Effect of Methanol Extract of Synsepalum Dulcificum Pulp on Some Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats
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Food, Food Chemistry and Gustatory Sense
Food, Food Chemistry and Gustatory Sense COOH N H María González Esguevillas MacMillan Group Meeting May 12th, 2020 Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food any nourishing substance eaten or drunk to sustain life, provide energy and promote growth any substance containing nutrients that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and body tissue country social act culture age pleasure election It is fundamental for our life Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food any nourishing substance eaten or drunk to sustain life, provide energy and promote growth any substance containing nutrients that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and body tissue OH O HO O O HO OH O O O limonin OH O O orange taste HO O O O 5-caffeoylquinic acid Coffee taste OH H iPr N O Me O O 2-decanal Capsaicinoids Coriander taste Chilli burning sensation Astray, G. EJEAFChe. 2007, 6, 1742-1763 Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food Chemistry the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods biological substances areas food processing techniques de Man, J. M. Principles of Food Chemistry 1999, Springer Science Fennema, O. R. Food Chemistry. 1985, 2nd edition New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food Chemistry the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods biological substances areas food processing techniques carbo- hydrates water minerals lipids flavors vitamins protein food enzymes colors additive Fennema, O. R. Food Chemistry. -
Cloning of a Zinc-Binding Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor in Citrus Vascular Tissue
J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 129(5):615–623. 2004. Cloning of a Zinc-binding Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor in Citrus Vascular Tissue Danielle R. Ellis1 and Kathryn C. Taylor2, 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. defense proteins, Kunitz soybean proteinase inhibitor, Citrus jambhiri ABSTRACT. A partial cDNA (cvzbp-1) was cloned based on the N-terminal sequence of a citrus (Citrus L.) vascular Zn- binding protein (CVZBP) previously isolated from vascular tissue (Taylor et al., 2002). CVZBP has homology to the Kunitz soybean proteinase inhibitor (KSPI) family. Recombinant protein produced using the cDNA clone inhibited the cysteine proteinase, papain. Metal binding capacity has not been reported for any other member of this family. CVZBP was present in leaves, stems, and roots but not seeds of all citrus species examined. However, CVZBP was present in germinating seeds after the cotyledons had turned green. Within four hrs after wounding, CVZBP was undetectable in the wounded leaf and adjacent leaves. It has been suggested that many members of the KSPI family serve a function in defense. However, the expression of the CVZBP is in direct contrast with those of KSPI members that were implicated in defense response. Though systemically regulated during wounding, we suggest that CVZBP is not a defense protein but rather may function in vascular development. Overall, the role of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) is to negatively function in the quickly expanding parenchymal tissue of this regulate proteolysis when physiologically or developmentally modifi ed stem tissue in sweet potato (Yeh et al., 1997). -
Effects of Gymnemic Acid on Sweet Taste Perception in Primates
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Chemical Senses Volume 8 Number 4 1984 Effects of gymnemic acid on sweet taste perception in primates D.Glaser, G.Hellekant1, J.N.Brouwer2 and H.van der Wei2 Anthropologisches Institut der Universitdt Zurich, CH 8001 Zurich, Switzerland, ^Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI53706, USA, and 2Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (Received July 1983; accepted December 1983) Abstract. Application of gymnemic acid (GA) on the tongue depresses the taste of sucrose in man. This effect, as indicated by electrophysiological responses, has been found to be absent in three non- human primate species. In the present behavioral study the effect of GA on taste responses in 22 primate species, with two subspecies, and 12 human subjects has been investigated. In all the non- human primates studied, including the Pongidae which are closely related to man, GA did not sup- press the response to sucrose, only in man did GA have a depressing effect. Introduction In 1847, in a communication to the Linnean Society of London, mention was made for the first time of a particular property of a plant native to India belong- ing to the Asclepiadaceae: 'A further communication, from a letter written by Mr Edgeworth, dated Banda, 30th August, 1847, was made to the meeting, reporting a remarkable effect produced by the leaves of Gymnema sylvestris R.Br. upon the sense of taste, in reference to diminishing the perception of saccharin flavours'. Further details relating to the effect of these leaves were given by Falconer (1847/48). -
Enhancing Sweetness and Stability of the Single Chain Monellin MNEI
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sweeter and stronger: enhancing sweetness and stability of the single chain monellin MNEI through Received: 08 July 2016 Accepted: 07 September 2016 molecular design Published: 23 September 2016 Serena Leone1, Andrea Pica1, Antonello Merlino1, Filomena Sannino1, Piero Andrea Temussi1,2 & Delia Picone1 Sweet proteins are a family of proteins with no structure or sequence homology, able to elicit a sweet sensation in humans through their interaction with the dimeric T1R2-T1R3 sweet receptor. In particular, monellin and its single chain derivative (MNEI) are among the sweetest proteins known to men. Starting from a careful analysis of the surface electrostatic potentials, we have designed new mutants of MNEI with enhanced sweetness. Then, we have included in the most promising variant the stabilising mutation E23Q, obtaining a construct with enhanced performances, which combines extreme sweetness to high, pH-independent, thermal stability. The resulting mutant, with a sweetness threshold of only 0.28 mg/L (25 nM) is the strongest sweetener known to date. All the new proteins have been produced and purified and the structures of the most powerful mutants have been solved by X-ray crystallography. Docking studies have then confirmed the rationale of their interaction with the human sweet receptor, hinting at a previously unpredicted role of plasticity in said interaction. Sweet proteins are a family of structurally unrelated proteins that can elicit a sweet sensation in humans. To date, eight sweet and sweet taste-modifying proteins have been identified: monellin1, thaumatin2, brazzein3, pentadin4, mabinlin5, miraculin6, neoculin7 and lysozyme8. With the sole exception of lysozyme, all sweet proteins have been purified from plants, but, besides this common feature, they share no structure or sequence homology9. -
Native Indigenous Tree Species Show Recalcitrance to in Vitro Culture
Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences ISSN 2375-4214 (Print), 2375-4222 (Online) Vol. 2, No. 1; June 2015 Native Indigenous Tree Species Show Recalcitrance to in Vitro Culture Auroomooga P. Y. Yogananda Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan Faculty of Agriculture University of Mauritius Jhumka Zayd Forestry Service Ministry of Agro-Industry (Mauritius) Abstract The status of the Mauritian forest is alarming with deforestation and invasive alien species deeply affecting the indigenous flora. Therefore, major conservation strategies are needed to save the remaining endemic tree species. Explants form three endemic tree species Elaeocarpus bojeri, Foetidia mauritiana and Sideroxylon grandiflorum were grown under in vitro conditions. These species are rareand Elaeocarpus bojeri has been classified as critically endangered. Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used as growth promoters in order to stimulate seed germination, callus induction. Half strength Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media supplemented with coconut water, activated charocoal and phytagel were used as growth media. Hormone levels of TDZ were 0.3mg/l and 0.6mg/l while BAP level was at 1mg/l. Germination rate for E.bojeri was low (5%) with TDZ 0.3mg/l. Sideroxylon grandiflorum seeds showed no response to in vitro culture, while F mauritiana showed successful callus induction with TDZ 0.6mg/l and 0.3mg/l. Keywords: Elaeocarpus bojeri, Foetidia mauritiana, Sideroxylon grandiflorum, in vitro culture, TDZ, BAP 1.0 Introduction The increase in population size, island development and sugarcane cultivation led to drastic deforestation that reduced the native forest to less than 2%. Mauritius has the most endangered terrestrial flora in the world according to the IUCN (Ministry of Environment & Sustainable Development (MoESD), 2011). -
Crystal Structure of Crataeva Tapia Bark Protein (Cratabl) and Its Effect in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Crystal Structure of Crataeva tapia Bark Protein (CrataBL) and Its Effect in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Rodrigo da Silva Ferreira1., Dongwen Zhou2., Joana Gasperazzo Ferreira1, Mariana Cristina Cabral Silva1, Rosemeire Aparecida Silva-Lucca3, Reinhard Mentele4,5, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero1, Thiago Carlos Bertolin6, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia7, Patrı´cia Maria Guedes Paiva7, Alla Gustchina2, Alexander Wlodawer2*, Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva1* 1 Departamento de Bioquı´mica, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 2 Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Centro de Engenharias e Cieˆncias Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana´, Toledo, Parana´, Brazil, 4 Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology LMU, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Munich, Germany, 5 Department for Protein Analytics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Munich, Germany, 6 Departamento de Biofı´sica, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 7 Departamento de Bioquı´mica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Abstract A protein isolated from the bark of Crataeva tapia (CrataBL) is both a Kunitz-type plant protease inhibitor and a lectin. We have determined the amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of CrataBL, as well as characterized its selected biochemical and biological properties. We found two different isoforms of CrataBL isolated from the original source, differing in positions 31 (Pro/Leu); 92 (Ser/Leu); 93 (Ile/Thr); 95 (Arg/Gly) and 97 (Leu/Ser). CrataBL showed relatively weak inhibitory activity against trypsin (Kiapp =43 mM) and was more potent against Factor Xa (Kiapp = 8.6 mM), but was not active against a number of other proteases. -
Edible Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes
Landscape May 2006 L-14 Edible Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes Melvin Wong Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences ost people love to grow plants that have edible The kukui tree (Fig. 5a, b, c) is a hardy tree that will Mparts. The choice of which plants to grow depends add greenish-white to the landscape. upon an individual’s taste, so selecting plants for a land Other less common but attractive plants with edible scape is usually a personal decision. This publication parts include sapodilla, ‘Tahitian’ breadfruit, ‘Kau’ mac gives a broad overview of the subject to provide a basis adamia, mangosteen, orange, lemon, lime, kumquat, ja for selecting edible plants for Hawai‘i landscapes. boticaba, surinam cherry, tea, coffee, cacao, clove, bay The list of fruits, vegetables, and plants with edible rum, bay leaf, cinnamon, vanilla, noni, pikake, rose, parts is extensive, but many of these plants do not make variegated red Spanish pineapple, rosemary, lavender, good landscape plants. For example, mango, litchi, lon ornamental pepper, society garlic, nasturtium, calabash gan, and durian trees are popular because of their fruits, gourd, ung tsoi, sweetpotato, land cress, Tahitian taro, but they are too large to make good landscape trees for and edible hibiscus. most urban residential situations. However, they can be Sapodilla (Fig. 6a, b, c) is a compact tree with sweet, and often are planted on large houselots, particularly in edible fruits. ‘Tahitian’ breadfruit (Fig. 7) is a compact rural areas, and in circumstances where landscape de tree that is not as large and spreading as the common sign aesthetics are not of paramount importance. -
Easy Growing Instructions for the Miracle Berry Plant Synsepalum Dulcificum “Miracle Fruit” (Sin-SEP-Ah-Lum)
141 North Street Danielson, CT 06239 Toll Free: (888) 330-8038 FAX: (888) 774-9932 www.logees.com Easy Growing Instructions for the Miracle Berry Plant Synsepalum dulcificum “Miracle Fruit” (sin-SEP-ah-lum) This exciting plant from Tropical West Africa known as the Miracle Berry or Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is a slow growing shrub that, once mature, produces fruit intermittently throughout the year. The miracle is in the berry. After you’ve eaten the small gumdrop sized berry, everything sour afterwards turns sweet. A mature plant will flower and fruit year-round. Once the plant reaches two feet in height it will produce fruit. More fruit tends to set in the summer time. When the fruit is ripe, the berries turn red. Ripe berries will hold onto the bush for several weeks. Hand pollination ensures that fruit will be produced. Pollinate by shaking the leave back and forth or by rubbing your hands through the branches when the plant is in flower. How to Care for Your Miracle Plant Light- Keep in a full-to-partially sunlit window. The more sun, the better. Water- Keep evenly moist, using a non-chlorinated water or, if the water is chlorinated, let it stand for 24 hours. Excessive dryness will kill or damage the plant. Do not allow to dry out. The greatest cause of losing the plant is that the roots dry out. Be especially attentive to watering, especially under high heat. We recently found a self-watering globe that will keep this plant evenly moist (new in our Fall 2007 catalogue). -
Aminobutyric Acid Priming Acquisition and Defense Response of Mango Fruit to Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Infection Based on Quantitative Proteomics
Article β-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Acquisition and Defense Response of Mango Fruit to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Infection Based on Quantitative Proteomics Taotao Li 1, Panhui Fan 2, Ze Yun 1 , Guoxiang Jiang 1, Zhengke Zhang 1,2,* and Yueming Jiang 1 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2 College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 August 2019; Accepted: 2 September 2019; Published: 4 September 2019 Abstract: β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a new environmentally friendly agent to induce disease resistance by priming of defense in plants. However, molecular mechanisms underlying BABA-induced priming defense are not fully understood. Here, comprehensive analysis of priming mechanism of BABA-induced resistance was investigated based on mango-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides interaction system using iTRAQ-based proteome approach. Results showed that BABA treatments effectively inhibited the expansion of anthracnose caused by C. gleosporioides in mango fruit. Proteomic results revealed that stronger response to pathogen in BABA-primed mango fruit after C. gleosporioides inoculation might be attributed to differentially accumulated proteins involved in secondary metabolism, defense signaling and response, transcriptional regulation, protein post-translational modification, etc. Additionally, we testified the involvement of non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsLTP) in the priming acquisition at early priming stage and memory in BABA-primed mango fruit. Meanwhile, spring effect was found in the primed mango fruit, indicated by inhibition of defense-related proteins at priming phase but stronger activation of defense response when exposure to pathogen compared with non-primed fruit. -
The Primary Structure of Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteinases from Potato
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Volume 333, number 1,2, 15-20 FEBS 13125 October 1993 0 1993 Federation of European Biochemical Societies 00145793/93/%6.00 The primary structure of inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from potato I. Kriiaj*, M. DrobniE-KoSorok, J. Brzin, R. Jerala, V. Turk Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Joief Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 61111 Ljubljana, Slovenia Received 26 July 1993; revised version received 3 September 1993 The complete amino acid sequence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor from potato tubers was determined. The inhibitor is a single-chain protein having 180 amino acid residues. Its primary structure was elucidated by automatic degradation of the intact protein and sequence analysis of peptides generated by CNBr, trypsin and glycyl endopeptidase. A search through the protein sequence database showed homology to other plant proteinase inhibitors of different specificities and non-inhibitory proteins of M, around 20,000. On the basis of sequence homology, prediction of secondary structure and fold compatibility, based on a 3DlD score to the threedimensional profile of Erythrina caffra trypsin inhibitor, we suggest that the potato cysteine proteinase inhibitor belongs to the superfamily of proteins that have the same pattern of three-dimensional structure as soybean trypsin inhibitor. This superfamily would therefore include proteins that inhibit three different classes of proteinases - serine, cysteine and aspartic proteinases. Cysteine proteinase inhibitor; Amino acid sequence; Solunum tuberown; Soybean trypsin inhibitor superfamily 1. INTRODUCTION ized as a potent inhibitor of lysosomal proteinase cathepsin L with a Ki 0.07 nM [9]. -
Modeling to Understand Plant Protein Structure-Function Relationships—Implications for Seed Storage Proteins
molecules Review Modeling to Understand Plant Protein Structure-Function Relationships—Implications for Seed Storage Proteins 1,2, 1, 2 1, Faiza Rasheed y, Joel Markgren y , Mikael Hedenqvist and Eva Johansson * 1 Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; [email protected] (F.R.); [email protected] (J.M.) 2 School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE–100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 2 January 2020; Accepted: 14 February 2020; Published: 17 February 2020 Abstract: Proteins are among the most important molecules on Earth. Their structure and aggregation behavior are key to their functionality in living organisms and in protein-rich products. Innovations, such as increased computer size and power, together with novel simulation tools have improved our understanding of protein structure-function relationships. This review focuses on various proteins present in plants and modeling tools that can be applied to better understand protein structures and their relationship to functionality, with particular emphasis on plant storage proteins. Modeling of plant proteins is increasing, but less than 9% of deposits in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank come from plant proteins. Although, similar tools are applied as in other proteins, modeling of plant proteins is lagging behind and innovative methods are rarely used. Molecular dynamics and molecular docking are commonly used to evaluate differences in forms or mutants, and the impact on functionality. -
A Biobrick Compatible Strategy for Genetic Modification of Plants Boyle Et Al
A BioBrick compatible strategy for genetic modification of plants Boyle et al. Boyle et al. Journal of Biological Engineering 2012, 6:8 http://www.jbioleng.org/content/6/1/8 Boyle et al. Journal of Biological Engineering 2012, 6:8 http://www.jbioleng.org/content/6/1/8 METHODOLOGY Open Access A BioBrick compatible strategy for genetic modification of plants Patrick M Boyle1†, Devin R Burrill1†, Mara C Inniss1†, Christina M Agapakis1,7†, Aaron Deardon2, Jonathan G DeWerd2, Michael A Gedeon2, Jacqueline Y Quinn2, Morgan L Paull2, Anugraha M Raman2, Mark R Theilmann2, Lu Wang2, Julia C Winn2, Oliver Medvedik3, Kurt Schellenberg4, Karmella A Haynes1,8, Alain Viel3, Tamara J Brenner3, George M Church5,6, Jagesh V Shah1* and Pamela A Silver1,5* Abstract Background: Plant biotechnology can be leveraged to produce food, fuel, medicine, and materials. Standardized methods advocated by the synthetic biology community can accelerate the plant design cycle, ultimately making plant engineering more widely accessible to bioengineers who can contribute diverse creative input to the design process. Results: This paper presents work done largely by undergraduate students participating in the 2010 International Genetically Engineered Machines (iGEM) competition. Described here is a framework for engineering the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with standardized, BioBrick compatible vectors and parts available through the Registry of Standard Biological Parts (www.partsregistry.org). This system was used to engineer a proof-of-concept plant that exogenously expresses the taste-inverting protein miraculin. Conclusions: Our work is intended to encourage future iGEM teams and other synthetic biologists to use plants as a genetic chassis.