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Governance, Mobility and Citizen Engagement Governance Processes in the Transport Sector in the Republic of Guinea

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Governance, Mobility and Citizen Engagement Governance Processes in the Transport Sector in the Republic of Guinea DEGREE PROJECT IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND URBAN MANAGEMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Governance, mobility and citizen engagement Governance Processes in the Transport Sector in the Republic of Guinea CHRISTELLE FERMANIAN KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 7 2 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 10 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 14 3.1 The importance of the transport sector in the development of Guinea ........ 15 3.2 The colonization and the disengagement of Western countries with the end of the cold war ....................................................................................................... 17 3.3 The implication of China in the development of African countries ................ 18 3.4 Governance processes and the failure of governance processes in Guinea, and alternative processes to face them ................................................................. 20 3.4.1 Governance processes ............................................................................. 20 3.4.2 The failure governance processes in Guinea ............................................ 20 3.4.3 Alternative planning processes based on the involvement of citizens ...... 21 3.4.4 Justice in planning and governance processes ........................................ 22 4 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 24 4.1 A comparative case study approach ............................................................ 24 4.2 Two methods to collect primary and secondary data ................................... 25 4.2.1 Desk based study ...................................................................................... 25 4.2.2 Semi-structured interviews ........................................................................ 26 4.3 Reliability of the methodology ...................................................................... 29 5 CASES STUDIES .................................................................................................. 31 5.1 Case study n°1: the Conakry Express .......................................................... 31 5.2 Case study n°2: the Conakry-Kindia line ...................................................... 33 6 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 36 6.1 Result n°1: The development of the transport sector is important and essential in Guinea’s economy .............................................................................. 37 6.1.1 The mining sector and the importance of the transport sector .................. 37 6.1.2 The agricultural sector and the importance of the transport sector ........... 39 6.2 Result n°2: Many local actors are involved in the transport sector of Guinea, and they face different issues ................................................................................ 40 6.2.1 The numerous local actors involved in the transport sector of Guinea ..... 40 6.2.2 Issues faced by the numerous local actors in this transport sector ........... 41 6.3 Result n°3: International actors create opportunities and threats for the country in terms of social and economic development .......................................... 42 6.4 Result n°4: International actors, private actors and the state must be coordinated in terms of financing transport projects .............................................. 44 6.4.1 The prioritization process .......................................................................... 44 6.4.2 The development of Investment Plan ........................................................ 45 6.4.3 Improvement of the current legislative framework .................................... 46 6.5 Result n°5: Studies and processes of prioritization of projects must involve the citizens ............................................................................................................. 47 7 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 49 8 APPENDIX: INTERVIEWS .................................................................................... 51 8.1 Questions ..................................................................................................... 51 8.1.1 Questions’ themes for the users’ group: ................................................... 52 8.1.2 Questions’ themes for the actors’ group ................................................... 52 8.2 The users’ group .......................................................................................... 53 8.2.1 Mathieu’s interview .................................................................................... 53 8.2.2 Alice’s interview ......................................................................................... 54 8.2.3 David’s interview ....................................................................................... 58 8.2.4 Madeleine’s interview ................................................................................ 59 8.2.5 Ines’ interview ........................................................................................... 60 8.3 The actors’ interviews ................................................................................... 62 8.3.1 Roberto’s interview .................................................................................... 62 9 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 63 2 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Guinean Road Network (SOFRECO, 2019) ........................................... 11 Figure 2: Links between Literature Review Themes and Research Questions ..... 15 Figure 3: Interviews' map (Google maps) .............................................................. 27 Figure 4: Structure of the interviews ...................................................................... 27 Figure 5: The interviews - Summary ...................................................................... 29 Figure 6: The Conakry Express (ConakryInfos, 2017) .......................................... 31 Figure 7: The Conakry Express (Google maps) .................................................... 32 Figure 8: Kindia Station (Kankan Radio, 2019) ..................................................... 33 Figure 9: Conakry-Kindia line (Google maps) ........................................................ 34 Figure 10: Links between Results, Literature Review Themes and Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 37 Figure 11: Bauxite and gold deposits in Guinea (Guinea Minier Symposium, 2018) ............................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 12: Car with a driver ................................................................................... 55 Figure 13: Car with militaries ................................................................................. 55 Figure 14: Car with a driver ................................................................................... 56 Figure 15: Car with transport of goods on the roof ................................................ 56 Figure 16: A break during the journey on a paved road ........................................ 57 Figure 17: An unpaved road .................................................................................. 57 Figure 18: A man trying to cross a flooded road during the rainy season ............. 58 Figure 19: A car with the inscription “n’oublie pas ta maman” ............................... 60 Figure 20: A car in the dust .................................................................................... 61 Figure 21: A car with the driver and luggage on the roof ....................................... 61 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all I would like to thank Andrew Karvonen who was my supervisor throughout this master thesis and helped me to define my subject and structure my thinking. Thank you for your advice and positivism, which motivated me and convinced me to give my best to this project. Thanks also to Théo Audigier, from SOFRECO company where I work, who supervised me during my internship and helped me discover the issues behind transport infrastructure development in African countries. I would also like to thank all the SOFRECO teams, especially the Transport, Energy and Infrastructure department, who welcomed me in this company and allowed me to work in parallel on this research project. I would like to thank all the KTH supervising staff, my teachers and fellow students of the EESIA Master's degree with whom I had the chance to spend a year and who taught me that becoming an engineer could be done with the aim of creating a sustainable and equitable world. Thanks also to Karolina Isaksson who accepted to evaluate my master thesis, and to Johanna Abrahamsson who will be my opponent. Thank you to all the people who participated in this research project by agreeing to be interviewed, to discuss the themes addressed, to read my thesis and to advise me on all aspects. 4 ABSTRACT Governance
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