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(PA-BAT) in Montenegro REPORT ADRIA 2017 Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro 1 CONTENT 4 WHO WE ARE / WHAT WE WANT TO ACHIEVE Lake © Piva Nature Park Trnovačko INTRODUCTION 5 METHODOLOGY 5 RESULTS AND DICUSSION 6 TOURISM 12 WATER RESOURCES IN PA 15 Publisher: WWF Adria, Budmanijeva 5, 17 10000 Zagreb, Honey PRODUCTION AND WILD FOOD Croatia Responsible person: JOBS IN PAs 20 Martin Šolar, Director of WWF Adria Authors: 21 Goran Sekulić, Flow OF BENEFITS Kasandra-Zorica Ivanić, Deni Porej Participation IN PA management 27 Photography on the front page: Durmitor © Matti Bernitz CHALLENGES 28 Design: Sandro Drinovac Contact: Recommendations FOR USING [email protected] 31 THE PA-BAT results [email protected] Recommendations FOR ADDRESSING Special thanks to Parks Dinarides- network 34 of protected areas in Dinarides for providing IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES information and support during report writing Printed on environmentally friendly paper CONCLUSION 39 May, 2017 2 Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro 3 Who we are Introduction WWF is presenting key findings of an analysis that provides information and guidance on how various stakeholders perceive the current and potential WWF is one of the world’s leading non-governmental and non-profit value of protected areas. Based on discussions which involved around 50 organizations for nature conservation. WWF’s mission is to stop the experts, government officers, entrepreneurs, farmers and local community degradation of our planet’s natural environment, and to build a future in representatives, these results reflect the actual situation, challenges, and which people live in harmony with nature. WWF was established in 1961 opportunities facing local communities. They can be applied in various fields and has representative offices in over 100 countries across the globe. The and in various areas; including assisting Montenegro in integrating natural organization is proud to have over five million people who support it. capital and ecosystem services into development planning as a part of the EU integration process. We believe that proper evaluation of protected areas WWF Adria’s aim is to contribute to conservation, better governance leads to greater interest, more investments, and better preservation of natural and sustainable management of protected areas, marine and freshwater values. We hope that this report can stimulate discussion and provide the ecosystems, and forests; as well as supporting broad involvement of foundation for further actions and engagement of key decision makers. This civil society organizations (CSOs) in natural resource management and can result in changes in policies and the development of economic models sustainable development in the Adria–Dinaric region. that include natural values in local and national development plans. CURRENT PAs The protected area (PA) system in Montenegro is relatively well developed COVER AROUND and has a long tradition. Current PAs cover around 125.000 ha or 9,05 percent What we want to achieve 1 125.000 ha of the country’s territory . A benefit assessment, according to the PA-BAT methodology, was done in all five national parks: Biogradska gora, Durmitor, Natural capital is used sustainably and forms a basis for social and OR 9,05 Skadar Lake, Lovćen, and Prokletije. economic development. Natural capital is also protected through enhanced PERCENT OF environmental responsibility by the public, governments, CSOs and the Representatives of the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism, private sector. THE country’S the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Environmental territory Agency of the Republic of Montenegro, as well as management bodies and stakeholders of the five PAs, were involved in the assessment. How will this document contribute to our goal WWF brings to the region a wide range of the best international and Methodology regional practices that can be locally applied, based on our in-depth knowledge and experience of local conditions and needs. The PA-BAT methodology2 is an important tool used to identify a full range of current and potential benefits of individual PAs, and management challenges. The PA-BAT is designed to be used by protected area managers to identify important values and benefits that protected areas bring to a range of Why you need to read this document stakeholders. This analysis identifies the main drivers relevant for protected area devel- Steps in implementing the PA-BAT: opment, as well as the country’s development policies. It identifies the flow 1. Nomination of the PA-BAT coordinators in protected area and basic PA of economic benefits and the need to develop strategies to channel revenue data collection back to local people and protected areas. It also highlights the importance of 2. Site-based participatory workshops (datasheets, detailed notes, stakeholder jobs in protected areas – which are vital for rural economies and relevant for survey) politicians. 3. Data validation (post-workshop) 1 The Fifth National Report to the United nations Convention on Biological Diversity https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/me/me-nr-05-en.pdf 2 More could be found at http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?174401/PABAT 4 Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro 5 5. Data analysis (site-based, national and international level) 6. Production of guidance notes - how to apply results TOURISM & RECREATION 32 20 7. Implementation of recommendations NATURE CONSERVATION 31 14 Using this methodology, workshop participants assess economic and non- economic/subsistence values for a range of stakeholders. The tool uses a list CULTURAL & HISTORICAL VALUES 29 17 of 22 values that are characteristic for protected areas. Values are organized 27 around nine main groups: nature conservation, protected area management, SPECIFIC SITE VALUE food, water, culture, health and recreation, knowledge, environmental services, BUILDING KNOWLEDGE/RESEARCH 24 and materials. 1 EDUCATION 23 Values are scored on a six-point scale: no benefit; minor or major non- 4 economic/subsistence benefit; minor or major economic benefit; and potential 21 economic benefit. WATER QUALITY & QUANTITY 6 15 PA values were assessed for eight stakeholder groups: FISHING 12 MEDICINAL HERBS 12 • Local people living in the PA 2 • Local people living near the PA HUNTING 12 • National population 6 • Scientists/experts 11 POLLINATION & HONEY PRODUCTION • Civil society organizations 6 • Government (local, national, PA management) 10 LIVESTOCK GRAZING • Private sector 7 • Global community 10 TRADITIONAL agriculture 8 The analysis combines the assessments made by workshop stakeholders, mainly WILD FOOD PLANTS AND MUSHROOMS 10 local residents, and information collected from PA managers and experts 11 through a data validation process. We also received valuable input through a WOOD 8 workshop participant survey carried out after each workshop. Guidance notes3 were developed to support park management in utilizing the PA-BAT findings. COMMERCIAL & NON-COMMERCIAL 8 water USE 7 The PA-BAT results can be used at national as well as site levels to support 8 management and to develop appropriate policies that ensure nature JOBS IN PROTECTED AREAS 8 conservation while promoting sustainable development and the wise use of 7 natural resources Climate CHANGE mitigation 6 GENETIC material 2 4 Results and discussion SOIL stabiliZation 3 Nature materials 4 In general, assessments of PA benefits in Montenegro show that stakeholders widely recognize the importance of protected areas and the benefits they 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 provide for local economies and communities. Protected areas are not only about nature conservation; they also play a significant role in development Figure 1. Comparison of economic and non-economic NUMBER OF ANSWERS PER STAKEHOLDER GROUPS benefits of five Montenegrin national parks assessed by 3 http://croatia.panda.org/en/what_we_do/protected_areas/pa4np/pa_bat_methodology/ different stakeholder groups Non-economic value Economic value 6 Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro Protected Areas Benefit Assessment (PA-BAT) in Montenegro 7 agendas. This is relevant for PA managers, who should use and encourage by different stakeholder groups. The economic value of water resources is the support of local stakeholders, and improve management practices to mainly recognized by businesses and the governmental sector. Montenegro enable wise use of natural values. belongs to the group of water-rich countries and water resources represent one of the main areas for development of the country7. Stakeholders in Montenegro recognized a wide array of values in PAs. The most recognized values according to all stakeholder groups are: tourism and 5. Benefits linked with provisioning ecosystem services are well recognized. recreation; protected nature and jobs related to protected areas management; These resources are traditionally used by local stakeholders, and they cultural and historical values; research and education; water quantity Water significantly support their livelihoods in both subsistence and economic and quality; traditional food (agriculture, livestock grazing, fishing); and RESOURCES ways. The stakeholder groups that are most interested in these values are different provisioning services (wild food plants, mushrooms, medicinal locals
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