Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 129 Third International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICSPS 2017) Existence of Alkhairaat on Central Politics: Opportunity of Alhairat friendly political parties

Nurhidayat Mohammad Ishak Departement of Governmental Studies, Universitaas Yogyakarta, [email protected]

Agustiyara Department of Public Administration, KhonKaen University KhonKaen, Thailand [email protected]

Abstract— This article aims to examine the dynamics of The domicile of Alkhairaat is in , . The political Islam especially the existence of Alkhairaat’s politic in chairman, Seggaf Aljufri, said: Central Sulawesi. It is chosen due to an increasing influence of Alkhairat as a great organization. The performance and At this time the best son of Central Sulawesi is only organizational strength of Alkhairat as a friendly political party Rusdi Mastura, if Cudy is not winning, Alkhairaat will may give the hints of the future trajectory of political Islam in be embarrassed. For me, being lost or win is the second Central Sulawesi. In 2015, the gubernatorial election of Central thing. The most important thing is assertiveness, to tell Sulawesi shows that Alkhairaat supported one governor truths. It needs the leader that cares about society and can candidate openly. This direct involvement was never seen resolve the problem in the area, and I see Cudy can do it. previously on the political attention. Interest became a significant determinant of it. However, these organizations were approached This support became a good news for Rusdi Mastura that by the local politicians to gain the sympathy of the people. The would participate in the election, which means this significant emergence of Muslim groups has aroused an expansion of influence of Alkhairaat gave a lot of voters to Cudy. The political influence that attracted broad attention from the large support that was provided by Alkhairaat to Cudy came Muslim population. It leads to multiple ties and interactions that involved many people. Even though the organizations are getting without a particular reason. Hence, it becomes interesting for more acknowledgment, a wide variety of ‘translocal’ are the researchers to analyze this phenomenon. How could a big challenging political imaginary of Muslim politics. This research organization like Alkhairaat give its support to Cudy openly? uses the qualitative approach that presents an analysis using the It is the first time for Alkhairaat to do so. So, the researchers theory of Patronage and Clientelism. Based on these findings, the are also interested in finding out the opportunities obtained by research further discusses and applies the opportunity of Alkhairaat after giving support to one of Central Sulawesi Alkhairat to build a good relationship with political parties as Governor and Vice Governor candidates. well as the implications of the case study on this research. II. LITERATURE AND THEORY Keywords –Patronage and clientelism, local politics, political opportunity Some research examines the role of Alkhairat in Central Sulawesi such as Sulaiman [1]; Godal [2] Rasyid, L. I. INTRODUCTION A [3] in “The Role of Alkhairaat in the Socio-cultural As a country that embraces the principle of democracy, Changes,” and Syamsuri [4] in research about political Indonesia guarantees the freedom of every individual or group communication. Different from the previous research, this in determining their political choice through the study tries to find out the different side of Alkhairaat to implementation of elections both at the national and regional explain its involvement in Central Sulawesi politics. levels. In every election, the support from individuals and This study uses the theory of Patronage and Clientelism groups to one particular candidate has become a natural thing. to answer the research questions. According to Shefter in Similarly, in the gubernatorial election of Central Sulawesi, Sukmajati [5], patronage is defined as a profit sharing among something rare happened during the history of provincial level politicians to distribute something individually to electors, election in Central Sulawesi. One of the big Islamic workers or activists of the campaign, to get support from them organizations in Indonesia, especially in the eastern part of (Sukmajati, 2015) [5]. Patronage is the giving of cash, goods, Indonesia named Alkhairaat, through its chairman showed the services and other economic advantages (such as the support to one of the Central Sulawesi Governor Candidate, employment or contract of the project). They are distributed Rusdi Mastura (familiarly called by people in Palu as Cudy). by politicians, including the profit given to individuals (for

Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 50 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 129 instance, envelopes containing cash) and to a group or member of Alkhairat organization in local government. We community (for example, a new soccer field for youth in the analyzed the collected data by using the theories of Patronage village). Patronage can be in the form of cash or goods that are and Clientelism. given to voters who come from the personal fund of the As the research is required to answer the research politician (for example, in polling) or from the public fund (for questions, the qualitative research approach can directly go to example, pork barrel projects financed by the Government). In the object that will be examined to get clear answers. his book “The politics of money in Indonesia, the Patronage of Qualitative research methods are used to examine the the National Legislative Clientelism in 2014” Edward and conditions of natural objects, in which the researcher is a key Mada (2015) [6] elaborates the relationship between patronage of an instrument. This study combines the data analysis and and clientelism as follows, patronage refers to the material or the results of the qualitative research that emphasized to the profit distributed by politicians to voters or supporters. In significance of generalization [9]. (Sugiyono, 2007) contrast, the clientelism relates to the character of the relationship between politicians and the supporters. The The qualitative research method is a method that aims to definition of clientelism contains three things. First, the understand the phenomenon that is experienced by the subject contingency or reciprocity; the awarding of goods or services of the research, for examples, behavior, perceptions, from one party (the patron or client) is a direct response to the motivations, actions, holistically, and by means of the granting of the advantages of the other side. Second, description. They can be in the form of words and language, in hierarchical; there is an emphasis on the relationship between a particular natural context by utilizing a variety of natural the unbalanced powers of the patron with the client. Third, methods. aspects of repetition; clientelistic exchange takes place continuously. IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On the other side, it relates to the influence of the local A. Opportunity of Alkhairaat after the 2015 local election in political act. As a concept, the meaning of political influence term of building good relationship with the politicians can be explained as follows: In the regional election on 9th of December 2015, there Political influence is the ability of private individuals were two candidates for the gubernatorial election; they were and groups to influence, condition, shape, and thereby Rusdy Mastura and Ikhwan Datu Adam. During the election, a control the sound decisions and actions of those who reputable organization expressed its support to one of the possess the formal-legal authority to take these candidates. Alkhairaat provided support to Cudy with no one decisions and actions. Such individuals and groups knowing the reason behind this support. Based on the exercise significant influence over particular policy interview, a respondent mentioned, “his support to Cudy is decisions made by particular government offices and because he didn’t agree with the other candidates, he talked as institutions. These individuals and groups have the chairman of Alkhairaat” (Habib, 2017) [10]. Moreover, it acquired and are exercising that form of political power was considered based on the situation that Sudarto was serving called "political influence [7]. (Way, 2012) as the legislative member and he felt disappointed and Floyd Hunter and Frederich Cark (2008) [8] explain that betrayed by the candidate that he had chosen in the past. power is the way of understanding the subject matter and its Indirectly, the person would change his position as the head of particular influence. Sometimes the influence has a legislative and then replaced by the person who is not Muslim. psychological factor that can touch the heart of those who are A supporting statement for Cudy was stated by the influenced, so it often can influence people successfully. chairman of Alkhairaat in issuing an Edict (Maklumat) that However, the influence is usually the only factor that affects contained support to the candidate of Cudy and Ikhwan. He the actions of people. asked Alkhairaat followers to choose the candidate in the election of 2015. The political campaigns were also combined into the celebration of Islamic New Year. Besides, the III. RESEARCH METHOD campaign was attended by thousands of Alkhairaat and main This research mainly utilizes the qualitative method to boards of the organization. Ummar Assegaf stated that analyze the condition of Alkhairaat after supporting a “supporting the candidate was natural and purely for the candidate on the 2015 local election by seeing what benefits certain peoples” (2016) [11]. Moreover, the situation opportunities Alkhairaat can get by giving their political showed that a democratic system is common if a mass support. The research tries to look at (1) the opportunity organization gave support to the candidate in the election. received by Alkhairaat after the 2015 election in terms of the Meanwhile, it was an unusual phenomenon if Alkhairaat relationship with the political actor, (2) the dynamics and supported the candidate of the governor in term of the existence of Alkhairaat in the local election, (3) the election. explanation on the influence of Alkhairaat to the politician in the election. Data is classified into primary and secondary Besides, Alkhairaat has essential roles to be involved in the data. The primary data is collected by in-depth interview with election. It might influence the existence of the organization if the stakeholders related to this research, especially the the candidate was elected in the election. Some reasons for Alkhairaat to give their support to Cudy was because his

51 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 129 performance as the mayor of Palu City has brought benefits to V. DISCUSSION them. Such as establishing Islamic tourism in Alkhairaat areas, The existence of Alkhairaat has changed the Islamic establishing the name of Alkhairaat founder as the name of the situation among the people of Central Sulawesi. The other local airports in Palu and as well as priority distribution of the Islamic organizations such as (NU) and local budget from the government for Alkhairaat operational Muhammadiyah have a strong influence on education and budgeting. It is beneficial to any Islamic centre and sociality. Nevertheless, Alkhairaat has a powerful influence in operational activities. However, there might one particular the society, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. reason behind the group’s open support to the politician. A significant influence becomes an intense fascination. It It should be noted that the support that had been given by frequently becomes attractive for those who get support from this organization was based on consensus during the the great organization. In this case, the norm that emerged as organization’s national meeting (Rapat Kerja Nasional, strong fascination happened simultaneously in the regional Rakernas) and the decision was also announced to all election. The potential sources when the elections occur when members and main board of the organization. many politicians come and approach an influential organization. It was the way how Central Sulawesi provincial B. The Dynamics Existence of Alkhairaat in the Central government under Longki leadership showed to the Central Sulawesi Local Election Sulawesi societies that Alkhairaat makes government become The support given by Alkhairaat to Cudy through edict more attractive to the influential organization. proves the existence Alkhairaat’s political constellation in Lukman also explained that the support by Alkhairaat was Central Sulawesi. When Alkhairaat declared to provide a spirit for Cudy, remembering that Cudy’s only had three support to Cudy, many people considered that was an unusual months to prepare himself for the election. Another reason is phenomenon. It is because previously, Alkhairaat had never also intended to make the political situation became more given support to the politicians openly in the election. The democratic. There were no other candidates previously to existence of Alkhairaat makes politician want to be closer to oppose incumbent candidate, Longki Djangola. According to support them. Unfortunately, it does not show up to the public. Lukman, this thing was becoming a political study for the people on how the democracy’s situation was formed by the Alkhairaat, as a prominent organization in Central Sulawesi, has a significant influence on people around the chairman of Alkhairaat. However, its many aspects should be area. The influence of Alkhairaat can be seen by many considered in measuring the condition of this phenomenon, such as the possibility to get support in winning the local contributions and assets of Alkhairaat in education, da'wa, and social activities. The number of Alkhairaat assets now is more election. than hundred thousand assets. They consist of 1585 Then it can be convinced that the closeness between those Madrasahs, 88 Boarding Schools, 1 University, 1 Hospital, 1 two sides will be intertwined continuously. If he was elected News Paper and 2 Radio Stations. Numbers of assets owned to be the Central Sulawesi governor, the concerns that Cudy by Alkhairaat caused a financing problems. According to has done would be continued. In other words, the supports that Lukman (2016) [12], every year Alkhairaat spend 600-800 will be provided to Alkhairaat will be continued. It could be million rupiahs to finance all their activities. However, the every year that Alkhairaat will get the funds allocation cost is not sufficient to fund all of them. regularly from the Central Sulawesi government. It was Currently, Alkhairaat requires about 1.9 billion rupiahs to pointed out that Alkhairaat will have a chance to get support finance all their activities (Lukman, 2016) [12]. To cover it, after the local leaders’ election if Cudy became the Central Sulawesi governor. every year Alkhairaat get operational fund from Palu Government for about 500 million rupiahs. The fund was VI. CONCLUSION given by Palu Government when Cudy acts the Mayor of Palu in periods 2005-2010 and 2010-2015. Based on the explanation above, the existence of Alkahairaat in Central Sulawesi politics become strongly The support from Cudy to Alkhairaat was really helpful influence and fascination to the politicians for those who will for the continuity of Alkhairaat activities. If Palu government get support in the election. This phenomenon may cause the could not provide the fund for Alkhairaat, they will experience internal problem which makes the organization involved in the around 950 million deficit every year (Lukman, 2016) [12]. political practice. Regarding democracy system, it is very Operational costs support supplied by Palu Government usual for individual or groups to support politicians openly. during Cudy period made Alkhairaat feel that Cudy has a high However, it can be unusual when the organization previously respect to Alkhairaat. It lead to a closeness between Cudy and did not involve the political practice but suddenly, give Alkhairaat which is triggered by Cudy respects to Alkhairaat. support to the politician and both take advantages from that. Therefore, Alkhairaat gave support to Cudy openly. As a big organization that has many contributions to the According to Lukman (2016) [12], Cudy’s consideration to societies, what Alkhairaat did is reasonable. Based on what Alkhairaat makes Alkhairaat feel grateful for it. Considering Alkhairaat did to Central Sulawesi societies, government that Cudy is not a person having a background related to or should appropriately pay attention to help them. graduated from Alkhairaat.

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