14. Establish A National Affordable Housing Program that could include: – Strengthening the mandate of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation to develop A National Affordable Housing Program in collaboration with all orders of government, and housing providers; – Building on existing federal housing programs; – Changes to CMHC mortgage underwriting criteria to allow a more customized and flexible system; – Providing additional resources and flexibility in the RRAP program to rehabilitate existing properties; – Examining the federal tax environment related to rental housing and creating appropriate incentives; – Establishing grants against the cost of CMHC mortgage insurance; – Providing targeted mortgage insurance for brownfield redevelopment in areas where there is a shortage of affordable housing; – Facilitating agreements with municipalities to transfer small tracts of surplus land, owned by the Canada Lands Company, to community groups; and – Offering grants to community housing groups to support the restoration and conversion of heritage properties for affordable housing. 15. Extend the Supporting Communities Partnership Initiative (SCPI) beyond three years in order to meet its objectives to eliminate homelessness. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 21

ill-equipped to face the many chal- urban Aboriginal middle class has lenges that come with adjusting to, and emerged; a growing number of living in, an urban environment. They Aboriginal people are graduating from often “face overwhelming problems that post-secondary institutions. There are are rooted in cultural dislocation and now 30,000 graduates and another powerlessness, discrimination and eco- 27, 000 Inuit and First Nations stu- nomic hardship” [RCAP, 1996]. dents enrolled in colleges and univer- There is a need for a Compared to non-Aboriginal people, sities across Canada. [Department of urban Aboriginal people have lower Indian and Northern Affairs, Canada. national vision for urban incomes, lower labour force participa- Submission to the Prime Minister’s Aboriginal people which tion rates, and higher rates of Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues, includes funding and unemployment, lower education, a February 2002] resources for programs higher rate of incarceration, and more The urban Aboriginal population is such as pre-employment welfare dependency. While urban significantly younger than the non- Aboriginal people in general live in Aboriginal population and is the most and life skills training, disadvantaged circumstances, rapidly growing of all groups. Almost affordable housing, youth Aboriginal women, and more specifi- half of all Aboriginal people under initiatives and health cally Aboriginal single mothers, are 25 years of age live in urban areas programs. the most disadvantaged. where they face considerable chal- Vancouver Roundtable A study released by CCSD on urban lenges. The Task Force heard that November 15-16, 2001 poverty found that in 1995, Aboriginal more educational supports are needed people were more than twice as likely in elementary and secondary to live in poverty as non-Aboriginal schools for urban Aboriginals. While people and today the situation is Aboriginal youth hold out great much the same. Nowhere is the promise, if the challenges they face incidence of poverty more pronounced are ignored it will have dire conse- than in western urban centres. In quences for both Aboriginal communi- Regina, for instance, Aboriginal people ties and Canadian society as a whole. accounted for approximately 24.3% of The Task Force learned that the the poor population – more than three lack of affordable housing is one of times the proportion of the total popu- the most serious problems facing lation. Nationally, average income for urban Aboriginal people. Inner-city Aboriginal people is 33% below the ghettos are developing with street average income for non-Aboriginals gangs, crime, substance abuse and and unemployment rates are almost other social ills. A collaborative twice as high. Given the relatively approach to housing and crime is high concentration of Aboriginal peo- needed if this serious situation is to ple in western Canada, the adverse be resolved. If we ignore these economic and social conditions in problems, our social peace will these centres very much determine inevitably suffer. the outcome for the Aboriginal Task Force member, The population as a whole. Honourable Thelma Chalifoux, There are some positive develop- Senator (Alberta), Chair of the ments. In recent decades, a sizeable Standing Senate Committee on 22 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Aboriginal Peoples, makes the follow- require adequate shelter. ing important points in regard to ■ In order to deal effectively with the housing issues: many social problems associated ■ Throughout Canada, the First with the lack of housing in our Nations, the Metis and the Inuit urban centres, partnerships with each have their own housing existing aboriginal housing societies. Some of these programs providers must be a priority. Inner allow all Aboriginal groups to rent city shelter providers and municipal from each other but others do not. governments must be included in A status-blind regulation MUST be any partnership initiatives. included in all operating agreements The Government of Canada has to ensure fair and equitable access recognized the growing problems of to a national housing strategy. the urban Aboriginal population with ■ With many federal/provincial trans- a specific Urban Aboriginal Strategy. fer agreements still being negotiat- It is estimated that a total of $270 ed, this has caused much confusion million annually is directed to urban over jurisdiction. Nationwide, there Aboriginal programming through a are approximately 11,000 Aboriginal variety of projects. For example, the housing units in urban centres to National Homelessness Initiative is serve a growing population, many of supporting the Urban Aboriginal who are considered in dire need and Strategy with $59 million for emer-

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 16. Review the policy and planning process for funding of programs for urban Aboriginal people, and develop a more collaborative and coordinated approach with other orders of government to strategically fund and better deliver services and programs to Aboriginal people in urban areas. 17. Partner with other orders of government and community Aboriginal groups to find ways to lower poverty levels, provide employment opportunities and expand the stock of affordable housing for urban Aboriginal population, especially among youth. 18. Work with our urban partners to increase the number of pilot projects in selected urban centres as currently included in the Urban Aboriginal Strategy. 19. Encourage cooperation between Urban Reserves and surrounding urban regions. 20. Examine current policies and develop ways to target the special needs of the Urban Aboriginal population, including Metis and non-Status Indians. 21. Strengthen educational supports, in cooperation with First Nations, Metis and non-status Indians at post secondary levels to better meet the needs of Aboriginal peoples in urban centres. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 23

gency shelters and other responses Highly skilled immigrants and tem- to tackle homelessness among the porary workers are important in the Aboriginal population. development of a knowledge-based In order to improve the effective- economy. Many industries are experi- ness of the Urban Aboriginal Strategy, encing a critical shortage of highly there must be greater coordination skilled construction workers, between government departments and plumbers, electricians, stonemasons, Immigration is an orders of government, coupled with carpenters, and tool and die makers. additional resources to test innovative Immigrant skilled labour contributes important source of new approaches. The Task Force believes significantly to the economic growth of manpower and ideas. The the Urban Aboriginal Strategy should the urban centres. Government should invest coordinate programming directed The measure of success of any more in immigration and towards urban Aboriginals. immigration policy is in the integra- ensure that immigration Questions of jurisdictional respon- tion of individuals and families into sibility for urban Aboriginal people their communities. For many families, policy reflects the needs of have only added to the complexity of assistance with housing, employment urban regions. the issue. All orders of government and support for their children is Montreal Roundtable November 12-13, 2001 must make a sustained effort to work essential to overcoming the barriers to together to improve the lives of urban smooth integration and becoming Aboriginal people.16–21 independent. Within a short time, newcomers are able to contribute eco- Canada: A Country Built on nomically, socially, and culturally to Immigration the fabric of Canadian society. In the Canada has always been a land of 2000-2001 fiscal year, CIC spent opportunity for millions of immigrants more than $320 million for settle- and refugees, and continues to be so. ment and language programs in Immigration is the basis of our multi- large urban regions, with most of this cultural society and contributes to our money going into Toronto, Montreal Canadian values of understanding, and Vancouver. This is in addition to tolerance and respect. transfer payments to the provinces Approximately 220,000 immigrants under the Canada Health and Social and refugees enter Canada each year. Transfer. The Task Force was also told Eighty-five per cent flow into urban that current programs are sometimes centres. Approximately 48% of immi- too short term to be effective and con- grants and refugees settled in sequently, municipal governments Toronto, 15% in Vancouver, 12% in must fill in the gaps with their sup- Montreal, and 8% collectively in port programs. Calgary, Ottawa-Carleton, Edmonton, Immigrants face several challenges Winnipeg, Hamilton, London, Quebec integrating into Canadian society. A City, Halifax, Regina, Saskatoon, and major barrier is language. The short- Victoria [Citizenship and Immigration age of resources for English and Canada. Submission to Prime French as a Second Language, and Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban skills training for immigrants often Issues, 2001]. hinders their ability to enter the work 24 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

force and fill labour shortages. Thus, immigrants often have difficulty find- language classes, especially for ing jobs in their field because profes- women and children, are one of the sional associations do not always most important services offered by accept their foreign credentials. resettlement agencies. Another barrier The City of Ottawa, in partnership is the lack of recognition for foreign with Human Resources Development educational and professional qualifica- Canada, and community and business tions. Even highly skilled professional partners, operates “Partners for Jobs”,

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 22. Develop a cohesive approach that involves the coordination between orders of government, and non-governmental organizations that offer settlement services, language training and cultural resources to better meet the needs of the immigrant population. 23. Review with provincial and municipal governments the formula for funding settlement, integration programs and services in urban centres. 24. Consult and work with urban regions on immigration policies/programs. 25. Increase the resources to non-government organizations and community groups to provide additional support services for families, particularly language classes for women and their children. 26. Inform prospective immigrants and new arrivals about conditions and services in Canada BEFORE they leave their country of origin, and include a well- developed and up-to-date “Welcome to Canada” package listing the various services available to newcomers. 27. Streamline the Immigration and Refugee Board process in order to ensure that all claims are processed with maximum efficiency and as expeditiously as possible. 28. Provide access to appropriate upgrading/training programs for newcomers, as well as assessment of credentials and access to trades and professions. 29. Encourage Human Resources Development Canada to enter into more sectoral agreements to facilitate the quick and efficient entry of temporary foreign workers to fill national and regional labour shortages. 30. Convene a bi-annual Conference on Immigration with all orders of government. This will assist provinces and urban regions with declining populations to benefit from national expertise and resources to attract newcomers. 31. Continue negotiations with provincial governments that have not yet signed the bilateral agreement on immigration policies. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 25

a successful and innovative employ- exist in some communities. This can ment program which is helping best be achieved by police forces and immigrants find work. community agencies, which have a Lack of affordable housing is anoth- first hand view of the conditions that er significant problem for immigrants. prevail. With low vacancy rates and high rents In many communities across in our urban regions, many new- Canada, community organizations, comers cannot find adequate and business leaders, police services and affordable housing for themselves and both provincial and municipal govern- their families. The combination of ments have formed partnerships to inadequate resettlement programs, develop innovative strategies to help difficulties in finding suitable employ- deal with community safety issues ment, and the shortage of affordable specific to their communities. As an housing often leads to a life of poverty example of successful community for a large number of immigrants. partnerships, both the “John School” [The Working Group on Poverty, 1998]. and “Streetlight Support Services” Refugees to Canada have their own programs have been established in particular set of challenges, but also many urban regions to address face many of the same obstacles as problems with prostitution. A number immigrants. The biggest issues are the of these strategies have become so need for temporary housing or shelter, successful they have been copied by and access to health and social other jurisdictions in Canada and services. around the world. Immigration has the potential to In a number of ethno-specific com- contribute more to the knowledge- munities specific programs have been based economy, a strong labour force, developed to deal with issues in those quality of life, and Canada’s cultural communities. For example, the mosaic. Planning the right policies and Jamaican Canadian Association programs in partnership with relevant through their Building Hope Coalition departments, community agencies and is working at forming partnerships to all orders of government is essential to develop their Black Youth Violence – helping newcomers contribute to Causes and Cures program that will Canada’s human capital.22–31 assist African-Canadian youth. This program as well as others throughout Safe Communities – Healthy Canada should be encouraged and Neighbourhoods supported. Canadians want to feel safe and The National Crime Prevention secure knowing they are well protect- Program with an annual budget of ed and that appropriate services will $68 million has recently announced respond in the event of an emergency. a project in the San Romanoway com- Preventing crime and making our munity in Toronto. By funding this streets safe lies in identifying prob- project, the Government of Canada lems early and addressing the eco- helped leverage additional funding nomic and social risk factors that from the business community to 26 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

assist with much needed program- Preserving our Heritage and ming for youth. This project is just Culture one example from hundreds of similar Strong communities create strong projects, where the Government of cities, which are attractive and com- Canada has invested funds in part- petitive. Building strong communities nership with community, business involves fostering civil society, promot- and other orders of government. “More and more, ing arts and culture, and preserving The importance of emergency heritage and history. international analysts are response teams has increased in light Urban regions must be showcases arguing that arts and of recent events. Emergency prepared- of regional, national, and international culture may aid in ness for terrorist attacks and natural culture. Witnesses told the Task Force attracting and retaining disasters is a major concern for all that, in the large urban regions, urban regions. The ability to handle a skilled workers, and cultural institutions – museums, art crisis depends on the cooperation of galleries, theatre, and music – have ultimately to establishing a many, including all orders of govern- been experiencing difficult times as a strong, visible and globally ment, hospitals, fire and police services. result of insufficient resources. In competitive economy. At The Government of Canada is sup- cities in other countries, cultural com- the same time, there is a porting this response in many ways. petitiveness is a vital component for For example, in Budget 2001, $513 growing body of research any city to be regarded as a sophisti- million over five years was set aside cated, successful city. Our urban indicating that arts and to strengthen Canada’s ability to regions must engage in a discussion culture has a strong respond to chemical/biological/radio- over the funding and visioning of positive impact on the logical and nuclear terrorism. There is culture. The Task Force recommends quality of life within cities, also a program to assist our urban that a central principle of urban policy regions in training first responders creating a vibrant urban must be for the Government of through the National Counter- Canada to continue to participate in culture of creativity and Terrorism Operational Readiness arts and cultural development. innovation.” Program. In February 2001, the Office Canada’s urban regions must strive to ‘Culture and Economic of Critical Infrastructure Protection Competitiveness: an Emerging be international centres of excellence. Role for Arts in Canada” and Emergency Preparedness was Heritage sites are important to the Canada West Foundation March 2002 established to ensure communities character of our cities and must be have the capacity to respond to signifi- protected. However, the restoration of cant emergencies.32–33 heritage buildings can be an expen-

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 32. Continue to provide resources and cooperate with all orders of government and communities to ensure that police and emergency services have sufficient resources to adequately protect Canadians. 33. Continue to support innovative community-driven initiatives through our crime prevention program. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 27

sive endeavour. There are some good tor are unable to reach. Civil society examples of historical buildings that and volunteerism are important to have been restored and converted into building human capital and maintain- valuable commercial space or much ing social peace in urban regions. needed housing. The Task Force The Government of Canada is heard that community groups need strongly committed to strengthening help to restore valuable buildings and its relationship with the voluntary We should continue to make use of their space. sector and in June 2000 launched The Government of Canada should The Voluntary Sector Initiative build on the Volunteer build upon the excellent programs which invested $94.6 million to sup- Canada Initiative which promoting arts, culture and heritage port a number of activities. This com- recognizes the importance site preservation that already exist mitment was taken a step further in of citizenship and under the Department of Canadian December 2001 when $50 million volunteerism in the Heritage. This includes the National was allocated over five years to the Arts Training Contribution Volunteer Canada Initiative. building of communities Programs, Canadian Arts and Non-profit organizations such as and human capital. Heritage Sustainability Program, United Way and Community Calgary Roundtable February 1, 2002 and Connecting Canadians to the Foundations are playing a significant Arts. As for heritage sites, Heritage role in civil society. For example, in Canada recently announced a $24 Canada, there are over 114 million investment strategy called the Community Foundations with com- Historic Places Conservation bined total assets exceeding more Initiative.34–35 than $1.4 billion professionally invested in diverse portfolios. Income Building Communities earned on these investments is Volunteers are a significant resource returned to the community in the and asset in any community. It is form of grants to various non-profit estimated that there are more than groups, projects and programs. 175,000 civil society groups in Organizations such as these are an Canada and 6.5 million Canadians effective way for communities to pool volunteer their time and energy every investments and charitable gifts to year. Community groups and charita- create an effective financing tool. ble organizations often serve areas Building a civil society is important that governments and the private sec- to creating successful cities with a

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada should: 34. Continue to strengthen our investment in the arts and cultural sector in our urban communities. 35. Provide grants to support the restoration and conversion of heritage properties and develop mechanisms to encourage redevelopment and restoration for both commercial and residential uses. 28 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

high quality of life where investors organizations like United Way and want to do business and people want Community Foundations as they to live and work. It is important that attract and encourage private invest- the Government of Canada support ment and endowments.36–38

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 36. Consider mechanisms to encourage more investments and donations to Community Foundations, philanthropic and charitable organizations, and community groups. 37. Facilitate the sharing of best practises among the voluntary sector and charitable organizations. 38. Continue to acknowledge and recognize the important contribution of the volunteer sector to building a nation of strong communities. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 29

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

Safe Water towards a $300 million project to The issue of water quality is part of eliminate the flow of raw sewage into the larger challenge of balancing the Halifax Harbour. The city is building health of the environment with the three new wastewater treatment social and economic elements that plants and a separate sewage collec- make our cities liveable and competi- tion system to collect and treat up to tive. Safe water is a growing concern 180 million litres of raw sewage and among Canadians as a result of the other waste, which would otherwise recent experience in Walkerton, flow into the harbour. Ontario, and North Battleford, Participants told the Task Force Saskatchewan. that disasters like Walkerton must be The careless practice of dumping avoided. The demands for enforceable sewage and waste into bodies of water water quality standards for drinking near urban areas has undermined water, surface water and groundwater public confidence in water safety. were loud and clear. The Government Toxic chemicals from brownfield sites of Canada must encourage municipal- and harmful industrial practices have ities to share best practices among all penetrated the water table in some orders of government. In addition, the areas and the run-off from farms has Government should continue to pro- also contaminated the water. Although vide support in the areas of environ- waste removal practices have mental research and development to improved and are now more environ- assist municipal governments to mentally sensitive, the effects of old develop zoning and urban design practices still linger. In addition, the strategies. treatment of water and wastewater is The Government of Canada, in not uniform across the country with cooperation with provinces and terri- some municipalities still using out- tories, established Guidelines for dated purification methods. The result Canadian Drinking Water Quality is that water quality varies from place that set maximum acceptable concen- to place. trations and levels of various sub- Across Canada, there have been a stances found in private and munici- number of successes in finding the pal water sources. Environment appropriate balance between indus- Canada provides funding to the trial activity and water quality. The Canadian Centre for Pollution City of Toronto, for example, adopted Prevention to help municipalities use a sewer-use bylaw that places strict a pollution prevention approach to limits on the use of 38 otherwise handling wastewater. This has led to unrestricted chemicals. By 2007 there water pollution prevention projects in is expected to be a 25% to 50% reduc- the City of Toronto, the Halifax tion in toxic discharges from Toronto Regional Municipality, the Region of into Lake Ontario. As well, the Halifax Waterloo and the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan Region has been working Regional District. Environment 30 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Canada is pursuing the protection those with respiratory and cardiac and restoration of watersheds threat- conditions. Smog also causes tens of ened by pollution, development and thousands of hospital and medical overuse, through programs like the visits and more than 5,000 deaths Great Lakes Sustainability Fund. annually. In Ontario alone, the In addition, through the Ontario Medical Association estimates Infrastructure Canada Program the that it costs taxpayers more than $1 “In urban areas, as low as Government has helped fund several billion a year for hospital admissions, 3% of GHG emissions is municipal projects for water and emergency room visits and absen- caused by public transit. In wastewater facilities. The $50 million teeism due to air pollution. this context, one must Green Municipal Enabling Fund and Smog is caused mainly by the com- admit that public transit the $200 million Green Municipal bustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, Investment Fund operated with FCM homes, and industrial facilities such will have in the very near has also helped municipalities as coal-fired power plants and future an important role to improve water and wastewater treat- smelters. Although there has been play by offering a true ment among other environmental ini- much progress in cleaning our air, alternative to the GHG tiatives. this is offset to some extent by the problem.” The Government of Canada should increase in air pollution sources. ‘A company worth maintain a cooperative approach to Another air quality issue is the discovering” establishing guidelines for safe drink- release of greenhouse gases (GHG), STCUM, 2000 ing water and water quality through and the effect on climate change. This discussions with provincial officials on is considered one of the most signifi- the Canadian Council of Ministers of cant environmental problems in the the Environment and with Canadian world. In response, 160 countries Ministers of Health.39–41 have signed the Kyoto Protocol, which has set targets for reducing GHG Clean Air emissions. Canada is a signatory to Air quality affects the health and this agreement, but has yet to ratify quality of life of all Canadians, it. Nonetheless, Canada is committed especially children, the elderly and to reducing GHG emissions.

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 39. Ensure that any infrastructure program includes the opportunity to focus efforts on municipal water infrastructure by providing: – Traditional tripartite contributions for communities which do not have the revenue-generating capacity to support full-cost pricing; and – Revolving funds offering low- and no-interest loans for larger urban communities that can, over time, move to full-cost pricing. 40. Continue to consult with all orders of government and encourage existing federal guidelines to be used as a standard for drinking water quality. 41. Support the redevelopment and cleaning of ports and harbours. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 31

Reducing air pollution levels in per year. Other urban centres urban areas is the responsibility of embarking on similar programs every Canadian and every order of include the City of Ottawa, the City of government. By reducing energy use, Winnipeg, and the Greater Vancouver and considering viable alternatives, Regional District. we can reduce emissions from power Across Canada, cities are finding plants. Making our buildings more ways to curb the use of fossil fuels in “To realize the economic, efficient and cutting down on the use transportation. The City of Calgary, of vehicles will also go a long way to for example, has turned its C-Train social, health and resolving the problem. The amount of into Canada’s first wind-powered environmental benefits of energy used to heat and cool buildings transportation system. The new sys- renewable energy is responsible for about 30% of tem has reduced electricity use from development, the Canada’s total greenhouse emissions. coal-fired and natural gas-generated government must make Transportation accounts for another electricity by 21,000 megawatt-hours, 30%. Everyone contributes to the enough to reduce carbon dioxide renewable energy a major problem and therefore everyone emissions by 26,000 tonnes per year. component of Canada’s should be part of the solution. This is significantly better than the innovation agenda.” We must take measures to mitigate original target of 10,800 tonnes per ‘Unlimited Potential: Capitalizing on Canada’s the negative environmental effects of year. In addition, residents of Calgary Untapped Renewable Energy transportation, which only get worse will have an opportunity to use wind- Resources.’ Liberal Caucus Working Group with growth. We must aim at reducing generated clean power for their on Environmental the need for motorized transportation, homes. Technologies, March 2002 reducing consumption of non-renew- The Government of Canada has able energy, and reducing emissions. also shown initiative in the area of These objectives can be achieved clean air by working with provincial, through improving public transit and territorial and municipal governments fostering alternative transportation to achieve their international obliga- methods such as walking and cycling, tions. This has included the National setting higher vehicle emission stan- Action Program on Climate Change dards, and encouraging the develop- (NAPCC), an agreement with the fed- ment of environmentally sensitive eral and provincial/territorial energy technologies and renewable energy and environment ministers that sets sources. the strategic course for Canada to Significant successes have been achieve its goals, and FCM’s Partners achieved in reducing urban green- for Climate Change made up of 90 house gases. Retrofitting municipal Canadian municipalities dedicated to buildings for energy efficiency in help reducing GHG emissions within Toronto is said to have reduced green- their own operations and their munic- house gas emission by 67 per cent. By ipal borders. 2012, it is estimated that carbon diox- The 2001 Budget increased funding ide emissions in Toronto will be for the FCM’s Green Municipal reduced by 3 million tonnes per year – Enabling Fund and the Green a major part of Toronto’s emission Municipal Investment Fund to pro- reduction goal of 5.4 million tonnes vide funding for projects that increase 32 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

environmental efficiency and cost- It should promote the adoption of effectiveness in such areas as public energy-efficient building design stan- transportation facilities. The dards by retrofitting government Government of Canada has also buildings, bringing in tougher fuel established special tax provisions for efficiency targets for new cars, and renewable energy projects and the promoting the use of alternative fuels. $100 million Sustainable Creative tax incentives may also be “At the same time, we are Development Technology Fund to used to promote the goal of energy realizing that the quality of stimulate further development in new efficiency and conservation.42–46 life and the vitality of our environmental technologies. Transport Healthy, Well-Planned Canada is involved as well in reducing communities are directly Communities air pollution through transportation related to the health of the As urban populations grow, so does initiatives such as the Moving on natural environment.” the need for more houses, apart- Sustainable Transportation (MOST) ‘Submission to the Prime ments, schools, stores, offices, facto- Minister’s Caucus Task Force on initiative to invest $1 million over Urban Issues’ ries, parks, recreation facilities, and three years on sustainable trans- Evergreen, January 2002 so on. All of these buildings and ser- portation projects, and the five-year, vices need land, and it is important to $35 million Urban Transportation examine how we develop and make Showcase Program. use of that land. The Government must continue its Canadian cities have a serious leadership role in addressing air qual- problem with suburban sprawl – the ity and build on current agreements.

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 42. Consider creating A National Building Retrofit Strategy to encourage and facilitate energy efficiency. This could involve: – Providing tax credits to homeowners and businesses that undertake energy efficiency retrofits; and – Supporting a national community-based home retrofit advisory service network. 43. Set higher fuel economy standards for new vehicles and support innovation, research and development leading to more sustainable urban transportation systems. 44. Encourage Government of Canada employees to reduce vehicle use by locating government buildings and services along existing public transit service and make bus pass purchases easy through programs like ECOPASS. 45. Support the development of new renewable fuel and GHG reduction technologies. 46. Support minimum efficiency standards for new power generation facilities. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 33

uncontrolled development of wilder- maintaining and improving the ness and agricultural land surround- existing urban fabric, providing incre- ing cities for homes and businesses. mental improvements, and reusing In addition to the loss of green space existing infrastructure; including and agricultural land, sprawling com- preserving heritage buildings, redevel- munities require new infrastructure oping brownfields and encouraging and services, which creates a burden green roof initiatives. A Core Redevelopment for municipal governments. In new urban areas, the goal It is important that the design of should be to achieve compact form Policy is needed to our communities be environmentally and higher densities while preserving encourage people to live sensitive and utilize the land appro- open spaces and privacy for residents. downtown, create priately. In other words, Canadian Smart growth in suburban neighbour- incentives to build on cities should be guided by concepts of hoods also encourages mixed-use brownfield sites and smart growth, sound urban design development that promotes efficient and an integrated, ecosystem transportation, as well emphasizing preserve heritage approach. the preservation and integration of buildings. This will ensure In the 21st century, smart growth or environmentally sensitive areas and economic development in sound urban design involves compact valuable urban agricultural land. urban cores. mixed-use development. This can Land use and urban design are Halifax Roundtable bring activity, vibrancy, and a measure essentially provincial and municipal November 9, 2001 of sustainability to urban life, and can matters, but the Government of make urban areas attractive places to Canada has recognized them as envi- live for a wide range of people. This ronmental issues as well. Inefficient in turn will reduce development pres- land use and poor urban design lead sures on the urban fringe and rural to unsustainable infrastructure and areas. Good design can create an transportation, poor air quality and urban environment with attractive loss of natural space. public spaces and amenities for resi- Environment Canada is leading by dents and workers; provide a wide example in urban design and conser- range of housing, shopping and vation through its Ecosystems employment opportunities; permit Initiatives which are illustrations of greater efficiency in municipal infra- working models of an integrated structure, transportation systems, and ecosystem-based approach. Projects the delivery of municipal services; and such as the St. Lawrence Action Plan improve mobility for all segments of and the Fraser Basin Action Plan are the population. It can also reduce pol- assessed and based on the premise of lution by reducing reliance on vehicles. connecting ecosystems with economic Good urban design must also take into and social goals. account the impact development has The Government of Canada must on interdependent physical, social, work in partnership with provincial economic and natural systems. and municipal governments, as well In existing neighbourhoods, smart as the development industry and com- growth development should focus on munity organizations, to develop 34 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

guidelines for municipalities on key provide space for much needed afford- issues that affect environmental able housing, green areas and eco- health and quality of life. This involves nomic development. Simply cleaning the sharing of best practices in smart up these sites is worthwhile in terms growth and urban design. The preser- of reducing the risk to public health, vation of urban green space is also a removing blights on a community’s critical issue, and by working with image and guarding against urban “The development of community partners such as land decay. The appropriate tax incentives brownfields is important to trusts and conservation organizations, can help achieve the objectives. cities to the extent that it all orders of government will ensure Canada has an estimated 3000 results in more compact strategic green spaces are protected brownfield sites. The value of these and efficient urban growth. for the benefit of the community.47–49 lands is immense. They could produce much needed property tax revenues at Compact growth provides Brownfields and a lower cost, generate economic devel- Contaminated Sites a competitive advantage to opment in core areas, and increase Urban regions across Canada contain cities because it reduces the cosmetic appeal of a community. large areas of land that have been the cost of infrastructure In addition, redeveloping brownfields abandoned because of suspected or in existing communities and city cen- and increases urban actual soil contamination. These tres reduces suburban sprawl by livability. The development lands, known as brownfields, are often encouraging infill development and in the downtown core, where existing of brownfield sites is also the use of existing infrastructure. municipal services are readily avail- important to municipalities However, there are three major able, or along transportation corri- because it could increase impediments to brownfield redevelop- dors. These sites pose a potential risk ment that must be addressed: uncer- economic activity and to public health and groundwater tain and unfair liability regimes; lack property tax revenues.” quality if the land is in fact contami- of capital to finance brownfield rede- ‘Options for Fiscal Tools in nated. Support of Urban velopment; and lack of awareness Sustainability’ NRTEE However, brownfields also present about the importance of reinvesting in October 25, 2001 tremendous opportunities. They can brownfields, and the economic and

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 47. Encourage innovation in ecological design by creating incentives for the private sector and municipalities to incorporate ecologically sound and smart growth principles, and to acknowledge successful private-public partnerships on smart growth. 48. Adopt and showcase sound urban design practices by incorporating ecologically sustainable landscape practices on government lands, and incorporate smart growth principles by building and locating government services in urban cores and along transit corridors. 49. Support the acquisition of critical urban green space by assisting community partnerships such as land trusts and conservation organizations and provide incentives to allow land donations for conservation purposes. CHALLENGES &OPPORTUNITIES 35

environmental benefits of doing so dated the National Round Table on [“State of the Debate Report.” NRTEE, the Economy and the Environment 2001]. to develop a National Brownfield The Task Force recommends that a Redevelopment Strategy to make clear, coordinated brownfield redevel- Canada a global leader in remediation opment approach should be devel- and in addition, the 2001 budget oped, which includes an integrated committed $50 million of the Green risk assessment and liability manage- Municipal Enabling Fund to be ment framework that will harmonize earmarked for other solutions. federal and provincial regulations, as Brownfields offer a great opportunity well as coordinated incentives and to check the advance of suburban procedures by federal departments. sprawl and contribute to the economic An excellent model that could be fol- development of existing communities. lowed is the Brownfield Redevelopment With the right tools and incentives Initiative by the United States federal from the Government of Canada and government, which creates tax incen- other orders of government, the re- tives to leverage private investment in development of contaminated lands will contaminated properties in targeted contribute to our cities’ prosperity, areas needing revitalization. beautify decaying neighbourhoods, and The Government of Canada man- improve the urban environment.50–52

The Task Force recommends that the Government of Canada: 50. Work with our partners in government to create an integrated risk assessment and liability management framework that harmonizes federal and provincial regulations. 51. Consider targeted mortgage insurance and appropriate tax incentives for brownfield redevelopment. 52. Continue to provide support for completion of brownfields inventories, risk assessments and community consultations. THE NEXT STAGE 37

The Next Stage

he Prime Minister’s Caucus Task with ever-increasing demands for Force on Urban Issues began its services, programs and infrastructure Tconsultations with Canadians in requirements. May 2001. This interim report is by We found that the quality of life for no means the end of the dialogue. which Canada is renowned is being Rather, the recommendations and threatened by the very growth that is ideas are designed to be the focus for the hallmark of its success. further debate that will culminate in The Government of Canada has a the release of a follow-up report later unique opportunity to work with our this year. urban partners on a new approach. This report reflects our conversa- Canada’s Urban Strategy must reflect tions with Canadians across the coun- 21st century conditions with its try. We heard a lot about civic pride, accompanying economic, social, envi- economic success, human capital, ronmental and cultural challenges. It social peace and effective partner- needs to ensure the high quality of life ships. At the same time, municipal and economic competitiveness of our governments and individual citizens urban regions, and assure Canada’s told us about the challenges they face future prosperity. as they struggle to seek solutions to The Task Force looks forward to critical issues. The Task Force was continuing the dialogue on the ideas told that municipal governments are presented in this report. We welcome hampered by fiscal challenges and your comments on the findings and consequently are unable to keep pace the recommendations.

The full interim report is available on The Prime Minister’s Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues web site: www.liberal.parl.gc.ca/urb. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 39

Edmonton, Alberta August 23, 2001

he City of Edmonton is the sec- vices; information and media services; ond largest city in Alberta with a oil, gas and chemicals production; Tpopulation of 657,509 [as of tourism and entertainment; and 2000] and a population of 938,000 in transportation and logistics. the census metropolitan area (CMA) Edmonton has a strong foundation [Census 2001]. It has the second high- in post-secondary institutions that est number of Aboriginal people in a produce important research and Canadian city with over 33,000 and development, and foster innovation in has a high percentage of visible the Canadian economy. For example, minorities (18.1%) relative to the rest the University of Alberta will receive of Canada (11.3%) [1996 Census]. $120 million over the next five years Edmonton and Calgary together from the Government of Canada and account for 64% of Alberta’s GDP. In the Government of Alberta for the cre- the spring of 2001, the City of ation of the National Institute for Edmonton was first in real economic Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a growth among Canadian cities with cutting-edge science that will bring 4.8% growth in GDP. The forecast is benefits in a wide range of areas from for Edmonton to experience a GDP health care to computer technologies growth of 3.5% per year in the future [Edmonton Socio-economic Outlook, (2001-2005) [Conference Board of 2001-2006]. The University is also Canada]. internationally known for its research Edmonton has a highly diversified in engineering and cellular and envi- economy. It has benefited greatly from ronmental biology. Two federal investment in the northern Alberta oil Networks of Centres of Excellence also and tar sands, but it also relies on have their national scientific and other industries such as: advanced administrative headquarters at the manufacturing; agri-food and forest University: the Protein Engineering products; biomedicine and biotechnol- Network and the Sustainable Forest ogy; engineering and technical ser- Management Network. 40 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Reinforce the Government of city, as these are critical to meeting Canada’s leadership role in improv- the city’s transportation needs. ing the quality of life in urban cen- ■ Increase support for arts and cul- tres as well as maintaining a com- ture and encourage partnerships petitive economy. The government in this area to ensure its continued needs to actively respond to the success and contribution to urban issues facing Canadian cities. quality of life ■ Recognize the importance of cities ■ Increase support for programs for to the national economy and pro- children at risk and temporary mote their ‘showcase’ value globally. homeless shelters, as well as ■ Encourage partnerships between greater access to affordable hous- the three levels of government, the ing. This will help reduce poverty private sector and national/commu- levels in Edmonton where 26% of nity organizations. This is the key citizens had an income below the to finding creative solutions. Statistics Canada Low Income Cut- Principles to follow should include: Off (CLIO) level. – Municipal drive; ■ Explore and develop the uses of the – Long-term solutions and sus- Internet for communicating knowl- tained funding; edge and providing services to citi- – Federal resources used in federal zens. decisions; ■ – Accountability; Provide more support for research – Helping those in greatest need; and development on environment – Fiscal choices; and and sustainable development issues – Partnership. such as climate control and sus- tainable communities. ■ Provide more financial assistance to ■ meet the infrastructure deficit that Assist provinces, urban areas and municipalities are facing. community groups in training and attracting a skilled work force as a ■ Expand light rail transit in way to reduce labour shortages fac- Edmonton and build interchanges ing major Canadian cities. on the Yellowhead Trail within the SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 41

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF EDMONTON Ray Rasmusen, Director, Mayor Bill Smith Environmental Research & Study Bruce Duncan, Intergovernmental Centre Affairs Chris Andersen, Assistant Professor, Al Maurer, City Manager School of Native Studies Dennis Freeman, Director, Housing ALBERTA URBAN MUNICIPALITIES ASSOCIATION and Children’s Services Lorne Olsvik, President Gerry Shimko, Deputy Chief, John McGowan, Executive Director Edmonton Police Services Michael Phair, Councillor ALBERTA CAPITAL REGION ALLIANCE Mayor Vern Hartwell, Chair GOVERNMENT OF ALBERTA, ALBERTA MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDMONTON Hon. Guy Boutilier, Minister of Jim Edwards, President & CEO Municipal Affairs EDMONTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Doug Radka, Deputy Minister Gordon Plewes, President

Brad Pickering, Assistant Deputy EDMONTON COMMUNITY FOUNDATION Minister Doug McNally, CEO UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA EDMONTON SOCIAL PLANNING COUNCIL Dr. Edward C. LeSage Jr., Professor & Arlene Chapman, Executive Director Associate Dean, Faculty of BOYLE STREET CO-OP Extension; Director of Government Hope Hunter, Executive Director Studies CAMBRIDGE STRATEGIES INC. Ken J. Chapman, Principal SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 43

Toronto, Ontario October 9-10, 2001

he City of Toronto (population my and is home to 40% of the 2.5 million) and the surrounding Canadian companies on Fortune’s TGreater Toronto Area is the Global 500 list. largest urban region in Canada, with The local economy is home to a a total population of 5.1 million, number of competitive industry clus- which is expected to rise to 7 million ters, including: aerospace; apparel; by the year 2021. It is the 5th largest automotive; biomedical; financial ser- municipal government in North vices; film and television; IT&T; and America. One third of Canada’s popu- tourism. In addition, Toronto is home lation is located within a 160 km to 90% of Canada’s foreign banks, top radius of Toronto. Almost 100,000 accounting and mutual fund compa- people migrate to Toronto every year. nies and is a leading financial centre. It is the key destination for immi- Toronto’s Pearson Airport is the grants and refugees and receives 42% country’s largest and busiest airport of all immigrants to Canada. It is serving more than 28 million passen- known as one of the most culturally gers during the year 2000. diverse cities in the world. There are several universities and It is estimated that the GDP gener- colleges in the GTA region. The most ated in Toronto is greater than that of outstanding are the University of 8 of 10 Canadian provinces. Toronto Toronto, York University, and Ryerson will lead the country with an annual University. These 3 institutions make real growth of 3.7% in the next five major contributions to national and years. Toronto generates 44% of international innovations in health Ontario’s GDP, making it one of the sciences, medical research, film and wealthiest cities in the country and television, performing arts, journalism making Ontario the major economic and teaching. The University of engine in the country [The Conference Toronto is Canada’s number one Board of Canada]. research institute and has a world- With a highly educated (over 50% wide reputation for medical advances. have university or college degrees), Both York University and the multi-lingual, multi-cultural labour University of Toronto were recently force, Toronto is the nation’s largest named Research Chairs; Toronto employment centre with one-sixth of received $21 million in a variety of Canada’s jobs – employing 1.2 million disciplines, and York $1.4 m in politi- workers. Toronto has a diverse econo- cal science. 44 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Reinforce the leadership role of the ■ Provide long-term, sustainable Government of Canada in improv- funding for infrastructure. Most of ing the quality of life and economic the infrastructure in the City is over competitiveness of urban centres. A 30 years old, and some is even 50 proactive approach must be taken years old. to respond to urban issues or con- ■ Address Toronto’s serious transit cerns. problems. Congestion and gridlock ■ Recognize that the economic and on roads affect quality of life, the social success of Canada depends environment and economic compet- on strong and healthy cities and itiveness. Seventy per cent of GTA that Toronto can contribute to that freeways, including the Highway success. 401 (a major transportation route to the United States), are at total ■ Consult, collaborate and coordinate capacity during peak hours. This with cities before announcing and costs commercial vehicles $2 billion implementing federal programs and per year. Toll Highway 407 has not services that may have an impact solved congestion problems occur- on urban centres. ring on Highway 401. It is impor- ■ Develop a vision for the urban tant that the inter-regional transit regions through a National Urban system receive more support to help Strategy that: relieve this traffic. – Creates standards; ■ Assist local transit through: – Establishes policy criteria; – Tax exempt employer subsidized – Plans strategic investments; transit passes; – Analyses impacts on urban – Dedicating the equivalent of 3 regions; cents per litre of fuel taxes for – Coordinates federal programs and transportation; spending; and – Locating federal businesses in – Considers the impact on cities of ‘transit-friendly’ areas; and international agreements (e.g. – Eliminating excise taxes and GST Kyoto, NAFTA, WTO). on fuels in municipal transit systems. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 45

■ Expand GO Transit, which is at full ■ Provide long-term, sustainable capacity. Federal government funding for immigration and refugee should place priorities on and resettlement and employment invest in light rail transit and VIA programs. Toronto receives 42% of Rail in the east-west corridor. all immigrants to Canada and the Government of Canada should ■ Provide more support for programs reimburse the City for its local for children at risk, temporary service costs. homeless shelters, and greater access to affordable housing. Low ■ Assist provinces, urban areas and vacancy rates and high rents have community groups in training and put pressure on seniors and immi- attracting a skilled work force as a grants who need to find affordable way to reduce labour shortages rental housing. Sixty thousand facing major Canadians cities. families are waiting for housing and ■ Continue to direct funding to the 2,000 families are in temporary urban regions through initiatives shelter. There is a need for such as Centres of Excellence and more flexible programs like SCPI, the National Homelessness changes to CMHC mortgage Initiative. insurance criteria, and a review of ■ federal initiatives to stimulate Endorse the City’s financial services housing for people on low to sector’s efforts to have Toronto medium incomes. designated as a “Financial Centre for Canada”. ■ Find a way to ensure the federal ■ housing agreement with the Increase support for and encourage Province of Ontario will increase the partnerships in arts and culture. stock of affordable rental housing. Many major national schools for the arts are located in Toronto, such as ■ Develop a National Housing the National Theatre School and the Program National Ballet School. 46 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF TORONTO MARKHAM Mayor Mel Lastman Mary Francis Turner, Planning Case Ootes, Deputy Mayor Commissioner

Shirley Hoy, CAO GREATER TORONTO SERVICE BOARD (GTSB) Anne Johnston, Councillor Gordon Chong, Chair Betty Disero, Councillor PROVINCE OF ONTARIO Jack Layton, Councillor The Honourable Chris Hodgson, Joe Pantalone, Councillor Minister of Municipal Affairs and Brad Duguid, Councillor Housing Mike Feldman, Councillor Joe Mihevic, Councillor UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO David Shiner, Councillor Martha Friendly, Professor, Childcare Brian Ashton, Councillor Resource & Research Unit David Miller, Councillor Eric Miller, Professor, Joint Sherene Shaw, Councillor Programme in Transportation Olivia Chow, Councillor Larry Bourne, Director of Urban Lorenzo Berardinetti, Councillor Planning Program

CITY OF MISSISSAUGA YORK UNIVERSITY Mayor Hazel McCallion Dr. Lorna Marsden, President Frances Frisken, Professor Emerita, MUNICIPALITY FOR YORK REGION Urban Studies Alan Wells, CAO Roger Keil, Undergraduate Program THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALTON Director, Faculty of Environmental Joan Lougheed, Councillor Studies TOWN OF CALEDON Harvey Schwartz, Associate Professor Mayor Carol Seglins Engin Isin, Associate Professor Urban

TOWNSHIP OF SCUGOG Studies Program, Division of Social Mayor Doug Moffatt Science, Calumet College Edward S. Spence, Professor CITY OF VAUGHAN Mario Racco, Councillor & Chair of NEPTIS FOUNDATION the Spadina-York Subway Tony Coombes, Executive Director Extension Committee GREATER TORONTO APARTMENT ASSOCIATION

REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL Brad Butt, Executive Director Tony Parker, Planning Policy & FAIR RENTAL POLICY ORGANIZATION OF Research ONTARIO Geoff McIlroy, Policy Analyst, Housing Vince Brescia, President & CEO and Property Department SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 47

TORONTO COALITION FOR BETTER CHILD CARE GREATER TORONTO HOTEL ASSOCIATION Jane Mercer, Executive Coordinator Rob Seiling, President

RATE PAYERS ASSOCIATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE – ONTARIO David Vallance, Chair, Rate Payers Neil Rodgers, President

Association / Manulife Securities EMA CANADA INC. International Ltd. Rienk de Vries

GO TRANSIT HABITAT FOR HUMANITY METROPOLITAN Eldred King, Chair TORONTO W.M. Jenkins, Director of Customer Nick Volk, Chair, Board of Directors

Service THE TORONTO BOARD OF TRADE TORONTO REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY Elyse Allan, Chair

Larry Fields, Water Front Specialist CONSTRUCTION TRADES COUNCIL BLACK CREEK REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION John Cartwright, Business Manager MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION BUILDING HOPE COALITION Sarah Climenhaga Lennox Farrell, Chair POLLUTION PROBE ASSOCIATION OF IROQUOIS AND ALLIED John Wellner, Director Air Program INDIANS TRISAN EQUITABLE CORPORATION Larry Sault, Grand Chief

Domenic Santaguida, President ENID SLACK CONSULTING INC. UNITED WAY OF GREATER TORONTO Enid Slack

Maureen T. Adams, Vice President STREAM INTELLIGENT NETWORKS Allocations & Community Services CORPORATION Sandra Morris, Manager, Government Franco Lofranco, Vice President, Relations Business Development

THE CONFERENCE BOARD OF CANADA METROPOLE CONSULTANTS Anne Golden, President & CEO Pamela Blais, Principal

THE MAYTREE FOUNDATION SHARWOOD INC. Ratna Omivar, Executive Director Gordon R. Sharwood, Chairman

THE TORONTO YOUTH CABINET DILLION CONSULTING LTD. Michael Foderick, Chair Jim Balfour, President

IBI GROUP Neil A. Irwin, Managing Director 48 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

THE CARDINAL GROUP INC. UNIVERSAL WORKER’S UNION, LOCAL 183 Steven W. Peck, Consultant Antonio Dionisio, Business Manager

ROYAL BANK Andy Manahan, Development J. Anne Lamont, Vice President, Promotion Representative External and Government Affairs URBAN STRATEGIES INC. Harry Hassanwalla, CFA, Regulatory Joe Berridge, Principal/Partner

Affairs OTHERS KIRKLAND PARTNERSHIP INC. Charles Smedmor, Chartered Michael Kirkland, Architect Accountant SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 49

Winnipeg, Manitoba October 11-12, 2001

he City of Winnipeg has a popu- agribusiness; apparel; environmental lation of 629,800 and makes up industries; film production; financial T93% of the population of the services; health and biotechnology; Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), information technology; and trans- which has a population of 682,200 portation equipment manufacturing. [2000]. Winnipeg has the largest In addition, Winnipeg is the home to Aboriginal population of any Canadian the Canadian Mint and is the national city at 45,740 and the same propor- grain exchange centre for the rest of tion of immigrants and visible minori- Canada. ties as the rest of Canada [according Winnipeg is home to a number of to the 1996 Census]. post-secondary institutions. These The economy of Winnipeg accounts institutions produce many innovative for more than half (67%) of Manitoba’s ideas and research that benefit the GDP. It is expected to experience an Canadian economy as well as the local average 3% real GDP growth over the community. For example, the next five years [Conference Board of University of Manitoba created the Canada], which is lower than other Manitoba First Nations Centre for large Canadian cities. Aboriginal Health Research in 2001. It Winnipeg’s economic growth will is a joint project with the Assembly of primarily be driven by the manufac- Manitoba Chiefs, the Health Services turing sector, transportation, commu- Centre and the University, and is nications, finance, insurance and real partially funded by the Canada estate sectors. In 2001, manufactur- Foundation for Innovation. The ing shipments in Manitoba increased University is also well known for its by 5% (or a total of $5.9 billion), research in health and medicine (e.g. which is 7% higher than the national spinal cord, HIV/AIDS), farming average. It also benefits from several technology and practices, and wireless other industries including: aerospace; communication. 50 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Develop a long-term, flexible and ■ Develop a national strategy for focused vision for urban areas. This urban Aboriginal people. Such a should include greater communica- strategy should include: direct tion with governments and the pub- funding to urban Aboriginal people; lic about the government’s current rooming houses and affordable fam- investment and role in urban cen- ily housing to combat homelessness tres. and poverty; training and employ- ment; health initiatives; a focus on ■ Focus on issues that are national, youth initiatives, including financial cross-scale, and cross-jurisdiction. support to improve access to post- Promote bilateral and trilateral secondary education; and commu- agreements, collaborating with nity programs to fight crime and cities and provinces to achieve prostitution. national and local goals. (The Winnipeg Agreement is a good ■ Create a centre for reserve example.) Aboriginals moving into urban areas. This could be done through ■ Support the expansion of trade and the expansion of the federal Urban exports by designating important Aboriginal Strategy that is coordi- highways and roads as “in the nated by Privy Council Office. national interest.” This is very important to Winnipeg, which is an ■ Work with cities to develop growth international centre for trade and strategies that include attracting the hub of the Mid-West Trade immigrants and skilled labour. This Corridor (a north-south trade would benefit Winnipeg greatly, as route). the city receives less than its share of immigrants and is expected to ■ Invest in local economies, by invest- experience a decline in population ing in innovation and research at in the near future. universities (by assisting in imple- menting ideas and covering costs of ■ Promote immigration of francopho- research) and creating economic nes to all Canadian cities, and clusters (by offering tax incentives especially to Winnipeg. to business and industry). ■ Get directly involved and offer sup- ■ Increase funding for infrastructure port in emergencies. For example: (transit, roads, water and sewage). the federal government should This would help defray the $64 mil- invest in the Red River Flood lion costs for infrastructure mainte- Control project. nance that Winnipeg faces each year. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 51

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF WINNIPEG TRANSPORT INSTITUTE Mayor Glen Murray Dr. Caroline Chapain

Jocelyn Greenwood, Chair, City of NATIONAL ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC Winnipeg Task Force on Diversity DEVELOPMENT BOARD

GOVERNMENT OF MANITOBA Rosa Walker, Aboriginal Business Hon. Jean Frieson, Deputy Premier, Canada Minister of Intergovernmental CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL HUMAN RESOURCE Affairs DEVELOPMENT Hon. Tim Sale, Minister of Family Larry Wucherer, Director of Programs Services and Housing and Development

GOVERNMENT OF SASKATCHEWAN ANOKIIWIN EMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS INC. Hon. Ron Osika, Minister of Municipal Elaine Cowan, President Affairs and Housing GANOOTAMATE

UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA Kathy Mallet, Executive Director Dr. Emöke J.E. Szathmàry, President ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY CAMPUS Dr. Paul Thomas, Professor, Political Rhonda McCorriston, Director of Studies Training

Tom Carter, Director, Institute of MANITOBA METIS FOUNDATION Urban Studies Stephanie Courchene

UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG MANITOBA FEDERAL COUNCIL Dr. Constance Rooke, President Orville Buffie, Chair

RED RIVER COLLEGE VILLAGE KLINIC Jacqueline Thachuk, President Lucille Bruce, Executive Director

COLLEGE ST. BONIFACE WAHBUNG ABINOOJIAG David Dundeneau, Director, Belinda Vanden Broeck, Project Development Office Coordinator

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE ASSEMBLY OF MANITOBA CHIEFS DEVELOPMENT Louis Harper, Senior Policy Advisor Steve Barg, Senior Advisor Stan Bear, Business Advisor URBAN ISSUES REPORT BUSINESS COUNCIL OF MANITOBA David Walker Jim Carr, President and CEO PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS CENTRE VENTURE DEVELOPMENT Michael Bessey CORPORATION CROCUS FUND Annitta Stenning, President & Chief Sherman Kreiner, President & Chief Executive Officer

Executive Officer ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WINNIPEG Klaus Thiessen, President & CEO 52 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

MANITOBA HEAVY CONSTRUCTION SOCIETE FRANCO MANITOBAINE ASSOCIATION Donald Legal, Manager, Policy-Legal Chris Lorenc, President Sector

CUPE 500 COMMUNITY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT Paul Moist, President ASSOCIATION (C.E.D.A.)

WINNIPEG AIRPORT AUTHORITY Tom Simms, Executive Director Alex Robinson, Vice President DAVID E. LETTNER & ASSOCIATES Planning & Development David E. Lettner, Consultant

WINNIPEG FREE PRESS FRONTIER CENTRE FOR PUBLIC POLICY Nicholas Hirst, Editor Peter Holle, President

CANWEST GLOBAL CORPORATION SMITH CARTER ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS Geoffrey Elliot, Vice President John Shanski Corporate Affairs

CORPORATION DE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE RIEL Rolland Lavallée SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 53

Ottawa-Gatineau, Ontario / Quebec October 21, 2001 and March 18, 2002

he National Capital Region, mainly because of growth in the tele- comprising the cities of Ottawa com manufacturing industry. In the Tand Gatineau, is a unique urban 1999-2000 period, GDP rose by 13.4% area spanning two provinces. The overall. [The Conference Board of federal government is both major Canada]. landowner and employer in the The two main employers in the Region. This factor has a significant region are the federal government and social and economic impact. the high tech sector. In 2001, the Geographically, the City of Ottawa federal government accounted for is 90% rural with a population that is almost 80,000 jobs (Ottawa) and high 90% urban. It covers four times as technology approx. 70,000 (Ottawa). much area as the City of Toronto, The agricultural economy generates stretching 85 kilometres from east to 10,000 jobs (Ottawa) and is the west, and 75 kilometres from north to largest farm economy of any Canadian south. Ottawa-Gatineau is the third city. Because it is the capital city of largest francophone community in Canada, with many national muse- North America with approximately ums, art galleries, historic sites and 34% of its citizens speaking French as heritage buildings located in the their mother tongue. The bilingual region, tourism is a major generator of aspect of the population is important jobs and dollars. to the cultural and linguistic fabric of The most outstanding post- the region. Thirty-seven per cent of secondary institutions are the Univer- residents consider themselves bilin- sity of Ottawa, Carleton University, gual, compared to 11.6% of Ontario and the Université du Quebec à Hull. residents and 17% of people in The University of Ottawa is Canada’s Canada as a whole. It is the fourth only fully bilingual university and is largest city in Canada and has seen home to the world-renowned Ottawa tremendous growth over the past few Heart Institute. Carleton University is years. The current population of the ranked first in Canada in interna- National Capital Region is 1,064,000 tional research collaboration and its [Census 2001]. School of Journalism has produced a The GDP generated in Ottawa is number of well-known journalists. estimated at 11.1% for the year 2000, 54 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Develop an urban vision that ■ Lift restrictions on the ability of the includes: municipalities to raise money and – The reinstatement of a Minister of consider new revenue sources such Urban Affairs with a Cabinet as local sales tax or hotel/room tax, Committee; ability to engage in public-private – Strategic funding; partnerships, ability to offer tax – Regional ministry offices in major incentives to attract businesses, urban centres; and ability to reduce capital gains – On-going consultations with the on donations to Community municipalities; Foundations. – Social and economic cohesion ■ Attract foreign businesses by programs; streamlining the role of financial – Federal leadership; commissioners and have one – Shared sense of nation building National Securities Commission like and community; and the European Union. – Reliable revenue sources. ■ Provide long term sustainable fund- ■ Facilitate a joint National Capital ing for infrastructure. Ottawa needs Region Plan – with Ottawa, a convention centre, and the NCR Gatineau, and the National Capital needs an inter-regional transit con- Commission (NCC). There is a need nection with two new bridges and for coordination on issues such as extended light rail. This is the num- health care, transit, movement of ber one issue for Ottawa Gatineau. goods, labour and housing. ■ Consider extending federal-munici- ■ Consider creating a National pal partnerships, such as the Capital District or Authority (such Homelessness Initiative, to include as Washington, DC) with no new affordable housing. The bureaucracy but with common Government of Canada should con- objectives for all communities in the sider: region. The federal government – Using federal lands for affordable would promote joint projects. housing; SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 55

– Providing more long term funding aboriginal businesses, and develop- for land acquisition and infra- ing a specific Aboriginal health structure; and strategy. As well, Aboriginals from – Improving coordination between Quebec living in Ottawa need Ottawa and Gatineau so that access to health care Ottawa families can get access to ■ Increase long-term support for set- affordable housing in Quebec. tlement programs for immigrants This would benefit Ottawa, which (i.e. language, training, education has an apartment vacancy rate of and housing), review immigration 0.2% and has over 15,000 families polices to include municipal govern- waiting for housing. ment input, and coordinate the work of local agencies and volun- ■ Increase federal support for transit teers. by transferring a portion of fuel tax to municipalities and eliminating ■ Provide real information on skill GST on municipal transit purchas- certification and equivalencies to es. OC Transpo needs $500 million potential immigrants. Ensure immi- over the next five years to replace gration policy focuses on socio-eco- its ageing fleet. Also, consider creat- nomic needs of urban centres and ing incentives for fuel-efficient vehi- accelerate the immigration process cles, and duplicating ticket arrange- for skilled workers where demand is ment between GO Transit and VIA high. Rail as in other urban centres. ■ Spend more on multiculturalism ■ Expand the mandate of the Urban and anti-racism programs. As well, Aboriginal Strategy by investing in strengthen the role and mandate of housing for Aboriginal people, cre- multicultural liaison officers. ating economic opportunities for 56 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF OTTAWA NATIONAL ANTI-POVERTY ORGANIZATION Mayor Bob Chiarelli Linda Lalonde

Gordon Diamond, General Manager, COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF CANADA OC Transpo Barbara McInnes, President & CEO Helen Gault, Director, Transit VOLUNTEER CANADA Planning & Development, OC Paddy Bowen, Executive Director Transpo Louise Logue, Youth Intervention & INBUSINESS SOLUTIONS Diversion Unit Coordinator, Ottawa David Luxton, CEO Police Department PIPS Ned Lathrop, General Manager, Steve Hindle, President Development Services OTTAWA-CARLETON SOCIAL PLANNING Doug Brousseau, Senior Policy COUNCIL Advisor, Mayor’s Office David Welch, President Ed Aquilina, Special Advisor, CENTRAIDE OUTAOUAIS Mayor’s Office Jean-Maurice Lafond, General Dick Stewart, General Manager, Manager People Services Department CENTRAIDE OTTAWA CITY OF GATINEAU Janet Whillans, Vice-President, Mayor Yves Ducharme Community Relations Melvin Jomphe, Cabinet Director INNER CITY HEALTH PROJECT Hélène Groulx, Policy advisor Wendy Muckle, Project Director Luc Gauthier, Capitaine, Sécurité HABITAT FOR HUMANITY CITY OF HULL Katalin Sheskay, Executive Director Jean-Marie Séguin, former Mayor WABANO CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL HEALTH NATIONAL CAPITAL COMMISSION Alison Fisher, Executive Director Marcel Beaudry, President François Lapointe, Directeur de R.E.A.C.H. planification Lawrence Greenspon CHSLD – CLSC GRANDE RIVIÉRE ASSURANCE-VIE DESJARDINS LAURENTIENNE Alain Sekula, Vice-president Alain Tremblay, Président du Conseil SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 57

OTTAWA-CARLETON IMMIGRANT SERVICES OTTAWA TOURISM AND CONVENTION ORGANIZATION AUTHORITY Nancy Worsfold, Executive Director Catherine Lindquist, Vice-President,

LA CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE ET D’INDUSTRIE Industry Development DE L’OUTAOUAIS Otto Heberlein, Chairman

Luc Léger, Président ASSOCIATION DES PROFESSIONNELS Karim Daaboul, Directeur INDUSTRIELS ET COMMERÇANTS D’AYLMER

OTTAWA SCHOOL OF ART Gerry Phillippe, Président Sonia Lismer, Acting Director REGROUPEMENT DES GENS D’AFFAIRES

HERITAGE OTTAWA Diane Desaulniers, Présidente David Flemming, Member of Council GREATER OTTAWA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

CANADIAN COUNCIL OF THE BLIND Gail Logan, President Lynn Tremblay, Representative THE UNITED WAY OTTAWA

LOGEMEN’OCCUPE Michael Allen, President/General François Roy, Président Manager

SIERRA CLUB OF CANADA DEVELOPMENT GROUP RPS John Bennett, Director, Atmosphere Vance Bédore, Senior Advisor/Land and Energy Planning, Accommodation Real Estate Services CITIZEN REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT OTHERS Ernie Lauzon, Chairman Jacqueline Pelletier, Consultant

CONSEIL RÉGIONAL DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE Merv Beckstead, Retired Municipal L’OUTAOUAIS (Le CREDDO) Administrator, CAO Nicole Desroches François Boivin, Advocate

TRANSPORT 2000 CANADA Agnes Jouaich, Chief Judge, Canadian Harry Gow, Président Citizenship

SOCIÉTÉ DE TRANSPORT DE L’OUTAOUAIS George O. Gratton, Directeur général Salah Barj, Chef de service de stratégie et développement SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 59

Halifax, Nova Scotia November 9, 2001

he Halifax Regional Municipality education and knowledge services; as is the largest urban centre in the well as life sciences. TAtlantic Provinces. Made up of In addition, the Regional the four former municipalities of Municipality of Halifax has an impor- Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford and tant transportation sector. The Port of Halifax County, the Halifax Regional Halifax is one of the world’s leading Municipality has a population of ports. Approximately 14 million metric 359,000 [2001 Census]. Halifax is a tonnes of cargo passed through major port: its historic Pier 21 was Halifax in 2000, as well as 94 cruise once the main point of entry for immi- ships. Halifax International Airport is grants to Canada. Today, it still the hub for air transport in Atlantic receives about 0.4% of all recent Canada with nearly three million pas- immigrants, who make up about sengers a year. Lastly, Halifax is home seven per cent of its population. to the eastern centre for the Canadian The Halifax region accounts for National Railway’s domestic and inter- 47% of Nova Scotia’s GDP. Forecasters national distribution network. say Halifax will experience an increase Halifax’s largest employer is the of 3.0% in real economic growth Department of National Defence annually over the next five years (DND), which operates the Shearwater [Conference Board of Canada]. This Air Force Base and Maritime Forces growth will be due in large part to a Atlantic base. These employ about number of key industries and a 11,000 Canadian Forces members diversification of the local economy. and civilian DND employees. Halifax is considered the financial The Halifax region also has an centre of Atlantic Canada with important research and development substantial growth in its financial, sector with several research institu- insurance and real estate sectors in tions and two major universities – recent years. Traditional reliance on Dalhousie and St. Mary’s. Research the natural resources – both land and focuses on product development, aero- sea – and tourism are giving way to space, biotechnology, environment, developments in the near future in oil agriculture, manufacturing, software and gas; information and communica- development, and health sciences. tions technology; cultural industries of Halifax is home to the National film and television, music and the Research Council’s Institute for arts; advanced manufacturing; Marine Biosciences and the Life Sciences Development Association. 60 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Develop a federal urban policy. ■ Develop a Fair Housing Act to pro- Such a policy would involve: mote more affordable housing for – Providing leadership and vision, seniors, the working poor and the but letting local communities disabled. determine the priorities; ■ Create a “Made in Atlantic Canada – Coordinating government pro- Fund” to lever offshore gas dollars grams and services to avoid to use for transit, harbour cleanup, duplication; and the economic development of – Creating more flexible the region. programs/funding to allow for ■ long-term planning; and Increase funding for sewer and – Ensuring that this policy meets water infrastructure. As well, the the needs of all our urban cen- Government of Canada should tres and not just the big cities. develop national water standards to address concerns about water sup- ■ Offer support for harbour cleanup ply protection. and other harbour solutions by pro- ■ viding funding and working with Consult local communities and gov- provincial and local governments. ernments about the disposal and Redevelopment of the harbour has development of federal lands. Action the potential to generate $80 mil- on surplus lands should take into lion in federal and provincial taxes. account local priorities such as affordable housing or preservation ■ Develop a separate infrastructure of heritage sites. program to fund transit expansion ■ and upgrades, and encourage bet- Encourage more immigration to the ter, integrated modes of transit (i.e. Atlantic region and offer improved rail, roads, ports, airports, etc.). resettlement services. Immigration brings new ideas and energy, and ■ Create a Core Redevelopment Policy helps drive the local economy. to encourage people to live down- ■ town, to encourage developers to Increase funding to youth programs build on brownfield sites and reno- and create training and develop- vate/preserve heritage buildings, ment programs. and to encourage core economic ■ Encourage research and develop- development. The policy should ment on urban issues by increasing include measures to protect people financial support to universities (i.e. working poor and homeless) and research institutes. who may be hurt by increased costs ■ Support Community Foundations in the core neighbourhoods. and amend funding criteria to allow economic community redevelop- ment SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 61

PARTICIPANTS

HALIFAX REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY METRO FOOD BANK Mayor Peter J. Kelly Diane Swinemar

Dan English, Acting CAO GREATER HALIFAX PARTNERSHIP Betty MacDonald, Finance Stephen Dempsey, Acting President David P. McKinnon, Chief of Police, MI’KMAQ FRIENDSHIP CENTRE Halifax Regional Municipality Police Donna Hannaford, Director, Shelter Department Learning & Employment GOVERNMENT OF NOVA SCOTIA, MUNICIPAL SERVICES CLEAN NOVA SCOTIA Hon. Angus MacIsaac, Minister of Peggy Cameron Service Nova Scotia and Municipal METRO IMMIGRANT SETTLEMENT ASSOCIATION Relations Claudette Legault David Darrow, Executive Director NOVA SCOTIA DISABLED PERSONS Municipal Services Division COMMISSION

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Charles MacDonald, Executive Dr. David Cameron, Chair, Director Department of Political Science REACH NOVA SCOTIA

ST. MARY’S UNIVERSITY Tova Sherman, Executive Director Dr. Andrew Harvey, Department of THE HALIFAX INNER CITY INITIATIVE Economics Joan Jones

HERITAGE TRUST OF NOVA SCOTIA HARBOUR CITY HOMES Elizabeth Paccy Nancy Wooden, General Manager

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ALDERNEY LANDING, DARTMOUTH LIMITED Dr. Paul Robinson, Board of Directors Bill Campbell, Director of Planning & WALLACE, MACDONALD & LIVELY Development Barry Zwicker, Urban Planner HALIFAX INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY THE ADAM GROUP Reg Milley, President & CEO Wayne Adams, Consultant ECOLOGY ACTION CENTRE CANADA TRANSPORTATION ACT REVIEW PANEL Alexandra Fisher Brian Flemming, Former Chair PIER 21 SOCIETY OTHERS Dr. Ruth Goldbloom, President Anne Muecke, Urban Issues DOWNTOWN HALIFAX BUSINESS COMMISSION Consultant Karin McCaskill, Chair, Board of Management SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 63

Montreal, Quebec November 12-13, 2001

he City of Montreal is the second Montreal is also one of two recog- largest urban centre in Canada. nized International Financial Centres TWith a population of 1,775,846 in Canada. It has one of the largest in the 1996 Census, it makes up 53% international airports in the country, of the census metropolitan area (CMA). serving over nine million passengers The population of the CMA, which every year. As well, it has a large includes Montreal’s many suburbs, is international port that handles over 3,427,000 [Census 2001]. Montreal is 20 million metric tonnes annually. the second largest francophone city in The City of Montreal has a unique the world with 53 per cent of its citi- relationship with its provincial govern- zens having French as their first lan- ment. In 1999, the City of Montreal guage. It attracts 12% of all immi- signed a framework agreement with grants to Canada, and they make up the Government of Quebec concerning 26.5 per cent of its population. the development of urban centres. The Montreal’s economy accounts for agreement gives the city more fiscal 49% of Quebec’s total GDP. Its fore- powers and additional revenue sources casted economic growth is 3.3 per for public transit (through a provincial cent per annum, on average, over the vehicle registration fee) and settlement next five years (Conference Board of services for new immigrants. Canada). An important factor in In addition, Montreal is home to Montreal’s economy is its highly edu- several universities, including McGill cated work force: 26.8% of those 15 University, Concordia University, the years old or over are university gradu- Université de Montréal and the ates – the highest rate for a Canadian Université du Québec à Montréal. urban centre. These post-secondary institutions The success of Montreal’s economy offer important services to the com- is also due to its diversity. Key industry munity and economy, especially clusters include: clothing, textiles, and through research, development and furniture manufacturing; automobiles, innovation. McGill University, for advanced technologies; telecommunica- example, is an intensive research tions; biotechnology and genomics; institution and is affiliated with more pharmaceuticals; aeronautics and than 75 research centres and Centres aerospace technology; chemicals; of Excellence Networks. McGill is financial services; film and television; active in such research areas as aero- tourism; and retail. One of Montreal’s space medicine, genomics, telecom- largest employers is Bombardier, an munications, robotics and intelligent aviation manufacturer, which employs systems, pulp and paper research, more than 12,000 people. nutrition, and neuroscience. 64 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ There is a need for an integrated – Investing in train links between urban strategy that: the airports and downtown; – Develops better synergy between – Improving Route 30 as a way for governments; trucks and through traffic to – Involves an active approach to bypass Montreal. urban issues; – Redeveloping the Port of – Focuses on local solutions to Montreal. local problems; Investment in urban transit and – Involves ongoing monitoring of infrastructure will reduce green- federal government polices; house gas emissions and improve – Ensures strategic planning for economic competitiveness. metropolitan areas; and ■ Create a National Transportation – Encourages tripartite agreements Strategy by amending the current and partnerships with govern- Infrastructure Program to include a ments, the private sector, the transit component or by creating a voluntary sector, and community Canadian version of the US groups. Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21). ■ Create a Ministry of Urban Affairs ■ Work with VIA Rail to improve that represents the will of cooperation with intra-urban transit government, and pushes the urban (i.e. along the lines of GO Transit agenda. and AMT), to coordinate use of CN ■ Develop a new relationship with the and CP Rail lines, and to improve newly amalgamated City of passenger rail service in the Montreal. Windsor-Quebec corridor. ■ Invest in urban transportation to ■ Encourage partnership to leverage relieve congestion and gridlock on private investment in programs major highways and roads in such as Infrastructure. In Montreal, Montreal. This should include: private-public partnerships could – Subsidizing public transit help complete construction on services; Highways 25 and 40. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 65

■ Establish an Affordable Housing ■ Enhance polices that reduce risky Strategy, with a large CHMC role in behaviour (i.e. prostitution, drug affordable housing, incentives for use, gambling etc….) by investing in rental housing, extension of SCPI vulnerable groups and marginalized funding for homelessness, and communities. Assistance should be increased emphasis on social hous- focused on Aboriginal people, the ing. handicapped, the homeless, youth, and single-parent families. ■ Protect international trade links and border trade. Cross-border ■ Encourage brownfield redevelop- trade is important to Montreal’s ment in the urban core. In economic development. Montreal, it is estimated that there are 30-40 million square feet of ■ Invest in immigration as a source of contaminated land. new manpower and new ideas. Ensure immigration is not hurt by ■ Increase long-term funding for enhanced security. infrastructure repair and water treatment. National water stan- ■ Encourage and fund the develop- dards should also be considered. In ment of Intercultural or Montreal, 40% of water processed is Multicultural communities to lost due to leaking pipelines. improve quality of life. ■ Review waste management and dis- posal regulations, and encourage the conversion of non-hazardous waste for energy production. 66 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF MONTRÉAL EQUITERRE Mayor Pierre Bourque Sidney Ribaux, General Coordinator

Sylvie Labelle, Coordinator, Target CONSEIL RÉGIONAL DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT Neighbourhoods Coralie Deny, Project Director Dr. Gilbert Cordeau, Community CLEANING OUR AIR AND WATER Security Ronald Poissant, Engineer Maurice Chalom, Community Security Fadima Diallo, Communications SECOR Corinne Brunnelle, Governmental Marcel Côté, President Affairs COMITÉ DU MAIRE

CITY OF LAVAL Serge Bruneau, Coordinator Urban Mayor Gilles Vaillancourt Social Problems

MONTRÉAL URBAN COMMUNITY (MUC) RÉGIE RÉGIONALE DE LA SANTÉ ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT (RRSSS) Alain-Jean Bart Dr. Louis Drouin, Department Head – Michelle Côté Public Health Department Chantal Gagnon, Urban Planning France Trickay, Public Health DAWSON COLLEGE Department Robert Keaton, Professor, Political LA PRESSE Science Department André Pratte, Editor-in-Chief COALITION TO RENEW CANADA’S INFRASTRUCTURE FÉDÉRATION DES MÉDECINS SPÉCIALISTES DU QUÉBEC (FMSQ) Jim Facette, Director Dr. Gilles Hudon, Health Policy PRO-EST Director Carole Drolet, Director General Dr. Robert Perreault, Department of MONTREAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTE Psychiatry Pierre Desrochers, Research Director Dr. Marie France Raynault,

MONTRÉAL INTERNATIONAL Communications Jacques Girard, President and CROISSANT DE L’EST Director General Sylviane Di Folco, Director General Francis Fox, CEO Christian Charron

VIA RAIL CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Marc LeFrançois, President Dr. Claude Renaud

Christine Keon-Sirsly, Chief Strategy VIVRE EN VILLE Officer Alexandre Turgeon, Vice-President

TRANSPORT 2000 RÉSEAU D’AIDE POUR LES PERSONNES SEULES Normand Parisien, Director ET ITINÉRANTES DE MONTRÉAL (RAPSIM)

SOCIÉTÉ DE TRANSPORT DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ Martin Petit, Organizer URBAINE DE MONTRÉAL (STCUM) René Charest

Robert Stafford, Corporate Councillor INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (INRS) Gérard Divay, President SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 67

Vancouver, British Columbia November 15-16, 2001

he third largest urban region in Centres in Canada and is the third Canada, the City of Vancouver largest film and television production Thas a population of 571,708 and centre in North America. Vancouver is a population of 1,980,000 in the cen- also home to Canada’s largest port sus metropolitan area (CMA) [2001 (where 76.6 million tonnes were statistics]. Greater Vancouver is one of shipped in 2000) and Vancouver the fastest growing metropolitan areas International Airport is Canada’s sec- in Canada, mainly because of inter- ond busiest (with 16 million passen- national immigration. Eighty-seven per gers in 2000.) cent (87.2%) of the area’s population The City of Vancouver has special growth is due to immigration, with a recognition from the provincial gov- large majority of immigrants coming ernment of British Columbia. Under from Southeast Asia. [287,675 immi- the Vancouver Charter, the City of grants settled in Greater Vancouver Vancouver enjoys special legislative between 1993 and 2000, of which status including the ability to partici- 80.7% came from Asia]. Because of the pate in public/private partnerships large number of immigrants to the and legislative controls over zoning area, over 90 distinct languages are and development. The City of spoken in this urban centre. Vancouver is also a member of the Vancouver’s attraction to immigrants Greater Vancouver Regional District has made it one of the most culturally (GVRD). The GVRD is a unique form diverse cities in North America. In of regional government: a partnership addition, Vancouver has a population of 21 municipalities and one electoral of more than 31,000 Aboriginal people. area working together to provide Economically, the Vancouver region essential services throughout the accounts for 53% of British region. Columbia’s GDP, according to the Greater Vancouver is home to two Conference Board of Canada. major universities: the University of Traditionally a resource-based econo- British Columbia and Simon Fraser my, Greater Vancouver is experiencing University. These institutions are growth in other industry and business major generators of new ideas and sectors including: banking and technologies. For example, the financial services; tourism; high tech- University of British Columbia estab- nology; film and television; transpor- lished the Clean Energy Research tation; communications; call centres; Centre in 2001. As well, the university biotechnology; aerospace; and retail. generated 13 new spin-off companies In addition, Vancouver is one of two and filed 183 patents on new tech- designated International Financial nologies last year. 68 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Create forums for cooperation and interest loan program for condo discussion between municipal and repairs, a CMHC leaky condo pro- provincial governments, and non- gram, or a GST rebate on condo profit organizations to address spe- repair materials. cific, local issues. A successful ■ Provide leadership and support for model to follow is the Vancouver regional sustainability plans, Agreement on the redevelopment of which include initiatives for green Vancouver’s Lower Eastside. space, transit, infill development, ■ Encourage permanent regional energy efficiency, and brownfield councils as forums to consult reclamation. municipal and provincial govern- ■ Recognize the roles of cities as cen- ments on federal policy decisions tres for integration and settlement ■ Develop a national vision for urban for immigrants and refugees by Aboriginal people, which includes allocating funding for resettlement funding and resources for programs programs, skills training and ESL such as pre-employment and life education. Access to HRDC pro- skills training, affordable housing, grams should also be available to youth initiatives and health pro- immigrants. grams. The protection of Aboriginal ■ Develop national standards or cultural heritage and support for guidelines that recognize foreign urban Friendship Centres should credentials and work experience to be included. help integrate immigrants into the ■ Address congestion and gridlock by work force and alleviate labour creating a long-term plan for infra- shortages. structure and transit. Funding ■ Provide support for community needs to be farseeing, active and models of arts and cultural develop- strategic. The strategy must also ment programs and more long-term recognize the importance of gateway funding for this sector. cities, like Vancouver, for their role ■ Create a National Childcare in transporting goods by creating a Strategy that supports families and National Roads program. funds childcare, preschool and ■ Create a long-term National prenatal care. Housing Program. This should ■ Become the leader in prevention, include funding for social housing education and treatment of drug and homeless shelters, and tax and alcohol use, especially among incentives for the private sector to young people. build more rental and affordable ■ housing. Implement Canada-wide system to deal with the sexual exploitation of ■ Offer support to help solve prob- youth. This is a particular concern lems related to the leaky condos among the Aboriginal population in crisis. This could include a no- Vancouver. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 69

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF VANCOUVER S.U.C.C.E.S.S. Mayor Philip Owen Lillian To, CEO

Jennifer Clarke, Councillor YMCA OF GREATER VANCOUVER Sam Sullivan, Councillor Bill Stewart, President and CEO Sandy McCormick, Councillor Shirley Broadfoot, Endowment Fund Don Lee, Councillor Trustee Dale McClanaghan, Planning UNITED NATIVE NATIONS SOCIETY Commission Casey LaRochelle Carol Ann Young, Social Planning Steve Wilson, Chief, Na na kila Judy Rogers, City Manager ABORIGINAL POLICY ACTION COMMITTEE GREATER VANCOUVER REGIONAL DISTRICT (GVRD) Glen Campbell George Puil, Chair, Board of Directors GREATER VANCOUVER GATEWAY COUNCIL Johnny Carline, GVRD’s Regional Larry Berg, Chair Sustainability Initiative Mike Lovecchio Ken Cameron, Manager of Policy and VANCOUVER NATIVE HEALTH SOCIETY Planning Lou Demerais, Executive Director

GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA TENANTS RIGHTS-ACTION COMMITTEE Hon. George Abbott, Minister of Venessa Geary Community, Aboriginal and BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Women’s Services Jerry Lampert Anna Wong, Communications Advisor Patrick Ewing, Department of URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE Intergovernmental Relations Maureen Enser, Executive Director Renate Bublick, Associate Executive SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Director Judy Oberlander, Director of City Henry Kamphof, Capital Region Programs Housing Mark Roseland, Director, Community Economic Development Centre YWCA Sheila Davidson, Director, Simon Lois Halstad, Executive Director Fraser University Child Care Centre Nancy Cameron, YWCA Crabtree Corner UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Dennis Pavlich, VP External and Legal VANCOUVER ABORIGINAL COUNCIL Affairs David Stevenson Gordon Lovegrove, Director for FESTIVAL VANCOUVER Transportation Planning, Trek George Laverock, Program Director Program Center ORGANIZED CRIME AGENCY OF BRITISH Patrick Reid, Rick Hansen Institute COLUMBIA Margo Fryer, Director – Learning David Douglas, Chief Officer Exchange VANCOUVER BOARD OF TRADE Fred Pritchard, Director of Planning, Dave Park, Assistant Managing Campus Planning and Development Director and Chief Economist 70 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

ALLIANCE FOR ARTS AND CULTURE BETTER ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND Lori Baxter, Executive Director TRANSPORTATION David Thompson, Executive Director CBC NORTH Ray Straatsma, Communications and Tera Tailleur Policy Director NATIONAL ABORIGINAL HOUSING ASSOCIATION ST. JAMES COMMUNITY SERVICES David Seymour, Director Heather Dunsford ALCOHOL-DRUG EDUCATION VANCOUVER ABORIGINAL COUNCIL Art Steinmann, Executive Director Blair Harvey, Director of Community DAVID SUZUKI FOUNDATION Development Alex Boston UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR Dr. Peter Oberlander, Professor SUSTAINABLE CITIES David Dungate, Secretary Treasurer URBAN SYSTEMS DESIGN Sebastian Moffatt VANCOUVER PORT AUTHORITY Jim Crandles, Director, Port SMART GROWTH BC Development Cheeying Ho, Executive Director

INSURANCE CORPORATION OF BC ROAD SAFETY LOWER MAINLAND NETWORK FOR AFFORDABLE AND LOSS PREVENTION HOUSING Lyall Woznesky, Manager Kimiko Karpoff, Advocate Tim Murphy VANCOUVER SUN

FRASER BASIN COUNCIL Francis Bula, Reporter Jack Blaney, Chair OTHER

THE MAGIC FLUTE May Brown David Lemon, Owner SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 71

Calgary, Alberta February 1, 2002

he City of Calgary is the largest and scientists in the country (44 out city in Alberta with a population of every 1000 people in the work Tof 876,519 (2001). It makes up force.) It also ranks second in Canada, 91% of the census metropolitan area after Toronto, for the number of head (CMA) with a population of 965,262 offices located there. (1999). Calgary is one of the fastest Calgary Regional Partnership, com- growing cities in Canada and is con- posed of 12 jurisdictions, is the first sidered the third most culturally regional partnership in Alberta to be diverse. This is due to its high propor- funded by government. It works coop- tion of visible minorities and immi- eratively on issues like watershed grants, which make up 20.8% of the mapping, emergency services and eco- CMA’s population. It is also home to nomic development. The City of over 15,000 urban Aboriginal people, Calgary has also formed a formal a number that is expected to increase. partnership with the City of The City of Calgary and the City of Edmonton to work cooperatively on Edmonton account for 64% of advocacy and economic issues in a Alberta’s GDP [Conference Board of way that will benefit both cities. Canada]. It is expected to experience Post-secondary educational institu- an annual real GDP growth of 3.2% tions in Calgary include community over the next five years. colleges, technical schools and a Calgary’s economy has traditionally major university. The University of been dominated by oil and gas, but Calgary has what is considered over the years it has become very Canada’s largest university-affiliated diversified. Key sectors include: infor- research park. It is a member of 17 mation technology; biotechnology; Networks of Centres of Excellence, transportation and logistics; geomat- and it has the third greatest rate of ics; telecommunications; tourism and research commercialization in the the arts; business services; construc- country with 135 technology disclo- tion; financial services; manufactur- sures and 43 patent applications filed ing; and retail. In addition, the econo- in 2000-2001.In addition, the my benefits because Calgary has the University plans to open two new highest percentage among Canadian research centres: the Health Research cities of people with a post-secondary Innovation Centre and the Calgary education (60%.) It also has the Centre for Innovation Technology. highest concentration of engineers 72 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SUMMARY OF ROUNDTABLE

■ Develop a National Urban Strategy ■ Work with provinces, universities that strengthens partnership with and accrediting bodies to develop municipalities, is cooperative, and standards and guidelines to recog- includes an access point for nize foreign credentials and work municipal governments to consult experience of immigrants. with the Government of Canada. ■ Increase direct funding for urban It should also recognize the impor- Aboriginal people through munici- tance of cities to economic and pal resettlement programs, skills social development – “Strong cites training, shelter and housing, build a strong nation.” primary and secondary Aboriginal ■ Help relieve pressures on municipal school programs, and increased infrastructure by amending the tax Canada Health and Social code to permit depreciation for Transfers. municipal infrastructure purchases ■ Support and offer funding for urban (e.g. buses, light rail transit, heavy Aboriginal youth programs in post- equipment) and removing fuel tax secondary schooling, employment, on urban transit. health, and community develop- ■ Increase long-term funding to ment. transportation infrastructure pro- ■ Offer leadership to the arts and jects to relieve traffic congestion culture community by encouraging and improve the transportation of dialogue and the sharing of best goods and passengers. The two practices in the promotion and most important projects in Calgary funding of this sector. are expanding transit service and ■ constructing a ring road. Build on the Canada Volunteer Initiative, which recognizes the ■ Develop an Affordable Housing and importance of citizenship and National Housing Strategy with the volunteerism in the building of provinces. This could include a communities and human capital. flexible grant program to lower the ■ financing cost of new and rehabili- Revise tax laws so that donations to tated housing, permitting deprecia- community foundations and non- tion costs for heritage buildings, profit organizations would not be and developing strategies to attract considered taxable gains. This skilled labour through immigration would create an incentive for more, and apprenticeship programs. and larger, private donations. ■ ■ Increase shelter and rental assis- Develop a Government of Canada tance in major cities to combat smart growth program to encourage homelessness and poverty. In and fund sustainable regional Calgary, 1200 people stay in tempo- solutions to development, economic, rary shelter each night, and over and environmental issues that 11,000 people every year spend at cross municipal boundaries. least one night in a shelter. SUMMARIES OF REGIONAL ROUNDTABLES 73

PARTICIPANTS

CITY OF CALGARY VOLUNTEER CALGARY Mayor Dave Bronconnier Martha Parker, Board Member

Joe Ceci, Alderman CALGARY HOMELESS FOUNDATION Diane Colley-Urquhart, Alderman Terry Roberts, Executive Director Linda Fox-Mellway, Alderman ALBERTA ASSOCIATION CANADIAN INSTITUTE Madeline King, Alderman OF PLANNERS Gord Lowe, Alderman Stan Schwartzenberger, President Ric McIver, Alderman CALGARY ABORIGINAL URBAN AFFAIRS John Schmal, Alderman COMMITTEE Diane Danielson, Alderman Dean Shingoose, Chairman Brenda King, Intergovernmental and THE CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE Partnership Liaison TRANSPORTATION Marc Henry, Chief of Staff, Mayor’s Norman S. Leach, President & CEO Office METIS NATION ASSOCIATION, Brenda Baxter, Coordinator, LOCAL COUNCIL 87 Intergovernmental Affairs Gloria Controis Owen Tobert, Acting CEO THE NATIVE CENTRE CITY OF AIRDRIE Shawna Cunningham, Director Linda Bruce, Alderman URBAN SOCIETY FOR ABORIGINAL YOUTH TOWN OF COCHRANE Jonathan Potskin, Executive Director Mayor Judy Stewart Summer Stonechild, President and Truper McBride, Councillor Chairman

M.D. OF FOOTHILLS ALBERTA URBAN MUNICIPALITIES ASSOCIATION Ron Laycraft, Councillor Mayor George Rogers, President

UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY SUSTAINABLE CALGARY Dr. James Frideres, Professor of Monica Pohlmann Sociology and Associate Vice- THE CALGARY FOUNDATION President (Academic) Dr. Ralph T. Strother, Chairman of the CANADA WEST FOUNDATION Board Dr. Roger Gibbins, Director CALGARY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Loleen Berdahl, Director of Research Sheri Hofstetter, Policy Analyst EPCOR CENTRE FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS PROMOTING CALGARY INC. Colin Jackson, Executive Director Norman S. Leach, Director, Business GLENBOW MUSEUM Connections Michael Robinson, CEO MÉTIS SENIORS ASSOICATION URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE – CALGARY Ramona Kuhn Paul Taylor, Chairman ABORIGINAL STANDING COMMITTEE ON HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS Carrie Neilson PRESENTERS AT TASK FORCE MEETINGS 75

Presenters at Task Force Meetings in Ottawa

CANADIAN AIRPORTS COUNCIL Alderman John Schmal, First Vice- Neil Raynor, Executive Director President Michael Von Heff, GPC Consultants Louise Comeau, Director, Sustainable Orli Namian, GPC Consultants Communities and Environment CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS Policy Steven Brasier, Executive Director Marni Cappe, Senior Policy Advisor, David Palubeski, President Office of the CEO Mark Seasons, Past President John Burrett, Manager, Policy, Economic and Social Policy CANADIAN TRUCKING ALLIANCE Massimo Bergamini, Vice President, Department Public Affairs INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE Graham Cooper, Sr. Vice President SCIENTIFIQUE (INRS) Mario Polèse, Director, City and CANADIAN URBAN INSTITUTE Development Group Glenn Miller, Director of Applied Research NATIONAL ROUND TABLE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE ECONOMY Mark Entwistle David McGuinty, President and Chief CANADIAN URBAN TRANSIT ASSOCIATION Executive Officer Michael Roschlau, President and Meg Ogden, Policy Advisor C.E.O Mike Harcourt, Member Amelia Shaw, Manager of Public NEPTIS FOUNDATION Affairs Anthony Coombes, Executive Director CARLETON UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PUBLIC RAILWAY ASSOCIATION OF CANADA AFFAIRS & MANAGEMENT Katherine Graham, Assistant Chris Jones, Director, Professor Federal/Provincial Government Liaison CITY OF VANCOUVER Bruce Burrows, Vice President, Mayor Philip W. Owen Government Affairs Judy Rogers, City Manager Donald MacPherson, City’s Drug UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Policy Coordinator Caroline Andrew, Dean Judy Kirk, Consultant URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FEDERATION OF CANADIAN MUNICIPALITIES Paul Mondell Councillor Jack Layton, President Joe Ragusa James W. Knight, Chief Executive Neil Rodgers Officer WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS 77

Written Submissions

AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT IN ISLAM, CANADA CREDIT VALLEY CONSERVATION Dr. Ijaz A. Qamar, Secretary, External Rae Horst, General Manager

Relations (National) DOWNTOWN HALIFAX BUSINESS COMMISSION ASSEMBLY OF MANITOBA CHIEFS Debra Grant

Grand Chief Dennis White Bird EVERGREEN BY DESIGN CONSULTANTS Geoff Cape, Executive Director

Vince Catalli, Secretariat FEDERATION OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND CANADIAN COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES MUNICIPALITIES Janet Dench, Executive Director Stan Campbell, President

CANADIAN URBAN TRANSIT ASSOCIATION GO TRANSIT Michael W. Roschlau, President and W.M. Jenkins, Director of Customer Chief Executive Officer Service

CARPENTERS AND ALLIED WORKERS, LOCAL 27 GREATER TORONTO HOME BUILDER’S ASSOCIATION Mike Yorke, Recording Secretary Patrick O’Hanlon, President CITY OF BRAMPTON GREATER VANCOUVER REGIONAL DISTRICT CITY OF BRANTFORD George Puil, Chair Marguerite Ceschi-Smith, City GREATER VANCOUVER CULTURAL PLAN Councillor STEERING COMMITTEE CITY OF GUELPH Mike Murray and Burke Taylor, Mayor Karen Farbridge Co-Chairs

CITY OF KITCHENER HERITAGE CANADA FOUNDATION Councillor Mike Galloway Brian Anthony, Executive Director

CITY OF MISSISSAUGA MALONE GIVEN PARSONS LTD. David O’Brien, City Manager L. Lee Parsons, P. Eng, MCIP, Partner

CITY OF OTTAWA MONTREAL INTERNATIONAL Mayor Bob Chiarelli Jacques Girard, President and CEO

CITY OF TORONTO OTTAWA TOURISM AND CONVENTION Councillor Betty Disero AUTHORITY INC. Catherine A. Lindquist, Vice President, CITY OF WINDSOR Industry Development Jim Yanchula, City Center Revitalization Manager PEEL FEDERATION OF AGRICULTURE David Lyons CITY OF YELLOWKNIFE Mayor Gordon Van Tighem POLLUTION PROBE John Wellner, Air Programme Director CITYSCAPE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Mathew Rosenblatt, Principal RAFNA INDUSTRIES LIMITED Barry Pingel, President 78 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SASKATOON HOUSING INITIATIVES TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION PARTNERSHIP Brian Ashton, Chair Brenda L. Wallace, Executive Director TOWNSHIP OF SCUGOG SIERRA CLUB PRAIRIE CHAPTER Mayor Doug Moffatt

THE CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA TRANSPORTATION Professor Barry Wellar Norman S. Leach, President and CEO UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO THE HALIFAX INNER CITY INITIATIVE Larry S. Bourne, FRSC MCIP, Gordon Michael, Coordinator Professor of Geography and THE RAILWAY ASSOCIATION OF CANADA Planning Gérald Gauthier, Director, Industry Director, Graduate Program in Liaison Planning

THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE / ONTARIO Emil Kolb, Regional Chair and Chief Neil H. Rodgers, President Executive Officer VANCOUVER PORT AUTHORITY THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF YORK Captain Gordon Houston, President Denis Kelly, Regional Clerk, Corporate and CEO and Legal Services Department WORKING GROUP ON POVERTY THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALTON John Argue, Program Director Joyce Savoline, Regional Chair OTHERS THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM Philip Russo Larry O’Connor, Chair, Health and Blanche Lemco van Ginkel, CM Social Services Committee E. M. Kurak THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTE OF Sam Bornstein CANADA Helen, Anne, Robert Hansen Jon Hobbs, MRAIC Architect, Albert J. Mettler, Consultant in Executive Director Electric Railway Design THE TORONTO BOARD OF TRADE Jud Nichols Elyse M. Allan, President and CEO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 79

Acknowledgements

Natasha Bartlett, Marketing Dr. Lorna Marsden EMA Canada President, York University Don Baxter, Director Jim McFarlane, Vice President Economic Development, City of Burlington Corporate Services Total Credit Recovery Ltd. His Worship Maire Pierre Bourque City of Montréal Gary Menzie Alan Broadbent, Chairman His Worship Mayor Glen Murray Maytree Foundation City of Winnipeg His Worship Mayor Dave Bronconnier Caroline Neufeld, Manager of City of Calgary Intergovernmental Affairs EPC Secretariat, City of Winnipeg Lois Carson Boyce Dr. H. Peter Oberlander, Professor Bill Cheung University of British Columbia His Worship Mayor Bob Chiarelli City of Ottawa His Worship Mayor Philip W. Owen City of Vancouver David Crombie, President & CEO Canadian Urban Institute Wally Philips Dr. Peter Regenstreif Cynthia Douwes, Morris J. WOSK Policy Concepts Centre for Dialogue Simon Fraser University Don Richmond, President and CEO OMERS His Worship Mayor Yves Ducharme City of Gatineau Paul Robinson Statistics Canada Jason Ferrigan, Planner Urban Strategies, Inc. Peter Ross York University Janet Fraser, Executive Assistant Office of the Mayor, City of Vancouver Mary Rowe, Manager, Public Discourse Anne Golden, President & CEO AVANA Capital Corporation The Conference Board of Canada Diana Santo, Vice President, Real Jane Jacobs, Author Estate Planning Services His Worship Mayor Peter Kelly Price Waterhouse Coopers, LLP City of Halifax Rossanna Scotti, Strategic and His Worship Mayor Mel Lastman Corporate Policy – Healthy City City of Toronto Office Dr. Sheldon Levy, Vice President, CAO’s Office, City of Toronto Government and Institutional Dr. Stan Shapson, Vice President, Relations Research and Innovation University of Toronto York University 80 CANADA’S URBAN STRATEGY:AVISION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

His Worship Mayor Bill Smith Ernest Vincent, General Manager City of Edmonton National Trade Centre Jeff Turner, Communications Janice Wong, Conference Services Department Manager York University Delta Hotel, Vancouver Bill Rempel, Past Chair Dr. Shirley Wong The Calgary Chamber of Commerce