^

620.5 STX THl 104:3 SPR 1989

^ f9pf

1^ I ^feN V

J K MITCHELL AGR 338 AGR ENGR SCI BLDG CAMPUS IL 00644 \:\t\\•:i^^.^^^i^\ii^.

ASHTON-TATE, the premier developer of microcomputer business software products like dBASE IV; FRAMEWORK

MultiMate Advantage ll," MASTER GRAPHICS'; and the Macintosh products, including Full Impact" and FullWrite Professional" will be on campus:

Tuesday, April 11

interviewing

Computer Science, Engineering and .vV^^ ^<.^ Applied Math degree candidates

for positions in: Microcomputer Software Development

vX'^ ^^^ A^- See your Career Planning and Placement Office Mv^ for more details and to sign up.

.Aashtontatf ^" ^

20101 Hamilton Avenue Torrance, CA 90502

Equal Opportunity Employer 1

Illinois Technograph Spring 1989 Volume 104, Issue 3

Editor-in-Chief: Kiefer K. Mayenkar The Septillion Ton String By lack Gidding Superstring remnants from the Big Bang, Business Manager: Karen Vallero infinitely massive and infinitesimally thin, may hold the answers to creation.

Production Editor: Victoria L. Degler

Features Editor: Iris Chang The Eagle Has Landed By Mike Grimm The EAGLE FYogram offers American en- Copy Editor: Scott M. Heydinger gineering students the opportunity to inter- face with their Asian counterparts. Asst. Copy Editor: Melinda Ciien The Invisible Peacekeeper EOH Editor: lack A. Gidding By A.]. Singh The science of nuclear assault enters an entirely new realm with the advent of the Photo Editor: Dan Powers Stealth Bomber.

Designer: Brian Switzer Undergraduate Research At UIUC 9 By Lorenzo Smith Research enables undergraduate students Asst. Designer: Mathieu Nuygen to gain valuable work experience and put theory into practice. Publisher: Michael Smeltzer Departments

Forum 2, In Focus 6

Production Managers: Mary Cory, Kit Up Close 1 Donahue

Editorial Staff: Thomas Chuang, Mike Grimm, Minako Hashimoto, Laurie Hell- mer, Calvin Huang, Chi-ting Huang, David Kenyon, Kinney Ludwa, Andrew

Martens, Bradley Maurer, Julie Reyer, Bij- al Shah, A.J.Singh, Ken Skodacek, Loren- zo Smith, Ketan Thakkar, Todd Veltman, Dean Wagner, Mon Yee, Deborah Zan- Illinois Technograph. 57E. Green Si .Champaign. Illinois. 61820. phone: dell. (217) 333-6602.

Copynghl mini Media Company. 1988, Staff: Photo Christopher Guy, Laurie niuiois Technograph (USPS 258 760). Vol. 104 No. 2 Hellmer, Ken Horlander, Julie Reyer, Winter 1988. Illinois Technograph is published four times during ihc academic year at the University of Illinois at Uibana-Champaign Pub- Dean Wagner, Mon Yee. lished by the IlLni Media Co., 57 E Green St , Champaign. IL 61820

Subsnptions arc available for $7.25 per academic year Advertismg by

Utiel-Murray-Bamhill. Inc.. P.O. Box 1405. Morrislown. NJ. 07960- Cover/illustrations: Brian Switzer 1405 Illinois Technograph is a member of Engineering College Maga- zines Associated. forum

International Perspective

From The Wall Street Journal, Monday. majors at most universities are not even UIUC currently has exchange agree- February 27, 1989: required to take any sort of intemational ments with three universities in France: education class, let alone one in a foreign L'Ecole Nationale des Fonts et Chaussees ' The next century's corporate chief language. in Paris, L'Institut Nationale Polytechni- must have a multicnvironment, multicoun- Unfortunate also is the fact that here que de Lorraine, and Univerite de Tech- try, multifunction^, maybe even multi- at the University of Illinois, students and nologic de Compiegne. Interested students company, multi-industry experience." specifically engineers, have ample oppor- should be juniors or seniors. -Ed Dunn, Corporate Vice President tunity to take advantage of the growing The Colombian summer program is Whirlpcxil Corporation. trend of globalization but rarely do so. arranged through the Universidad de los Foreign languages and cultural courses are Andes in Bogota. Students work part-time

" Global, global, global, " is how only the beginning. The university also in Colombian industry for nine weeks, Noel Tichy, a professor at University of offers a wide range of intemational educa- which includes two weeks of travel Michigan's graduate school of business tion programs that are intended exactly for through Colombia and South America. describes the wider-ranging chief execu- the purpose of providing intemational ex- An exchange program is available for tive of the future. perience to students. students in ceramic engineering to study UIUC is the only college in the U.S. for one year at the Universidade de " With over half of Arthur Andersen offering an Intemational Minor in En- Aveiro in Portugal. Students should be & Co.'s revenue generated outside the gineering as part of a regular degree prog- juniors with some knowledge of Portu- U.S., the company's next chief executive ram. A major in mechanical engineering guese. will be a person with experience outside may have a minor in Far Eastern Studies, The college works with Yonsei Uni- the borders of the U.S...." an Electrical engineer may have a minor versity in Seoul, Korea to involve students -Duane R. Kullberg, Partner Arthur in Latin American studies and so on. The in work-study programs. The primary Andersen & Co. minor requires 21 semester hours of cultu- goals are to have students learn Korean ral and language studies in the area of through intensive language study and gain

A great deal of foresight is not neces- concentration. The student must also work experience. sary to conclude that corporate success in spend eight weeks working or studying in Additional information on these and the fuuire will very much be related to the the geographical area of concentration. other programs is available at 207 En- intemational experience posessed by a The Summer Opportunity in China gineering Hall. particular individual or firm. Even today, Program was developed to introduce stu- Although the future is seldom clear in many growing businesses are realizing dents to Chinese culture and to give them the volatile world of business, the fact that their continued prosperity is depen- a reasonable proficiency in the Chinese that globalization will be important in the dent on their ability to adapt to a world language. Students participating in the nineties and in the coming century is defi- market. program complete an intensive Chinese nite. Students at the University of Illinois We are now on the forefront of a new language course on campus in the spring, have the opportunity to become a part of age in business and the American ignor- which is then followed by six weeks at a this future. The choice is clear. ance of foreign cultures is no longer Chinese university and two additional acceptable. As great American companies weeks touring China. such as Arthur Andersen & Co., Caterpil- The college has an exchange program v^ with the Technische Universitat Munchen lar, and IBM ( to name only a few ) ex- /f/f^/y. pand both nationally and internationally, in Munich and Technische Hochschule in the extent of intemational exposure of Darmstadt, West Germany. Eligibility re- Kiefer K. Mayenkar

their employees is critical to their survival quirements include completion of universi- and success in foreign lands. ty-level German and an outstanding Illinois Tcthnograph inviles letters in response to its articles and

Unfortunately, American education in academic record. editonals. or any other items of interest to its readership Ailicles. photographs, and other contnbutions are also welcome. Letters must be general fails to take into account the great signed, but names wiii be withheld on request. importance of an intemational education. Some high schools require a semester or two of a foreign language. Engineering universe

The Septillion Ton String

string thin. I remember as a little boy staying outside This is comparable to the common phase what keeps the extremely The at night looking at the stars in the night transition of water to ice. No one actually strings with the most symmetric vacuums sky and wondering why they were in such knows how many phase transitions took (the fewest phase transitions) are the thin- random positions. I later learned that stars place at the time of the Big Bang, but it nest. The vacuum also causes the string to were really only components of a much is believed that they all occurred before be extremely massive. A string approx- larger object, a galaxy. Galaxies, like the universe was lEE—35 seconds old. imately 16 kilometers long would have stars, also seem to be distributed at ran- These phase transitions caused the "de- the same mass as the Earth. dom. Or are they? For many years, scien- fects" that occur within the equations that Newton concluded many years ago tists have searched for the reason that model our universe. that mass is the main component of grav- galaxies are distributed as they are. Now Astrophysicists such as Albert Einstein ity. As mass increases, so does its gravita- they may have found one: theoretical en- created equations to describe the creation tional force. A cosmic string, with its ex- tities, called cosmic strings. These are su- and expansion of our universe to a reason- treme mass, can actually bend the space perthin, supermassive strands which were able degree. These equations give the first surrounding it. This can be proven by created a fraction of a second after the support for the theory of cosmic strings. Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. If Big Bang. The solutions to these equations gave rise a cosmic string were to pass between two

it set the two A little over twelve years ago, to three types of defects: domain walls, objects at rest, would ob- T.W.B. Kibble, from the Imperial Col- monopoles, and cosmic strings. In our jects in motion towards each other at lege in London, concocted the concept of universe, we might have any combination 60,000 meters per second. In the bending cosmic strings. The response to his paper of these defects. of space, the string forms space into a on the strings was, however, a little lack- These defects can be thought of as cone around it (diagram 1). A similar idea luster. For five years the subject lay dor- "flaws" in the fabric of space. Occa- is the bending of light near the string. As mant until Yakov B. Zel'dovich, a Soviet sionally, when water freezes, air bubbles was proven some time ago, light can bend physicist, realized that cosmic strings become trapped in the ice. These air bub- in the presence of a very massive object. could explain galactic distribution. Cur- bles are analagous to the flaws that might If the cosmic string were to pass between

rently the theory of cosmic strings is occur in space. The first two theoretical pulses of light instead, the light would be flourishing as the theory of black holes defects, domain walls and monopoles, do bent as the string passed. This causes

did in the 1960's. With a httle anticipa- not fit with what is observed in the uni- what is known as a gravitational lens (dia- tion, the cosmic string theory might be- verse today. Cosmic strings are the most gram 2). If the conditions are just right, come as well known and as reputable as likely of the three theoretical defects be- two images of the same object can be the current black hole theory. cause of their subtle effect on the uni- seen. One of the images is a false image, Anyone who has had a basic science verse. and the true object is not in the position it

course is familiar with the event known as To imagine a cosmic string, visualize appears to be. the Big Bang. The universe was created a very thin wire with infinite length that Galactic formation and distribution is by the Big Bang and has continued its can turn, twist, coil or form loops on it- the most interesting part of this theory. outward expansion for some 15 billion self. Cosmic strings are said to be infinite- Wave theory says that the tension of a years. However, the most interesting time ly long and to span the entire universe. string is directly related to its mass per

frame to study is within the first seconds Strings do not have to exist only as unit length. This gives the cosmic strings after the Big Bang. During that time, straight or twisted strands, but can also a very high tension and makes them prone there existed a very high energy vacuum. exist as coils or separate closed loops. to oscillations. Loops of cosmic strings

As the universe began to expand, its uni- The thickness of the string is suspected to oscillate and radiate gravitational waves. fied force separated into the four known be about lEE-32 meters in diameter. That This causes matter in the universe to mi- forces (electromagnetic, gravitational, means that 3.7EE22 cosmic strings could grate toward an oscillating loop. Larger in turn, strong and weak nuclear force). It also fit within the radius of a hydrogen atom. loops attract smaller loops; the underwent several phase transitions refer- Trapped within a cosmic string are the in- smaller loops attract more matter. This

red to as the "breaking of symmetry." itial vacuum conditions of the Big Bang. could pull matter into galaxies, and galax- The four forces have not yet separated ies into clusters. from the unified force. This vacuum is (continued on page four) (conlinued from page 3)

In 1985, Neil Turok, from the Impe- rial College in London, linked his simula- tions of string behavior to galactic cluster distribution. Suprisingly. this was an accu- rate comparison. Many other calculations have been perfomied to verify that a cos- mic string, or more likely, a network of cosmic strings could match theory to reality. Besides the huge clumps of matter in the universe, there are huge areas that contain no matter. To explain these huge voids, Ed Whitten of the Institute of Adv- anced Study at Princeton University sug- gested that the strings might be supercon- ducting. His colleague, Jeremiah Ostriker, then idealized how the voids might have been formed. The string can have the property of superconductivity because, under the con- ditions of the Big Bang (contained in the string), electrons have no mass and can zip along the string without any resist- ance. This superconductivity would cause very powerful electromagnetic fields. These fields propagate away from the string and expand, creating heat. As the heat builds up, the pressure increases, and a '"bubble" of gas expands to create a void. The theory of superconducting

strings describes matter that is pushed away from the expanding "bubble." con- trary to the theory of gravitational waves, which attract matter to the string. If cosmic strings indeed exist, there is

still a problem of detecting them. The gravitational lens might be one method.

Astronomers can calculate the mass of an through the universe, the temperature of Above is a rendering of possible configurations of object required to produce a gravitational the gas surrounding the string will change. cosmic strings in the abyss of outer space. Of lens by the amount of separation that ex- The gas in front of the string would be infinite mass and infinitesimal thickness, these reinnants from the big bang hold the answers ists between the two images. Cosmic cooler than the gas behind it. With this, may to the beginning of the universe. strings could explain previously encoun- scientists might be able to detect strings tered double-imaged quasars which require by their motion. Several phenomena have

an unseen object between us and the ob- now been located that fit the description Drawing by Brian Switzer ject to have a mass equivalent to a cluster of cosmic strings in the center of the Mil- of galaxies. Also, as cosmic strings move ky Way Galaxy. If these objects move as expected, we may have a more solid basis for the cosmic string theory.

By Jack Gidding on campus

The Eagle Has Landed

After nearly two years of planning, the Specifically, the EAGLE member EAGLE initiative was announced at a schools will consist of eleven 'alliance' national conference in Arlington, Virgi- universities with strong engineering prog- nia, on February 13, 1989. EAGLE, the rams: SUNY-Buffalo, Lehigh, Cornell Engineering Alliance for Global Educa- University, the Georgia Institute of Tech- tion, will be an internship project involv- nology, University of Texas at Austin, ing several leading engineering colleges, Texas A&M, Rose Hulman, University of

in addition to American and Far Eastern Wisconsin, North Carolina State, Uni- companies. The Engineering College at versity of California at Berkeley, and the the University of Illinois played a leading University of Illinois at Urbana—Cham- part in the creation of EAGLE. EAGLE paign. Corporations from the United will take a group of engineering and scien- States as well as from the Pacific Rim will ce students and provide language training also be involved as host companies for the in either Korean, Chinese or Japanese. interns. This is the largest single internship When the language training is completed, project to date to involve universities and the students will receive a year-long businesses in the Far East. The importance Assistant to the Dean David J. Jones EAGLE internship with a company in of the project is illustrated by the funding Korea, China or Japan. of approximately $5,460,000 yearly, with the majority of financing coming from the Phase two, which will begin nearly EAGLE was brought about by the National Science Foundation and grants two years after the students have been growing economic emergence of the from private companies. selected as EAGLE participants, will be an "Pacific Rim" nations; Japan, China and 8-12 month internship for a company lo- South Korea. Presently, the general pub- The EAGLE Initiative itself will con- cated along the Pacific Rim. During this lic, especially the technical sector of the sist of 250 science and engineering stu- time, classes will be scheduled so that American society, is woefully ignorant of dents in a two phase program. The first interns can continue to refine their lan-

the Far Eastern culture, language, and phase is a language program for the stu- guage skills.

technical achievements. Already, the dents, while phase two is the actual in- The EAGLE initiative is a unique Asian advantage can be seen in everything ternship. The students, selected in their opportunity for today's engineering stu- from Hyundai cars (South Korea) to Sony sophomore year, will undergo a rigorous dent to learn engineering from a different Compact Disc Players (Japan). foreign language sequence consisting of a perspective and to live in a foreign culture. five hour class during both semesters of Students interested in the EAGLE Prog- For the United States to continue to their junior year. With every word having ram or any International Studies program produce quality goods at competitive a corresponding character. Oriental should contact David Jones, 207 En- prices, we must be aware of Asian prog- alphabets are notoriously difficult to learn, gineering Hall. ress. Recently, American business leaders and as students need to learn quickly how have been learning about the manangerial to verbally communicate, the emphasis of techniques of Oriental businesses, specifi- the class will be on the spoken language. cally Japanese. This trend has been During the summer after junior year, This article was based on an interview brought about by current books such as EAGLE participants will become involved with David Jones, Assistant to the Dean, Theory Z. The EAGLE project is geared in an "immersive" study of the language, and the College of Engineering document towards the technical side of the Pacific in which they will hone their language "Project Proposals for the Establishment

Rim phenomena; it will provide experi- skills. Phase one ends upon completion of of a U.S. International Engineering Prog- ence for a pool of young engineers to learn the summer session. ram - An EAGLE Initiative". I and communicate with their Asian coun- terparts. By Mike Grimm

Photography by Dan Powers in focus

The Deans of Engineering at UIUC

H ^f

Dean William R. Schowalter Assoc. Dean Chester R. Ganiner Assoc. DeanAJndergiaduate Affairs, Howard L. Wakeland

Asst. Dean Chalmers F. Seachrist, Jr. Asst. Dean Paul E. Parker

Assoc. Dean and Director Preston L. Ransom Assoc. Dean/Admin. Affairs, Anthony Graziano Asst. Dean Darwin M. Bang Asst. Dean Carl S. Lai^on Asst. Dean Hany G. Wenzel

"T K r.

'^^

Asst. Dean Donnell L. Hunt Assistant to the Dean Thomas E Glenn Assistant to the Dean William E. Harris

Presenting the Deans of the College of

Engineering at the University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign for 1988-1989 ( Assistant to the

Dean David J. Jones pictured on page 5 ).

Photos by Julie Reyer

Assoc. Dean/Placement Robert J. Mosberg Asst. to the Dean Jonne Brown technology

The Invisible Peacekeeper

What began as a mere thought during the four engines are cleverly concealed within signals but rather spreads them out over Carter administration has become reality the structure of the aircraft. This allows the surface. This coating is found to be with the introduction of the B-2 Stealth the turbine compressors, a source of great very useful on "hot spots" such as edges Bomber to the public. The destructive radar echo, to be shielded. It is believed and comers. purpose of the B-2 is to enter enemy airs- that each intake duct is divided into a top A highly sophisticated radar can detect pace undetected and execute a nucleiir and bottom section. The top section col- a plane with an RCS factor of 1 square attack upon military installations and other lects air which travels directly through the meter about 230 miles away. Engineers vital targets such as large cities. But the turbine compressor. The bottom section have learned that to reduce the detection Air Force proposed to spend nearly 70 collects air that bypasses the turbine com- range by 50%, the RCS must be reduced billion dollars on the B-2 as a peace keep- pressor and mixes with the hot exhaust, by a factor of 10. Since the B-2 RCS fac- ing project, reasoning that no country thus cooling it down. The mixture of ex- tor is one millionth of a square meter, the would be foolish enough to initiate a nuc- haust and cool air passes through a vaned bomber can come within 4 miles of lear attack if it would provoke a devastat- diffuser that flattens and spreads it out as enemy radar before being detected. At a ing retaliation. it enters the atmosphere. A cooler and typical B-2 speed of 720 miles-per-hour,

There is no question that a truly more dispersed exhaust makes detection this is about 20 seconds before overcom-

"stealth" aircraft would help discourage by heat-sensitive satellites more difficult. ing its target and probably long after it an attack. But the U.S. cannot be sure Much of the plane is composed of has released its bombs. that the B-2 will be able to slip past carbon fiber materials that are as strong as The B-2 Stealth Bomber is a clear enemy radar. However, with the amazing steel but reflect radar signals very poorly. illustration of the capabilities of modem innovations in the aircraft's design, the The structure itself actually absorbs radar science. As a result of this technology, Air Force boasts that stealth planes are waves rather than reflecting them. conventional strategies of both aerial com- very difficult to detect and nearly impossi- Moreover, the surface is coated with a bat and nuclear assault have become obso- ble to track. special paint that does not absorb radar lete. The major innovation behind the B-2 is its lowered RCS (Radar Cross Section) By Lorenzo Smith factor. The RCS factor is a measurement of how much an object reflects radar sig- RADAR CROSS SECTIONS nals. The more large flat surfaces and cor- The factor is dependent on shape and ners an object has, the greater the RCS RCS construction, not on actual size factor is. For instance, a semi truck and The RCS factors of various trailer would have an RCS factor of about bodies are shown here. 250 square meters. The original B-1 and o newer B-IB have RCS factors of 10 and B-52 40 square meters

1 square meters respectively. Considering the conventional shapes of these aircraft, these RCS factors are relatively good. To furthur decrease the RCS factor, it is necessary to omit as many radar "anten- B-IB 0.4 square meters nas" such as propellers, vertical stabiliz- ers, and abrupt angles as possible. This explains the radical shape of the B-2. With no vertical stabilizers and minimal abrupt edges, the B-2 is reported to have an RCS factor of less than one millionth Jumbo jet 100 square meters Stealth aircraft 0.01 square meters of a square meter. To compensate for the lack of vertical Drawing by Brian Switzer stabilizers, spoilers at the back of the air- craft are used for steering. By causing drag they give directional control. The education

Undergraduate Research At UIUC

There is no doubt that a great deal of a few students returned infonnation sum- example, a professor might be investigat- engineering research is carried out at the marizing their levels of experience. It also ing the use of computers to analyze stress University of llhnois at Urbana- seems a professor needing research assis- in bridges and may wish to hire structural

Champaign. The question is, however, tants prefers students from his own class. and civil engineering students. When it what opportunities do undergraduate stu- This system has the advantage that a stu- opens, the Beckman Institute will also dents have to get involved in such re- dent is already familiar with the professor, provide many additional opportunities for setirch? Most professors feel that freshmen his interests, and the way he likes things smdents to gain research experience. and sophomores usually lack the experi- done. Although it allows for increased Another important avenue for students ence necessary to actively participate in communication between a professor and to gain worthwhile experience is Coopera- such an activity: therefore, usually only his research assistants, it often prevents tive Education. A saident in this program juniors and seniors are invited to partici- students in other curricula from taking can begin working for a major company pate in projects. Students need the proper part in research outside their specific field after completing his freshman year. Once background knowledge (i.e. the necessary' of concentration. enrolled in this program, his work and courses) to be able to make a significant study schedules are "spliced" together so contribution to a theoretical investigation. Last year. Dean Hunt sent letters to he can continue to gain work experience Undergraduate research provides invalu- the heads of over 300 research projects to without neglecting his college curriculum. able experience that can broaden a stu- ascertain the level of interest in a ser\'ice This program has what some may per- dent's perspective on the infrastructure of that, if implemented, would serve to cen- ceive to be a major drawback; it requires engineering. Also, companies look favor- tralize research-related employment. Eigh- an additional year to graduate. However, ably upon prospective employees with re- ty percent of the respondents stated that one must consider that at the end of those sumes citing co-authorship of a published they would request only students of junior five years, he has already gained over a scientific report. level or beyond, thirty-two percent would year of work experience and has been

request only seniors, and three percent paid for it. In this program, study and Professor Clausing of the Mechanical only graduate students. Forty percent of work experience complement each other Engineering department remarked that in the respondents expected to hire non- and thus allow a student to gain a much order for the United States to be able to engineers, and the same number stated the more thorough understanding of theory sucessfully compete with such engineering service was not necessary. Dean Hunt and its applications. Students are constant- superpowers as West Germany, where an concluded that since the response toward 1>' reminded that they must make their re- engineer generally takes no fewer than six the service was only lukewarm, it would sumes stand out if they wish to have good years of higher education, undergraduates not provide a major service to professors, jobs when they graduate. Cooperative must be strongly encouraged to consider who are routinely deluged with requests education will certainly catch the eye of a graduate school. He further asserted that from their own sUidents willing to take company official looking though a large although undergraduate research is an ex- part in their research. Because the system stack of applications. cellent vehicle to that end, too few sui- would not be useful to the vast majority dents pursue a higher degree. of students. Hunt felt it unecessary to im- The National Science Foundation has plement his proposal. a program giving grants to professors hir-

Currently, there is no centralized sys- ing undergraduates. This at first seems an tem to assist students in finding positions Both University-operated laboratories excellent incentive for increasing under- for which they have the necessary training and independent organizations conduct re- graduate involvement in research. Many and experience. Last year, Donnell R. search on campus. Included in Dean professors feel, however, that the paper-

Hunt, Assistant Dean of Engineering and Hunt's inquiries were groups ,iuch as the work involved is simply too stifling. Ev-

Director of Cooperative Education, initi- Computer Based Education Research Lab, ery' aspect of a student's duties, as well as ated a pilot program to consolidate in- the Coordinated Science Lab, and the formation on available positions. The re- National Center for Supercomputing Ap- (continued on next page) sponse was far from overwhelming; only plications, all of which often hire universi- ty students. These laboratories are more involved with multi-faceted research. For )

a uwtine evaluation of his performance, The amount of credit given depends niusl he thoroughly diKumented. "Most on the approximate number of hours the professors just iiren't willing to put up student spends on his project each week. with the red tape,'" remarked Dean Hunt. The final decision, however, is reached

The physics department is one of the de- by the professor along with the student. partments actively t;iking advantage of Tlirough reguhir verbal contact and prog- these grants. Dean Hunt would like to in- ress reports, the professor can track the crease awareness of Engineering 110, a student's work. The rest is completely up zero-credit course that officially recog- to the student. nizes participation in a research project on a student's transcript. For the past few years. Professor Richard E. Klein, who teaches Dynamic A different appn)ach to gaining under- Systems in Mechanical Engineering 240, graduate research experience is to do an has used his class as a forum for investi- independent research project. Again, gating the fundamentals of bicycle func- underclassmen usually lack the experience tion, a field that has surprisingly not been and knowledge to ciury out such a study. well explored. He and his students have In most cases, seniors take on such an en- already dismissed several long-standing deavor. theories pertaining to bicycle operation. For example, many scientists thought a The various college departments at the bicycle stays upright because of the gyros-

University have budgeted amounts of copic effects of wheel rotation. By placing Pictured is student Mark Kaufrnan with his research money to be used for research. Once the counter-rotating wheels of identical mass project. student has obtained the support of a pro- on experimental bicycles. Klein and his fessor, he must usually create a budgeted students canceled those effects, but the While enrolled in Professor Klein's list of necessary materials. This requisition bicycles were no less rideable. Other areas class last year, Paul Kudma. currently a must then be submitted to the college for explored ranged from rear-wheel steering senior in Mechanical Engineering, con- consideration. If approved, the student to a naive (completely vertical) front fork. ceived the idea of a radio-controlled bicy- will be allowed to incorporate the re- cle. He was inspired by an old radio- quested items into his research project in The budget for the project was S600, controlled toy motorcycle. It was steered any manner he sees fit. immense compared to a usual budget of by shifting the front wheel assembly either

S20 or S30. Kudma initally worked with to the left or right. If moved to the left, The student interested in working in- Link Brandon, who did much of the tech- the center of mass of the motorcycle dependently must obtain the backing of a nical assembly. The first prototypes did shifted to the right, causing the moment professor willing to supervise his work not perform well because the steering due to gravity to increase to the right. As and lend him assistance if necessary. mechanism was imprecise and too slow. a result, the motorcycle leaned and aimed Often, a research topic is found in the As they continued to experiment and right. Simihirly, shifting the assembly to classroom. After the completion of a class modify the basic design, many of the ini- the right caused the motorcycle to turn

project, the student may wish to continue tial faults were worked out. Precision and left. Kudma wondered if he could adapt his research independently. If so. he can speed were achieved through the use of a the principle of this technique to a larger-

get credit by enrolling in an independent high-speed, high-torque steering motor scale working model. He concluded that it study. Such courses are offered in almost and a chain-driven steering mechanism, as was possible and suggested his idea to all departments. opposed to the shaft drive employed in Professor Klein, who showed much in-

earlier prototypes. In its present form, the terest and told Kudma to proceed with the bicycle functions quite well. Kudma and project. his current partner, Mark Kaufmiin, also hope to incorpwrate proportional steering (continued on page 1 1 into the prototype.

Photography by Dan Powers

10 up close

(continued from page 10)

treatment. Although it stiirted as a class project, with water and wastewater in the majority of work on the bicycle was More recently, he has been interested disinfec- done as part of an independent research virucidal chemicals used in the project. Kudma and Kaufman are enrolled tion of water and wastewater. Professor Engelbrecht has in ME 293, a blanket course which allows Since 1979, them to receive credit for their work and been director of the Advanced Environ- Cen- also gives their project official recognition mental Control Technology Research of I on their transcripts. ter (AECTRC), a multi-disciplinary U research effort studying the technology of They meet with Professor Klein for separation of contaminants from air and approximately one hour each week to dis- water. AECTRC is one of eight Centers cuss the status of the project. In addition, of Excellence funded by the Environmen- Klein requests a one page typewritten tal Protection Agency (EPA). He is cur- progress report every one or two weeks. rently involved with the National Research These reports include documentation of Council in advising the U.S. Geological work accomplished, experimental results, Survey on the possibility of mounting a plans for future modification, and a gener- national water quality assessment al overview of the project's status. When Dr. R.S. Englebrecht first program. took a position here in 1954, his advisor He was president of the 35,000 mem-

Such a project and the duties it en- at the Massachusetts Institute of Technolo- ber Water Pollution Control Federation in tails—experimentation, theoretical work, gy told him that the U of I would be a 1978. From 1980 to 1986 he served an field work, and compilation of technical good place to start his career but "he unprecedented three consecutive terms as reports-give the student invaluable experi- probably wouldn't want to stay there more president of the International Association ence for which companies are grateful. than a couple of years." Thirty- four years on Water Pollution Research and Control.

Whether done independently or as part of later. Professor Englebrecht is still enthu- Professor Englebrecht has also served a team, undergraduate research provides a siastically teaching and pursuing environ- on numerous committees, commissions worthwhile experience that will comple- mental engineering in a department that and boards of the national government as ment a student's understanding of theore- he has helped build into one of the most well as professional societies, including

tical principles, demonstrate the problems respected of its kind in the nation. the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation of putting theory into practice, give the Bom and raised in Indiana, Professor Commission (Chairman from 1980 to student a feeling for the level or responsi- Englebrecht received his A.B. in micro- 1982) and the Water Science and Tech- bility required of him in the job market, biology at Indiana University in 1948, nology Board of the National Research and instill a hunger for knowledge that where he remained for one year of gradu- Council fi-om 1982 to 1986. He has will remain with him for the rest of his ate work. He went on to M.I.T. in 1950. served as a consultant to the EPA, the Hfe. As a research assistant there, he was World Health Organization and the associated with one of the first federally National Science Foundation. funded research projects in sanitary en- His many achievements were recog- By A.J. Singh gineering ever to be awarded to a U.S. nized in 1976 when he was elected to university. The project included a study of membership in the National Academy of the activated sludge wastewater treatment Engineering. In 1987 he was appointed process. the first Ivan Racheff Professorship in En- After obtaining his Sc.D. in Sanitary vironmental Engineering. Science from M.I.T. in 1954, Professor Professor Englebrecht and his wife

Englebrecht took a position at the U of I, Mary live in Urbana. They have two sons where he has remained ever since. Over and four grandchildren. When time per- the years, he has taught many graduate mits, he enjoys reading historical biog- and undergraduate environmental en- raphies and playing an occasional game of gineering courses. above-par golf with his sons. At the same time, he has managed to make great research contributions to his By Bradley Maurer field. His early work at the U of I dealt with microbiological problems associated SUNDSTRAND We're a leading supplier of technology-based electronic and mechanical aerospace components. A Fortune 500 company with over a billion dollars in annual sales. An engineering and manufacturing firm with a reputation for quality design and quality products.

We're looking for dedicated engineering graduates with a solid education and a proven desire to perform. We're searching for those select individuals with the ability to contribute to the success of a winning team. Whether you're interested in research, design, project, testing, or manufacturing engineering, we're interested in you.

In addition to our openings for graduating engineers, we have a highly successful cooperative education program for engineering students. Professor Ronald Adrian has been a WE WILL BE ON CAMPUS SOON! professor of fluid mechanics at the Uni- See your appropriate college placement office for further versity of Illinois since 1972. Raised in information or to arrange an interview during our Minnesota, Adrian received his under- campus visit. graduate and masters degrees from the An Equal Opportunity University of Minnesota for Mechanical Employer Engineering. He then received a Churchill Sundstrand Advanced Technology Group scholarship to attend university in Cam- bridge, England, where he studied in the Cavendish lab in the Physics department. There he had a chance to study with some of the foremost fluid dynamicists of that These needs led Professor Adrian to pur- organized structures. These simulations re- time. Initially intending to stay only one sue research in both areas. One of his cur- quire a vast amount of super computer year at Cambridge and then return to Min- rent projects is developing a new type of time, even for the simplest turbulent nesota, he instead remained in England to instrument which will be able to measure flows. receive his PhD. velocity vectors simultaneously at about Professor Adrian is also active in

In 1972 Professor Adrian came to the ten thousand points in the flow. This many organizations. He is on the Board University' of Illinois and continued his re- means the structure of the flow patterns of Directors of the Laser Institute of search into the structure of airbulence. His can be seen and associated with the be- America. He is also a member of The major objective is to understand the orga- havior of the flow. He also believes these American Society of Mechanical En- nized motions in turbulent flow fields that new experimental techniques will have ap- gineers, The American Physical Society, characterize various types of turbulent plications in other areas of fluid dyna- The American Optical Society and The flows. These organized motions are ran- mics. Another aspect of his research in- American Institute of Aeronautics and dom but are repctetive enough and occur volves the use of results from direct Astronautics. frequently enough that one can still numerical simulations of time dependent, observe trends. In order to study these three-dimensional turbulence to study 4 organized motions two things are needed. By Todd Veltman

The first is a method of looking at three dimensional velocity fields or temperature fields, and the second is methods of statis- tically extracting these organized motions from the chaotic ones.

12 Reflections on Leadership

After more than 100 years of successful equcd opportunity to excel. In an individual, it means operation, Anheuser-Busch has a clear understanding never giving less than your best to any endeavor. of the qualities of leadership. As a result, we look Team spirit also characterizes a leader. It is the ability for the Scime attributes in employees that we foster to acknowledge the contributions of all and the in our corporate culture. willingness to work toward a common end.

First and foremost, a leader requires vision. The If you share these characteristics with us, we vision to expand from a popular brewery to an would like to know more about you. We are especially international diversified corporation, and the vision interested in recent graduates or experienced to see the career advantages offered by such a professionals in the fields of Project, Electrical, corporation. A leader also needs determination. The Industricil or Chemical Engineering, Food Science, determination to continually ensure product quality, Auditing and Finance. Send your resume and cover and the determination to set and reach career goals. letter to: Manager, College Relations; ANHEUSER-

Integrity is another trait of leadership. In a BUSCH COMPANIES, INC.; Dept. IL89; P.O. Box 28767; corporation it means providing all employees with St. Louis, MO 63146. Equal Opportunity Employer M/F.

ANHEUSER-BUSCH COMPANIES Mary mue doesnt rest until every part is perject.

.ary Blue expects a lot ftom herself. A software engineer at GE Aircraft Engines, she helps develop new manufacturing methods for the engine parts that power commercial and military aircraft.

Quality is her absolute top priority. Mary also expects a lot from the company she works for. As a member of GE's Manufacturing Management Program, she's found the environment that lets her achieve, and excel. Her support system includes CAD/GAM, robotics, new materials, and all the leading-edge technologies. Plus interaction with the best minds in her field. Talented engineers like Mary Blue are handed real responsibility on high priority projects from the day they join GE. Which is why only the most demanding, self- motivated people can be selected. Behind the truly successful engineer, there's a standout company. i

The mark ofa leader

An equal opportunity employer.