Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas Plant List
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The 1700 Native Plants of Bucks County, PA
The 1700 Native Plants of Bucks County, PA Bucks County, PA is blessed with an enormous range of physiographic regions, soil types, and hydrological conditions. Habitats range from the diabase areas of the Upper Bucks to the coastal plains of Lower Bucks, high palisades of the Delaware River to bog remnants, pristine freshwater ponds to tidal areas. These varied conditions host a dizzying array of species, sub‐species, and naturally‐occurring varieties. Common species are regularly available from ArcheWild; many can be grown under contract. Call ArcheWild at 855‐752‐6862 or e‐mail us for more information at: [email protected] Symbol Scientific Name Common Name ACGR2 Acalypha gracilens slender threeseed mercury ACRH Acalypha rhomboidea common threeseed mercury ACVI Acalypha virginica Virginia threeseed mercury ACNE2 Acer negundo boxelder ACNEN Acer negundo var. negundo boxelder ACPE Acer pensylvanicum striped maple ACRU Acer rubrum red maple ACRUR Acer rubrum var. rubrum red maple ACRUT Acer rubrum var. trilobum red maple ACSA2 Acer saccharinum silver maple ACSA3 Acer saccharum sugar maple ACSAS Acer saccharum var. saccharum sugar maple ACSP2 Acer spicatum mountain maple ACMI2 Achillea millefolium common yarrow ACPA Actaea pachypoda white baneberry ACRA7 Actaea racemosa black baneberry ACRAR Actaea racemosa var. racemosa black bugbane ADPE Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair ADFU Adlumia fungosa allegheny vine AEFL Aesculus flava yellow buckeye AGAU3 Agalinis auriculata earleaf false foxglove AGPU5 Agalinis purpurea purple false foxglove -
Eupatorium Leucolepis (DC.) T
New England Plant Conservation Program Eupatorium leucolepis (DC.) T. & G. var. novae-angliae Fern. New England Boneset Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Ted Elliman Ecological Consultant Slingerlands, New York For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Through a cooperative agreement with Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program and Manomet, Inc. Approved, Regional Advisory Council, December 2001 1 SUMMARY Eupatorium leucolepis (DC.) T. & G. var. novae-angliae Fern., New England boneset (Asteraceae), is endemic to the coastal plain region of southeastern Massachusetts and southern Rhode Island. New England boneset is classified as a Regionally Rare taxon (Division 2) in Flora Conservanda. The taxon has 16 current occurrences, ten of which are in Massachusetts and six in Rhode Island. Two Massachusetts populations documented in the early twentieth century have been extirpated. The ten existing Massachusetts populations are located in Plymouth County (nine occurrences) and in Barnstable County (one occurrence). The Rhode Island populations are located in Washington County (five occurrences) and in Newport County (one occurrence). New England boneset flowers lack pollen and are male-sterile. Plants reproduce vegetatively from stolons and through the asexual production of viable seeds and embryos in a process known as agamospermy ("without gametes"). In spite of the absence of pollen, a variety of insects visit the flowers, which are in peak bloom in August. New England boneset fruits are dispersed by wind in the fall. The habitat for all of the New England boneset occurrences except for one Rhode Island site is sandy coastal plain pond shores. -
The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants
medicines Review The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants William N. Setzer 1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 2 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA Received: 25 October 2018; Accepted: 8 November 2018; Published: 12 November 2018 Abstract: Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines. Keywords: Cherokee; Native American; traditional herbal medicine; chemical constituents; pharmacology 1. Introduction Natural products have been an important source of medicinal agents throughout history and modern medicine continues to rely on traditional knowledge for treatment of human maladies [1]. Traditional medicines such as Traditional Chinese Medicine [2], Ayurvedic [3], and medicinal plants from Latin America [4] have proven to be rich resources of biologically active compounds and potential new drugs. -
Floristic Quality Assessment Report
FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al. -
Complete Iowa Plant Species List
!PLANTCO FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE: IOWA DATABASE This list has been modified from it's origional version which can be found on the following website: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~herbarium/Cofcons.xls IA CofC SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PHYSIOGNOMY W Wet 9 Abies balsamea Balsam fir TREE FACW * ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI Buttonweed A-FORB 4 FACU- 4 Acalypha gracilens Slender three-seeded mercury A-FORB 5 UPL 3 Acalypha ostryifolia Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 5 UPL 6 Acalypha rhomboidea Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 3 FACU 0 Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 3 FACU * ACER GINNALA Amur maple TREE 5 UPL 0 Acer negundo Box elder TREE -2 FACW- 5 Acer nigrum Black maple TREE 5 UPL * Acer rubrum Red maple TREE 0 FAC 1 Acer saccharinum Silver maple TREE -3 FACW 5 Acer saccharum Sugar maple TREE 3 FACU 10 Acer spicatum Mountain maple TREE FACU* 0 Achillea millefolium lanulosa Western yarrow P-FORB 3 FACU 10 Aconitum noveboracense Northern wild monkshood P-FORB 8 Acorus calamus Sweetflag P-FORB -5 OBL 7 Actaea pachypoda White baneberry P-FORB 5 UPL 7 Actaea rubra Red baneberry P-FORB 5 UPL 7 Adiantum pedatum Northern maidenhair fern FERN 1 FAC- * ADLUMIA FUNGOSA Allegheny vine B-FORB 5 UPL 10 Adoxa moschatellina Moschatel P-FORB 0 FAC * AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Goat grass A-GRASS 5 UPL 4 Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye TREE -1 FAC+ * AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM Horse chestnut TREE 5 UPL 10 Agalinis aspera Rough false foxglove A-FORB 5 UPL 10 Agalinis gattingeri Round-stemmed false foxglove A-FORB 5 UPL 8 Agalinis paupercula False foxglove -
Conservation Assessment for White Adder's Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda)
Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald Photo: Kenneth J. Sytsma USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region April 2003 Jan Schultz 2727 N Lincoln Road Escanaba, MI 49829 906-786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald. This is an administrative study only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation for this document and subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact: Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service, Threatened and Endangered Species Program, 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................3 -
Worksheet-2B.Pdf
WHAT’S SO IMPORTANT ABOUT NAMES? Topics Covered: Classificaon and taxonomy Understanding the importance of Linnaeus’s contribuon to science Making and using keys What’s in a name? Giving something a name allows us to talk about it. Names are important not only for people, but also for the plants we culvate in our gardens. In the early days of botany (the 17th and early 18th centuries) plants were given long Lan phrases for names that described their parcular features. As more plants became known, names tended to become longer, and much more difficult to remember and use. Then, in the 18th century, a Swedish biologist named Carl Linnaeus developed and popularised a two‐name (binomial) system for all plant species—GENUS and SPECIES. His system is sll in use today. A useful definion GENUS: A group of organisms SPECIES: that have certain characteriscs in of a species is a group of organisms common but can be divided further which can interbreed to produce into other groups (i.e. into species) ferle offspring Binomial names The use of only two words (the binomial name) made it much easier to categorise and compare different plants and animals. Imagine, for instance, talking about a type of geranium using the old name: Geranium pedunculis bifloris, caule dichotomo erecto, foliis quinquepars incisis; summis sessilibus The binomial name is much easier to use: Geranium maculatum 1 WHAT’S SO IMPORTANT ABOUT NAMES? Who was Carl Linnaeus? Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) was born and brought up in and around Råshult, in the countryside of southern Sweden. -
Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments Contributors: Printing was made possible through the generous funding from Adkins Arboretum; Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management; Chesapeake Bay Trust; Irvine Natural Science Center; Maryland Native Plant Society; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland-DC Chapter; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Cape May Plant Materials Center; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Reviewers: species included in this guide were reviewed by the following authorities regarding native range, appropriateness for use in individual states, and availability in the nursery trade: Rodney Bartgis, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Ashton Berdine, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Chris Firestone, Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Chris Frye, State Botanist, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Mike Hollins, Sylva Native Nursery & Seed Co. William A. McAvoy, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Mary Pat Rowan, Landscape Architect, Maryland Native Plant Society. Rod Simmons, Maryland Native Plant Society. Alison Sterling, Wildlife Resources Section, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Troy Weldy, Associate Botanist, New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Graphic Design and Layout: Laurie Hewitt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Special thanks to: Volunteer Carole Jelich; Christopher F. Miller, Regional Plant Materials Specialist, Natural Resource Conservation Service; and R. Harrison Weigand, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Division for assistance throughout this project. -
Insight Into the Secondary Metabolites of Geum Urbanum L. and Geum Rivale L
plants Article Insight into the Secondary Metabolites of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. Seeds (Rosaceae) Marek Bunse 1,2, Peter Lorenz 1 , Florian C. Stintzing 1 and Dietmar R. Kammerer 1,* 1 Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstr. 1, DE-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (P.L.); [email protected] (F.C.S.) 2 Department of Plant Systems Biology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstraße 30, DE-70599 Stuttgart, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The present study aimed at the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and further characteristic substances in the seeds of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. For this purpose, individual components of extracts recovered with MeOH, CH2Cl2, and by cold- pressing, respectively, were characterized by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn and GC/MS and compared with reference compounds. For both Geum species, phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives, and triterpenes, such as saponins and their aglycones, were detected. Surprisingly, both Geum species revealed the presence of derivatives of the triterpenoid aglycons asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which were characterized for the first time in the genus Geum. Furthermore, the fatty acids of both species were characterized by GC–MS after derivatization. Both species showed a promising fatty-acid profile in terms of nutritional properties because of high proportions of unsat- urated fatty acids. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were most abundant, among other compounds Citation: Bunse, M.; Lorenz, P.; such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. -
Eupatorium Perfoliatum L.: Phytochemical Characterization and Functional in Vitro Investigations – Antiinflammatory, Antiprotozoal and Antiviral Activities
Mareike Maas, Summary Eupatorium perfoliatum L.: Phytochemical characterization and functional in vitro investigations – Antiinflammatory, antiprotozoal and antiviral activities doctoral thesis, submitted in 2011 Boneset or thoroughwort ( Eupatorium perfoliatum L.) is a medicinal herb from North America with a well documented traditional use for the treatment of fever, influenza, malaria, and rheumatoidal diseases. The current German Homeopathic Pharmacopoia (2010) contains a monograph about Eupatorium perfoliatum which is the basis for the application as homeopathic remedy. In this work the phytochemical composition of different extracts of dried aerial parts of E. perfoliatum was characterized thoroughly. The cytotoxic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory, anti-plasmodial and antiviral activities of different extracts as well as of isolated compounds were examined by in vitro -experiments. The essential oil (1.8 mL/kg), obtained by steam distillation, contained E-Anethol und Carvon as main constituents. From the 70 % methanolic extract eight caffeic acid derivatives ( KD1 to KD8 ) as well as five flavonoid glycosides ( FG1 to FG5 ) were identified (s. Table 1). The dicaffeoylglucaric acid derivatives KD3 , KD5 , and KD6 represent natural products not described until now, belonging to an unusual class of compounds (depsides of hydroxy cinnamic acids with hexaric acids). These derivatives were shown to accumulate in the flowers of E. perfoliatum . From the dichloromethane extract seven sesquiterpene lactones ( SL1 to SL7 ) were obtained including six newly described natural products. The free carboxylic acid in SL1 and the unique mode of linkage in SL3 represent novel structure elements of sesquiterpene lactones. Additionally, four flavonoid aglycons ( FA1 to FA4 ) were isolated from the dichloromethane extract. FA2 was shown to be the major compound of the epicuticular fractions obtained from leave surface washes with chloroform. -
Comparative Flowering Ecology of Fraxinus Excelsior, Acer
Comparative flowering ecology of Fraxinus excelsior, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus and Tilia cordata in the canopy of Leipzig’s floodplain forest Der Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazie und Psychologie der Universität Leipzig eingereichte D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Diplom Biologe Ophir Tal geboren am 24.7.1972 in Tel Aviv, Israel Leipzig, den 22.6.06. 1 To Shira 3 Abstract How do gender separation and the transition to wind pollination happen in temperate trees? What does the reproductive ecology in the crowns of temperate forest trees look like? These connected questions intrigued researchers before and since Darwin but it is only in the last years that a direct study of the latter question has been enabled. A research crane was used to study the flowering ecology of Fraxinus excelsior, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus and Tilia cordata in Leipzig’s floodplain forest. These species originate from hermaphrodite insect pollinated plant families and exhibit different grades of gender separation and different stages between insect and wind pollination. As they are typical elements of temperate deciduous forests, an ecological comparison of their flowering ecology may shed new light on the evolution of gender separation and wind pollination in this habitat. Using the crane, gender distribution, flowering phenology in relation to microclimate, pollination levels (including pollen tubes in the styles) and fruit set were studied in ca. 200 trees over 2-4 years. Main results are a new appreciation of the sexual system of Fraxinus excelsior as dioecy, of Tilia cordata as andromonoecy and a detailed description of the intricacies of the heterodichogamous sexual system of Acer pseudoplatanus. -
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Loci in Geum Urbanum (Rosaceae) and Their Transferability Within the Genus Geum
Molecular Ecology Notes (2004) 4, 209 –212 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00619.x PRIMERBlackwell Publishing, Ltd. NOTE Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) and their transferability within the genus Geum P. ARENS,* W. DURKA,† J. H. WERNKE-LENTING* and M. J. M. SMULDERS* *Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, PO Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands, †UFZ-Environmental Research Centre Leipzig-Halle GmbH, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, D-06110 Halle, Germany Abstract Thirteen novel polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented for Geum urbanum (Rosaceae). The microsatellites will be useful tools to analyse the influence of landscape structure and land-use intensity in agricultural landscapes on genetic diversity within and among popu- lations of Geum urbanum. Transferability was tested in 19 other Geum species and two Waldsteinia species. In most species polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the expected range were obtained, therefore the markers reported here appear to be applicable across the whole genus. Keywords: fragmentation, Geum urbanum, landscape structure, microsatellite, population genetics Received 20 November 2003; revision received 16 January 2004; accepted 16 January 2004 Wood Avens (Geum urbanum L.) is a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) with the following modifications: genomic DNA of G. member of the Rosaceae, native to the Eurasian Temperate urbanum was digested with RsaI, AluI, MboI or TaqI and Zone. The species has a preferentially autogamous breeding size-fractionated using agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA system due to autodeposition of pollen (Taylor 1997). fragments between 300 and 1000 bp were recovered by Therefore, gene flow among sites will depend mainly on electro-elution, enriched by hybridization to synthetic seed dispersal.