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The Impact of Virtualization on Modern Computing Environments

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The Impact of Virtualization on Modern Computing Environments The Impact of Virtualization on Modern Computing Environments Mendel Rosenblum 1 Talk Outline • The Problem: Computers work poorly – Operating Systems get blamed • Virtualization: A level of indirection – Use data center hardware more efficiently – Help improve operating systems • Software distribution and service delivery models 2 2 Modern Computer Environments App1 App2 App3 Apps: Oracle, SAP, Microsoft, ... OS: Microsoft, Linux, … Operating System • Manage hardware • Export better abstractions Hardware: IBM, HP, Dell, .... 3 3 Operating System Market Dynamics • Chicken & egg problem: – Need applications to get users – Need users for applications and drivers • Incentive: Try to be everything to everybody • Results: – Bloated – Unreliable – Insecure – High management cost – Barrier to innovation 4 4 Problem: Failure to multiplex hardware • Common: One service/user per computer – Encoded in best practices • Modular design, security, Windows NT – More services equals more computers • Moore’s law effect: – Cheaper computer – More idle time per computer • Result: Highly inefficient computing 5 5 Virtualization – A level of indirection Application Operating System Operating System Virtualization Compatibility and High Performance 6 6 Virtualization layer attributes • Tractable complexity Application – Interface & Implementation Operating System • Strong Isolation Operating System – High reliability & Virtualization Security • Innovation possible – The Game Multiplex 7 7 Server Consolidation Hypervisor Hypervisor 8 8 Add Live Virtual Machine Migration Hypervisor Hypervisor 9 9 Add Distributed Resource Scheduling Optimize – Utilization – Power – Service Level Agreements Hypervisor Hypervisor CPU MEM CPU MEM 10 10 Data center wide virtualization layer Same Logical View HypervisorVirtualization LayerHypervisor Hardware Pool 11 11 Treat Hardware as a Pool of Resources Virtualization Layer 12 12 Effect of Virtualization on Data Center • Much higher hardware utilization – Scheduler tries to drive utilization up to 100% • Saves much power – Dynamic placement is superior to static • A data center wide distributed system – A foothold for innovation – What more can we do? Monitor software 13 13 Automatic Restart on failures Virtualization Layer 14 14 Site Disaster Recovery Virtualization Layer Virtualization Layer 15 15 Add Record/Replay to the virtualization • Record – Input to the virtual machine – Asynchronous external events (e.g. interrupts) • Relatively compact encoding • Enable logging and replay of execution 16 16 PRIMARY SECONDARY 17 17 Mask Hardware Failures Virtualization Layer 18 18 Discussion • Compelling for enterprise data centers – Less so for HPC and portable devices • Functionality versus assurance – Hopefully we learned from our mistakes • Software runs the same in VMs – Crappy software is still crappy 19 19 Virtualization Impact on Software Virtualization has done a few things: • Monitor and report software behavior • Treat VM images as first class objects – Version control, etc. • Some security enhancements 20 20 Package Software Deployment – Procure hardware App – Install operating App Patches system Patch – Install OS patches Network OS and remove Configuration OS Patches services – Install application – Install application patches – Apply configuration 21 21 Virtual Appliances App App Patches Virtual Appliance OS Configuration Configuration OS Patches 22 22 Virtual Appliances for software deployment Virtual Virtualization Layer Appliance 23 23 Virtual Appliances vs. Package Software • Virtual appliance advantages: – No more user assembly – Better security • Virtual appliances issues: – Difficult to integrate multiple appliances – Heavy weight – Different software licensing model 24 24 Virtual Appliance Operating System Don’t need complex hardware management Application Application Don’t need broad application support Operating System Application-specific operating system Application Support Look at hardware appliance operating VirtualizationHardware Mgmt. Layer systems for examples 25 25 OSes for Virtual Appliances • OS selected by application developer – Criteria: • Match needs of application • Reliability, security, etc. • License fees • Likely features of a virtual appliance OS – Highly customizable – Support appliance infrastructure • Opportunity for new OSes 26 26 Roles in software service delivery • Computing Hardware • Software Development • Software Configuration • Management/maintenance • Users 27 27 Two Extremes: Package Software & SaaS • Package Software – Example: Windows + Exchange + Outlook – Users does all except software development • Software as a Service (SaaS) – Example: Gmail – All roles (hardware, software, management) except users done by service provider • Virtualization lets us access other points in the space 28 28 Cloud Computing with Virtualization ForCRM user, model supports Emaildifferent: Web •Virtual Appliance builder VPN Firewall•Virtual Appliance maintainer Virtualization Layer •Execution platform Cloud Data Center Virtualization Layer 29 29 Local Data Center Virtualization and Cloud Computing • Key advantage of leveraging existing software – Compatible migration vs. new paradigm – Can existing package software convert to a service? • Hardware virtualization vs. PaaS – Advantage: Ultimate software flexibility, Strong isolation – Disadvantage: Need infrastructure, Weight 30 30 Summary Level of indirection trick still works More manageable, more available, more reliable, more secure, … New options for software services Not just better hardware management 31 31.
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