DOCSLIB.ORG

Parámetros Poblacionales Y Aportes Para La

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Parámetros Poblacionales Y Aportes Para La PARÁMETROS POBLACIONALES Y APORTES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO HELICONIUS KLUK, 1780 EN HÁBITATS DE DIFERENTE GRADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA NICOL MAGALY RUEDA MUÑOZ UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA 2015 PARÁMETROS POBLACIONALES Y APORTES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO HELICONIUS (KLUK, 1780) EN HÁBITATS DE DIFERENTE GRADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA NICOL MAGALY RUEDA MUÑOZ Tesis de grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ciencias-Biología Director: M. GONZALO ANDRADE C. Profesor Asociado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Codirector: ANDRE VICTOR LUCCI FREITAS Ph. D. Universidad de Campinas Línea de Investigación: Biodiversidad y Conservación UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA 2015 I Agradecimientos En primer lugar a Dios y a la vida que han abierto los espacios para que mis sueños cada día se hagan realidad. A mis Padres y Hermanos por su apoyo incondicional en el desarrollo de este proceso educativo. Muchas gracias por estar presentes de cuerpo y corazón en todos los momentos de mi vida. A la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales y al Departamento de Biología por los espacios y tiempos brindados para el desarrollo de este trabajo. Al Profesor Miguel Gonzalo Andrade por su apoyo, por lo aportes oportunos a este trabajo, por sus innumerables enseñanzas y por el tiempo brindado y compartido. Al Profesor André Lucci Freitas por sus valiosos aportes, por la invitación a su país y Universidad, donde aprendi más de lo necesario para el desarrollo de esta tesis. Muchas gracias por palabras siempre llenas de aliento. A la Secretaria de Educación del Distrito quienes me brindaron una Comisión de estudios remunerada que permitio el desarrollo de la salida de campo de este trabajo. A Fernando Trujillo quién en representación de la Fundación Omacha me brindo todo el apoyo logistico para el desarrollo de la salida de campo en el Municipio de Puerto Nariño - Amazonas. A Carlos Pinto y Graciela Gutierrez quienes en representación de la Empresa Mariposas del Amazonas me brindarón no solo el apoyo logístico en el Municipio de Leticia – Amazonas, sino que también abrieron su hogar para hacerme sentir como en casa durante todo el desarrollo de la salida de campo. A la Profesora Amalia Ramiréz por su invaluable ayuda en todos los sentidos durante mi permanencia en el Amazonas. Gracias por brindarme una casa y una amistad llena de interesantes charlas y momentos de alegría. A Don José Becerra, mi auxiliar de campo en el Municipio de Puerto Nariño – Amazonas, quién con su amplio conocimiento de la selva aporto significativamente al buen desarrollo de la salida de campo. Gracias por las interesantes charlas sobre la historia de las comunidades indígenas, sobre la vida y principalmente por motivarme a continuar en los días difíciles. A todos mis compañeros de la Universidad y en particular a Efraín Henao, Paola Triviño y Carlos Gantiva quienes en muchos momentos me brindaron su apoyo, su amistad e innumerables enseñanzas. II Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si el grado de conservación del hábitat en los bosques lluviosos de la Amazonia Colombiana están afectando los parámetros poblacionales de las especies del género Heliconius, esto a partir de la medición de siete parámetros poblacionales (Tamaño poblacional, Tiempo de permanencia, la estructura etaria, la distribución espacial, la dispersión, la proporción de sexos y los picos de actividad) mediante la metodología de CMR en dos sitios con grados de conservación distintos (Puerto Nariño – “Con mayor grado de Conservación” y Km 9.3 – Leticia - “Con menor grado de Conservación”). Los parámetros poblacionales fueron categorizados como “Significativamente diferentes” y “No Significativamente diferentes” entre los sitios, esto con el fin de llevar a cabo la comparación. De los siete parámetros poblacionales analizados, cuatro de ellos mostraron ser significativamente diferentes (Tamaño poblacional de la subespecie H. melpomene, tiempo de permanencia, distribución espacial y dispersión o movimiento) a favor del sitio N. 2, tres parámetros son diferentes entre los sitios pero no significativamente (Tamaño poblacional de H, numata y H. erato y estructura etaria) y dos parámetros no mostraron diferencias (proporción de sexos y los picos de actividad). Estos resultados, permiten inferir que un bosque con menor estado de conservación del hábitat afecta negativamente a la mayoría de los parámetros poblaciones de este género de mariposas y que el sitio más conservado al presentar un hábitat más continuo, con una estructura de la vegetación más homogénea y con menor presencia de problemas de fragmentación, contaminación y presencia humana constante proporciona condiciones similares de habitabilidad a las subespecies. Palabras claves: Parámetros poblacionales, Heliconius, Conservación, Amazonia. Abstract The objective of the present study is to determine if the degree of conservation of habitat in the rainforests of the Colombian Amazon are affecting the population parameters of the species of the genus Heliconius, this measurement from seven population parameters (population size, residence time, age structure, spatial distribution, vagility, sex ratio and peak activity) through CMR methodology in two places with different degrees of Conservation (Puerto nariño – “With greater degree conservation” and Km 9.3 – Leticia – “With less degree of Conservation”. Population parameters were categorized as " significantly different " and " not significantly different " between sites, this in order to carry out the comparison. Of the seven analyzed population parameters, four of which were shown to be significantly different (Population size of H. melpomene, residence time, spatial distribution and vagility or movement) for Site No. 2, three parameters are different between sites but not significantly (population size of H. numata and H. erato and age structure) and two parameters don´t showed differences (sex ratio and peak activity). These results allow us to infer that the less conserved site negatively affects most populations parameters of this kind of butterflies and that the most conserved site has a more continuous habitat, with a homogeneous structure of the vegetation and less presence of fragmentation problems, pollution and constant human presence, which provides similar living conditions to subspecies. Palabras claves: Population parameters, Heliconius, Conservation, Amazon. III Tabla de contenido Agradecimientos ............................................................................................................................. I Resumen ........................................................................................................................................ II Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II Tabla de contenido ........................................................................................................................... III Lista de figuras .................................................................................................................................. VI Lista de ilustraciones y fotografías .................................................................................................... IX Lista de tablas .................................................................................................................................... IX Introducción ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Capítulo 1: Planteamiento del proyecto ............................................................................................ 4 1.1 Problema de Investigación ................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Hipótesis ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 Objetivo general ......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos .................................................................................................. 4 2 Capítulo 2: Marco Teórico .......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 El Sur de la Amazonia Colombiana ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Ubicación .................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Clima ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Vegetación ................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Familia Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815 ............................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Subfamilia Heliconiinae Swainson, 1822.................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Biology of Heliconius and Related Genera
    Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org/aronline Ann.Rev. EntomoL 1981. 26:427-J6 Copyright@1981 by AnnualReviews Inc, All rightsreserved THE BIOLOGY OF HELICONIUS 06215 AND RELATED GENERA Keith S. Brown, Jr. Departmentode Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, UniversidadeEstadual de Carnpinas, C. P. 1170 Campinas,S~o Paulo 13.100 Brazil OVERVIEWAND PERSPECTIVES Biological studies of mimeticNeotropical butterflies in the nymphalidtribe Helieoniini have twice comefull cycle in the past 100 years. Bates’s classic writings (6, 7), reflecting observations during his lengthy stay on the Ama- zon, used these insects in a proposal of the phenomenonof mimicry and in support of Darwinian paradigms of adaptation and evolution. During the following thirty years, field biological studies of heliconians were relegated to second place behind heated arguments about "mimicry" in museum specimens; an important exception was the pioneering work of the brothers Fritz and WilhelmMiiller in southern Brazil (100-105). Most papers in this period involved taxonomic description of the seemingly endless phenotypes in the tribe. In the early 1900s, however,a synthesis of heliconiine systemat- by University of Arizona Library on 06/09/07. For personal use only. ics (119, 121) opened the way for field studies during subsequent years Kaye(87, 88), Michael(95, 96), Collenette (43), Moss(98), Beebe (in and others. Both these biological studies (primarily undertaken by Eu- Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1981.26:427-457. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org ropean visitors to the Neotropics) and the systematic work, which by then was mostly restricted to namingnew individual forms and aberrations, were interrupted in the pre-World War II period.
    [Show full text]
  • INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a Synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a Historical Sketch
    ZOOLOGÍA-TAXONOMÍA www.unal.edu.co/icn/publicaciones/caldasia.htm Caldasia 31(2):407-440. 2009 HACIA UNA SÍNTESIS DE LOS PAPILIONOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a historical sketch JOSÉ LUIS SALINAS-GUTIÉRREZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] CLAUDIO MÉNDEZ Escuela de Biología, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus Central USAC, Zona 12. Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] MERCEDES BARRIOS Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos, Avenida La Reforma 0-53, Zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] CARMEN POZO El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Apartado Postal 70-399, México D.F. 04510; México. [email protected]. Autor responsable. RESUMEN La riqueza biológica de Mesoamérica es enorme. Dentro de esta gran área geográfi ca se encuentran algunos de los ecosistemas más diversos del planeta (selvas tropicales), así como varios de los principales centros de endemismo en el mundo (bosques nublados). Países como Guatemala, en esta gran área biogeográfi ca, tiene grandes zonas de bosque húmedo tropical y bosque mesófi lo, por esta razón es muy importante para analizar la diversidad en la región. Lamentablemente, la fauna de mariposas de Guatemala es poco conocida y por lo tanto, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio y análisis de la composición y la diversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en Guatemala.
    [Show full text]
  • The Speciation History of Heliconius: Inferences from Multilocus DNA Sequence Data
    The speciation history of Heliconius: inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data by Margarita Sofia Beltrán A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London September 2004 Department of Biology University College London 1 Abstract Heliconius butterflies, which contain many intermediate stages between local varieties, geographic races, and sympatric species, provide an excellent biological model to study evolution at the species boundary. Heliconius butterflies are warningly coloured and mimetic, and it has been shown that these traits can act as a form of reproductive isolation. I present a species-level phylogeny for this group based on 3834bp of mtDNA (COI, COII, 16S) and nuclear loci (Ef1α, dpp, ap, wg). Using these data I test the geographic mode of speciation in Heliconius and whether mimicry could drive speciation. I found little evidence for allopatric speciation. There are frequent shifts in colour pattern within and between sister species which have a positive and significant correlation with species diversity; this suggests that speciation is facilitated by the evolution of novel mimetic patterns. My data is also consistent with the idea that two major innovations in Heliconius, adult pollen feeding and pupal-mating, each evolved only once. By comparing gene genealogies from mtDNA and introns from nuclear Tpi and Mpi genes, I investigate recent speciation in two sister species pairs, H. erato/H. himera and H. melpomene/H. cydno. There is highly significant discordance between genealogies of the three loci, which suggests recent speciation with ongoing gene flow. Finally, I explore the phylogenetic relationships between races of H. melpomene using an AFLP band tightly linked to the Yb colour pattern locus (which determines the yellow bar in the hindwing).
    [Show full text]
  • Mariposas De La Reserva Silvestre Privada Montibelli. 173
    ISSN 1021-0296 REVISTA NICARAGUENSE DE ENTOMOLOGIA N° 133. _ ____ ___ __ Septiembre 2017 Mariposas de la Reserva Silvestre Privada Montibelli. Por Kevin Gauthier & Jean-Michel Maes. PUBLICACIÓN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO ASOCIACIÓN NICARAGÜENSE DE ENTOMOLOGÍA LEON - - - NICARAGUA Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 133. 2017. La Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) es una publicación reconocida en la Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Red ALyC) e indexada en los índices: Zoological Record, Entomological Abstracts, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. Los artículos de esta publicación están reportados en las Páginas de Contenido de CATIE, Costa Rica y en las Páginas de Contenido de CIAT, Colombia. Todos los artículos que en ella se publican son sometidos a un sistema de doble arbitraje por especialistas en el tema. The Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) is a journal listed in the Latin-American Index of Scientific Journals. It is indexed in: Zoological Records, Entomological, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. And reported in CATIE, Costa Rica and CIAT, Colombia. Two independent specialists referee all published papers. Consejo Editorial Jean Michel Maes Fernando Hernández-Baz Editor General Editor Asociado Museo Entomológico Universidad Veracruzana Nicaragua México José Clavijo Albertos Silvia A. Mazzucconi Universidad Central de Universidad de Buenos Aires Venezuela Argentina Weston Opitz Don Windsor Kansas Wesleyan University Smithsonian Tropical Research United States of America Institute, Panama Miguel Ángel Morón Ríos Jack Schuster Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Reproductive Barriers Between Three Closely Related Heliconius Butterfly Taxa
    Characterising reproductive barriers between three closely related Heliconius butterfly taxa. Lucie M. Queste MSc by Research University of York, Biology November 2015 1 Abstract Debates about the possibility of divergence in the face of gene flow have been an ongoing feature in the field of speciation. However, recent theoretical studies and examples in nature have demonstrated evidence for such a process. Much research now focuses on finding more evidence of reinforcement such as stronger isolation in sympatric populations. Genomic studies have also been investigating the role of gene flow in sympatric speciation and the formation of islands of divergence. Heliconius butterflies offer extensive opportunities to answer such questions. Here, I test whether male colour pattern preference and female host plant preference act as reproductive barriers in three Heliconius taxa with varying degrees of geographic overlap. Further experiments on the F2 hybrids of two of these taxa aimed to identify the underlying genomic architecture of these traits. My results suggest that male colour pattern preference and host preference are acting as reproductive barriers. Stronger differences between the sympatric species were found demonstrating evidence for reinforcement and divergence with gene flow. Initial analyses of the F2 hybrid phenotypes suggest that several loci control these traits and pave the way for future genetic analyses to further understand the role of gene flow in speciation. 2 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 Author’s Declaration 7 Chapter 1 – Introduction 8 1. Speciation 8 2. Heliconius 15 3. Aims and Objectives 20 Chapter 2 – Identifying traits acting as reproductive barriers between three taxa of 21 Heliconius with varying levels of gene flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Heliconinos De La Colección Entomológica De La Facultad De Ciencias Agronómicas, Villaflores, Chiapas, México
    ISSN: 2448-4768 Bol. Soc. Mex. Ento. (n. s.) Número especial 2: 34−38 2016 HELICONINOS DE LA COLECCIÓN ENTOMOLÓGICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRONÓMICAS, VILLAFLORES, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO Ricardo Cabrera-Lopez*, Carlos J. Morales-Morales, Eduardo Aguilar-Astudillo y Julio C. Gómez-Castañeda. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Campus V, Carret. Ocozocoautla- Villaflores, km 84, C. P. 30470, Villaflores, Chiapas, México. *Autor para correspondencia: cabrera9328 @hotmail.com Recibido: 15/03/2016; Aceptado: 24/04/2016 RESUMEN: El trabajo se realizó en la Colección Entomológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Campus V de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (FCA-CV) con el material entomológico de la Subfamilia Heliconiinae Swainson, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), de las cuales se revisaron 202 ejemplares representados en ocho géneros y 16 especies. El género mejor representado fue Heliconius con 68 ejemplares con siete especies: Heliconius charitonia vazquezae Comstock y Brown, 1950; Heliconius erato petiverana (Doubleday, 1847); Heliconius hecale fornarina Hewitson, 1854; Heliconius hecalesia octavia Bates, 1866; Heliconius hortense Guérin-Méneville, 1844; Heliconius ismenius telchinia Doubleday, 1847 y Heliconius sapho leuce Doubleday, 1857. Las especies mejor representadas son Dryas iulia moderata (Rilet, 1926), H. charitonia vazquezae, Agraulis vanillae incarnata (Riley, 1926), Dione juno huascuma (Reakirt, 1966) y Eueides isabella eva (Fabricius, 1793). Los organismos se encuentran depositados en la colección entomológica. Las especies H. hecalesia octavia y Laparus doris transiens Staudinger, 1896 están representadas únicamente por un ejemplar. El estatus de sobrevivencia de H. hecalesia octavia se encuentra presionado en Chiapas debido a los cambios drásticos en los bosques causados por las actividades antropológicas.
    [Show full text]
  • Divergence of Chemosensing During the Early Stages of Speciation
    Divergence of chemosensing during the early stages of speciation Bas van Schootena,b,1,2, Jesyka Meléndez-Rosaa,1,2, Steven M. Van Belleghema, Chris D. Jigginsc, John D. Tand, W. Owen McMillanb, and Riccardo Papaa,b,e,2 aDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925; bSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama; cDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 8PQ Cambridge, United Kingdom; dRoche NimbleGen Inc., Madison, WI 53719; and eMolecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00907 Edited by Joan E. Strassmann, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, and approved June 1, 2020 (received for review December 5, 2019) Chemosensory communication is essential to insect biology, play- few studies have identified chemosensory genes involved in re- ing indispensable roles during mate-finding, foraging, and ovipo- productive isolation (9, 15, 16). sition behaviors. These traits are particularly important during To date, most of the work on the genetic basis of chemo- speciation, where chemical perception may serve to establish spe- sensory signaling has been conducted on insects, with an em- cies barriers. However, identifying genes associated with such phasis on Drosophila and moths (e.g., Heliothis and Bombyx). complex behavioral traits remains a significant challenge. Through However, in the past few years, the growing accessibility of a combination of transcriptomic and genomic approaches, we whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing has allowed us to characterize the genetic architecture of chemoperception and the describe chemosensory genes for a number of new butterfly role of chemosensing during speciation for a young species pair of species.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Pollen Feeding, Pupal-Mating and Larval Gregariousness Have a Single Origin in Heliconius Butterflies? Inferences from Multilocus DNA Sequence Data
    Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 221-239. With 4 figures Do pollen feeding, pupal-mating and larval gregariousness have a single origin in Heliconius butterflies? Inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data MARGAEITA BELTRAN1'2'3*, CHRIS D. JIGGINS3, ANDREW V. Z. BROWER4, ELDREDGE BERMINGHAM1 and JAMES MALLET2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, AA 2072, Balboa, Panama 2The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London NW1 2HE, UK ^Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA Received 22 November 2005; accepted for publication 4 November 2006 Phylogenetic information is useful in understanding the evolutionary history of adaptive traits. Here, we present a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for Heliconius butterflies and related genera. We use this tree to investigate the evolution of three traits, pollen feeding, pupal-mating behaviour and larval gregariousness. Phylogenetic relationships among 60 Heliconiina species (86% of the subtribe) were inferred from partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome oxidase II and 16S rRNA, and fragments of the nuclear genes elongation factor-la, apterous, decapentaplegic and wingless (3834 bp in total). The results corroborate previous hypotheses based on sequence data in showing that Heliconius is paraphyletic, with Laparus doris and Neruda falling within the genus, demonstrating a single origin for pollen feeding but with a loss of the trait in Neruda. However, different genes are not congruent in their placement of Neruda; therefore, monophyly of the pollen feeding species cannot be ruled out. There is also a highly supported monophyletic 'pupal-mating clade' suggesting that pupal mating behaviour evolved only once in the Heliconiina.
    [Show full text]
  • COLOMBIANA De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales
    ISSN 0370-3908 eISSN 2382-4980 REVISTA DE LA ACADEMIA COLOMBIANA de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Vol. 42 • Número 164 • Págs. 161-300 • Julio-Septiembre de 2018 • Bogotá - Colombia ISSN 0370-3908 eISSN 2382-4980 Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Vol. 42 • Número 164 • Págs. 161-300 • Julio-Septiembre de 2018 • Bogotá - Colombia Comité editorial Editora Elizabeth Castañeda, Ph. D. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia Editores asociados Ciencias Biomédicas Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Ph. D. Universidad de Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Luis Fernando García, M.D., M.Sc. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia Ciencias Físicas Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo, Ph. D. Pedro Fernández de Córdoba, Ph. D. Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España Luis Caraballo, Ph. D. Diógenes Campos Romero, Dr. rer. nat. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Juanita Ángel, Ph. D. Bogotá, Colombia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Román Eduardo Castañeda, Dr. rer. nat. Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Nacional, Medellín, Colombia Manuel Franco, Ph. D. María Elena Gómez, Doctor Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad del Valle, Cali Bogotá, Colombia Alberto Gómez, Ph. D. Gabriel Téllez, Ph. D. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Jairo Roa-Rojas, Ph. D. John Mario González, Ph. D. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Gloria Patricia Cardona Gómez, B.Sc., Ph. D. Ángela Stella Camacho Beltrán, Dr. rer. nat. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Ciencias del Comportamiento Edgar González, Ph. D. Guillermo Páramo, M.Sc. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Rubén Ardila, Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • Cryptic Speciation Associated with Geographic and Ecological
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, 186, 233–249. With 7 figures. Cryptic speciation associated with geographic and ecological divergence in two Amazonian Heliconius Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/186/1/233/5066664 by University of York user on 13 June 2019 butterflies NEIL ROSSER1,2*, , ANDRÉ V. L. FREITAS3, BLANCA HUERTAS4, MATHIEU JORON5, GERARDO LAMAS6, CLAIRE MÉROT7, FRASER SIMPSON8, KEITH R. WILLMOTT9, JAMES MALLET2 and KANCHON K. DASMAHAPATRA1 1Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK 2Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 3Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil 4Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 5Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France 6Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14–0434, Lima-14, Peru 7IBIS, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada 8Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 9McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Received 23 February 2018; revised 14 May 2018; accepted for publication 27 May 2018 The evolution of reproductive isolation via a switch in mimetic wing coloration has become the paradigm for speci- ation in aposematic Heliconius butterflies. Here, we provide a counterexample to this, by documenting two cryptic species within the taxon formerly considered Heliconius demeter Staudinger, 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book
    Species boundaries among Heliconius butterflies reflect the genetic architecture of speciation Simon Martin University of Cambridge We still lack a detailed understanding of the genetic mechanisms that allow species to coexist and hybridize without collapsing. Theory predicts that genetic incompatibilities that reduce fitness of hybrids and recombinants may form barriers to gene flow, particularly in genomic regions of reduced recombination. This has proved difficult to test empirically. Conventional methods for studying the landscape of gene flow across the genome are prone to biases, making them difficult to interpret. We addressed this issue by using novel, and less biased, approaches to study relatedness across the genome between hybridizing species of Heliconius butterflies. We compared two pairs of species using multiple resequenced genomes from multiple replicated regions of sympatry. We found that relatedness between species fluctuates on a large scale across the genome, and that patterns of introgression differ between the two species pairs. In one pair, gene flow is correlated with recombination rate, reduced at chromosome centres and in gene-rich regions. In the other pair, rates of gene flow are more even across the genome. Using simulations, we show that these patterns are consistent with biological differences between the two species pairs. One pair has distinct wing patterns that are under strong ecological selection and may provide a genome-wide barrier to gene flow. The other pair lacks this dramatic ecological difference, so the species boundary depends more on the distribution of genetic incompatibilities and recombination. Our findings therefore supplement theoretical work, showing how the shape of the species boundary reflects the genetic architecture of species differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation and Flexibility in the Gene Regulatory Landscape of Heliconiine Butterfly Wings 1
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/541599; this version posted February 5, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Hanly et al, Conservation and flexibility in the gene regulatory landscape of Heliconiine butterfly wings 1 1 Conservation and flexibility in the gene regulatory 2 landscape of Heliconiine butterfly wings 3 Joseph J Hanly1,2,3*, Richard WR Wallbank1,2, W Owen 4 McMillan2, Chris D Jiggins1,2 5 1. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge 6 CB2 3EJ, UK 7 2. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama 8 3. The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA 9 * = corresponding author. [email protected] 10 Abstract 11 Background 12 Many traits evolve by cis-regulatory modification, by which changes to non-coding 13 sequences affect the binding affinity for available transcription factors and thus 14 modify the expression profile of genes. Multiple examples of cis-regulatory evolution 15 have been described at pattern switch genes responsible for butterfly wing pattern 16 polymorphism, including in the diverse neotropical genus Heliconius, but the 17 identities of the factors that can regulate these switch genes have not been identified. 18 Results 19 We investigated the spatial transcriptomic landscape across the wings of three closely 20 related butterfly species, two of which have a convergently-evolved, co-mimetic 21 pattern, the other having a divergent pattern.
    [Show full text]