[CLIENT] Cullen1701 NM1701085 13 April 2017

Research Highlights

GOALS

Research and extend the ancestry of the client’s paternal great-grandfather Martin Cullen (1851-1944) who married Ann Burke. Work towards learning where in Ireland the family originated before arriving in Canada. If time remains, begin research on Martin’s wife, Ann Burke, extending her ancestry as far as time allows, working towards learning the identity of her family’s ancestral town.

PROGRESS

Located the baptismal record for Martin Cullen III, born in December of 1851. Discovered the marriage record for Martin Cullen III and Ann Burke who were married in September of 1882. Acquired a copy of Ann Burke Cullen’s death certificate from October of 1893. Learned that Martin III married Jane Colton in 1895 after the death of Ann. Found a 1926 newspaper article detailing a hit-and-run accident in which Martin III was the victim, and survived. Determined that Martin III died on 10 October 1944. Located several obituaries and other newspaper notices surrounding the death of Martin III. Discovered the marriage record for Martin Cullen, Jr. and his wife Ann Nolan from September of 1843. Learned that Martin, Jr. died in July of 1878. Acquired a copy of the marriage record for Martin Cullen the Elder and his wife, Margaret Power, dated 1809. Compiled a list of the names and dates of birth or baptism for all nine of the children of Martin the Elder and Margaret. Identified the parents of Martin the Elder as Philip and Jane Cullen. Determined that Margaret Power was the daughter of James Power and Mary Ryan. Discovered the death record for Margaret Power Cullen in October of 1838.

Located information which strongly suggests that Martin, Jr. was the illegitimate son of Martin the Elder and Bridget Redmond but was raised by Margaret Power and considered or possibly believed that Margaret was his mother. Identified Catherine Burke as the likely mother of Michael Burke. Located Michael Burke’s burial record from April of 1888. Determined that Michael Burke was likely born in County Mayo, Ireland. Located the death record for Julia McLoughlin Burke from May of 1911. Discovered that there are no baptismal records in County Mayo prior to the year 1822.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Search for a will or probate for Martin Cullen the Elder to determine if he named Martin, Jr. as his “natural” child, indicating Martin, Jr.’s illegitimacy. 2. Compile a list of local history books for Wexford County, Ireland and Lanark County in Ottawa and then review and analyze them in an effort to learn more about the Cullen family and its antecedents. 3. Pursue additional research into the Cullen family based on the clues procured from the previous recommendations. 4. Determine the connection between Mary Hogan, Burke and Michael Cullen and the Burke family. 5. Re-examine Terrence M. Punch’s Erin's sons: Irish arrivals in Atlantic Canada 1761-1853 for evidence of arrivals into Canada for John and/or Catherine Burke as well as Mary and Michael McLoughlin. 6. Trace the children of Michael and Julia, specifically looking for marriage and death records which might include not only the names of their parents but also the locations of their places of birth. 7. Pursue additional research into the Burke and McLoughlin lines building on the results of recommendations 4-6 above.

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Research Report

The goal of this research session was to extend the ancestry of the client’s paternal line, specifically the lineage of Martin Cullen, with the goal of determining where in Ireland the family originated. If time allowed, we were also asked to begin the same type of research on the family of Martin’s wife, Ann Burke. The client provided us with access to her Ancestry family tree as well as a narrative of some family history and two pedigree charts.

We reviewed the client’s online family tree and discovered that there were no sources to verify any of the information regarding Martin Cullen and Ann Burke with the exception of their names included on the marriage record of their son, Harold, and in the 1901 Canada Census. Because a woman named Jane, not Ann, was listed as Martin’s wife in 1901, it appears that Ann had died and Martin had remarried, but that was only conjecture and needed to be proven with documentary evidence. We began our research by searching for additional information concerning Martin Cullen and Ann Burke.

A note regarding the identification of the individuals named Martin Cullen: As our research progressed we determined that there were three men named Martin Cullen who succeeded each other from one generation to the next. To clarify which person was under consideration throughout this report we labeled the husband of Ann Burke as Martin Cullen III. His father was referred to as Martin Cullen, Jr. The initial Martin Cullen was given the moniker of Martin Cullen the Elder.

Martin Cullen III and Ann Burke

The client reported that Martin III was the son of Martin, Jr. and Ann Nolan. Martin III was born on 18 December 1851 and died in 1944 but no location for either event was recorded. 3

Martin III was married to Ann Burke, the daughter of Michael Burke and Judy McLaughlin. Ann had been born in about 1858 in the Province of Quebec and she died on 3 October 1893 in Pointe Gatineau in Quebec. There was no date or location for the marriage of the couple, although their eldest son, Michael, was born on 17 July 1884 in Point Gatineau, suggesting that the marriage of Martin III and Ann took place prior to the fall of 1883, most likely in Quebec.

Martin III was enumerated with his family in the 1851 Canada Census, although, according to the document, he was only a month old.1 Martin’s father was also named Martin, a 31- year-old tailor from Ireland. His wife was 30-year-old Ann, another native of Ireland. An older child, two-year-old Margaret, completed the household. The entire household was Catholic, and the two children had been born in Quebec, or “Canada E.”

The Martin, Jr. household in 1851. DOCUMENT 1.

1 1851 Census of Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, Aylmer, Ottawa, Canada East [Quebec], sheet 23, Martin Cullen household, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 1. 4

Using the information from the census, we located the baptismal record for Martin III which took place on 21 December 1851 at the church of St. Paul d’Aylmer in Quebec.2 The baptism occurred three days after Martin’s birth on the 18th of December. The baptismal record noted the names of both parents, including the maiden name of his mother, Ann Nolan, as well as the fact that the couple was lawfully married.

Martin III and Ann Burke were married on 5 September 1882 at the church of St. Elizabeth in Cantley, Quebec.3 Martin was reportedly the son of the late Martin Cullen and Ann Nolan of the parish of Aylmer while Annie [sic] was the daughter of Michael Burke and Julia McLochlin of the parish of Cantley. Both bride and groom were of age and they were able to sign the register.

Martin III and Ann Burke’s signatures on the registry entry of the 1882 marriage. DOCUMENT 3.

This marriage record was helpful in locating Ann living with her parents in two of the census reports prior to her marriage to Martin III.4 Although it appears that the enumerator made a transcription error when he copied the data onto the 1861 census report page, it is very clear from the 1871 census that Ann was the daughter of Michael and

2 Eglise catholique, Saint-Paul-d'Aylmer (Aylmer, Québec), Registres paroissiaux, 1841-1876, “Index, 1841-1872; registres, 1841-1852,” baptism of Martin Cullen, 21 December 1851, entry no. 68, https://familysearch.org, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 2. 3 Quebec, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1968, 1869-1899, sheet 141, marriage of Martin Cullen and Ann Burke, 5 September 1882, entry no. 8, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 3. 4 1861 Canada Census, Hull, Ottawa, Canada East [Quebec], sheet 581, Michael Burke household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 4; and 1871 Canada Census, Hull, Ottawa West, Quebec, sheet 50, Michael Burk household, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 5. 5

Julia Burke. We believe that the child listed as Sarah in the 1861 census was actually two- year-old Ann and not Sarah, who was born in about 1871 or 1872.

On 3 October 1893, Ann Burke Cullen died in Cantley and was buried in the cemetery of St. Elizabeth’s church.5 She was 36 years old. The burial record noted that Ann’s husband, Martin III, was a blacksmith. He and three of Ann’s brothers, Patrick, John, and Joseph (who made his mark), signed as witnesses to Ann’s burial.

Martin and three brothers-in-law signed as witnesses to the burial of Ann Burke Cullen in 1893. DOCUMENT 6.

About fifteen months after Ann’s death, Martin III remarried.6 His new wife was 31-year- old Jane Colton. Their marriage record included the names of Martin’s parents, verifying that they were Martin Cullen and Ann Nolan.

As an aside, during the course of our research, we located a newspaper article detailing an automobile hit-and-run accident which left 75-year-old Martin in the street with numerous

5 Eglise catholique, Sainte-Elisabeth-de-Cantley (Cantley, Québec), Québec, Hull, Cantley, Church records, 1869-1900, sheet 335, burial of Mrs. Martin Cullen, 5 October 1893, entry no. 13, https://familysearch.org, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 6. 6 Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1801-1928, 1933-1934, marriage of Martin Cullen and Jane Colton, 29 January 1895, entry no. 6653, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 7. 6

broken bones.7 In spite of his age and his many injuries, Martin III survived and lived for nearly twenty years after the accident.

Newspaper headline reporting a hit-and-run accident that left Martin III lying in the street. DOCUMENT 8.

Martin Cullen III died at the age of 92 on 10 October 1944 in Carleton, Ottawa, Canada.8 The cause of his death was chronic myocarditis, inflammation of the heart, exacerbated by gastric ulcers which were hemorrhaging. His oldest son, Michael, provided the information for Martin’s death certificate which included his date and place of birth and the names of both parents. Unfortunately, the death certificate asked only for their country of birth, which was Ireland, and did not request the counties or towns in which they were born. An

7 “Auto Hits Man Smashes Legs and Vanishes,” The Ottawa Journal [Ottawa, Ontario, Canada], 15 November 1926, p. 13, http://newspapers.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 8. 8 Ontario, Canada, Deaths, 1869-1938, 1943-1944, and Deaths Overseas, 1939-1947, Martin Cullen, 10 October 1944, certificate no. 62241, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 9. 7

obituary provided additional details about Martin’s life, including his years as a member of the Canadian Department of the Interior.9

Martin Cullen III. DOCUMENT 11.

9 “Martin Cullen Dies in Ottawa in His 93rd Year,” The Ottawa Journal [Ottawa, Ontario, Canada], 10 October 1944, p. 5, http://newspapers.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 10; and Photograph of Martin Cullen, The Ottawa Journal [Ottawa, Ontario, Canada], 10 October 1944, p. 19, http://newspapers.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 11. 8

Martin Cullen, Jr. and Ann Nolan

The various records related to Martin III had provided us with the names of his parents, Martin, Jr. and Ann Nolan or Nowlan. We traced them through the 1861 and 1871 Canada census reports which verified this information.10 These two census reports, in addition to the previously discussed 1851 report, listed Martin, Jr.’s approximate year of birth between 1820 and 1822 in Ireland.

Using their daughter Margaret’s approximate 1849 year of birth as a guide we searched for the marriage record for Martin, Jr. and Ann to determine the names of their parents. We discovered that the couple married at the cathedral church of Notre Dame in Quebec on 5 September 1843.11 Martin, Jr. a tailor and the son of Martin Cullen and the deceased Margaret Power married Ann Nowlan [sic] the daughter of Edouard Nowlan, deceased, and Isabella McA[illeg]ia. The entry for the marriage noted that both Martin and Ann had reached their majority, but did not provide their ages.

10 1861 Canada Census, Aylmer, Quebec, Ottawa, sheet 20, Martin Cullen household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 12; and 1871 Canada Census, Aylmer, Quebec, Ottawa, sheet 36, Martin Cullen household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 13. 11 Quebec, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1968, marriage of Martin Cullin and Ann Nowlan, 5 September1843, Quebec, Basilique Notre Dame, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 14. 9

From the marriage record for Martin Cullen, Jr. and Ann Nolan. DOCUMENT 14.

A final census report provided a range of years for the death of Martin, Jr. as Ann was listed as a widow in the 1881 Canada Census report.12 Two children, Martin III and Edward, continued to live with their mother. Since both young men were employed they no doubt supplied much of the necessary money for food, firewood, and other necessities while their aged mother took care of the housework.

The search for Martin, Jr.’s burial record required a bit of tedious research. There were no indices for most of the years between 1871 and 1881; therefore we had to search page by page through the parish records. Fortunately, the priests noted in the margins if the records were for baptisms (“B”), marriages “(M”), or burials (“S” for sépultures, the French word for burials). This meant that we could focus on records annotated with the letter “S” in our search. We discovered that Martin, Jr. was buried on 6 July 1878 in the parish church

12 1881 Canada Census, Aylmer, Ottawa, ED 97, sheet 30, Ann Cullen household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 15. 10

of St. Paul d’Aylmer.13 His age was listed as 59 years, meaning he was born in 1819, the earliest birth date reported for him.

Armed with this information we began our search for information regarding Martin the Elder in the hope of locating the birth or baptismal record for Martin, Jr., who was most likely born between 1819 and 1822 in Ireland.

Martin Cullen the Elder and Margaret Power

Although we still did not know where in Ireland the Cullen family originated, it seemed unlikely that there would be many marriages between men named Martin Cullen and women named Margaret Power in the years leading up to the approximate date of Martin, Jr.’s birth in 1820. Our hunch proved correct, for there was only one such marriage recorded in Ireland: the 10 November 1809 marriage of Martin Cullen and Margaret Power in Templetown, County Wexford.14

There was no additional information, such as their ages, the names of their parents, or Martin’s occupation. The register simply noted that both lived in the parish where they were married.

Marriage registry entry for Martin Cullen and Margaret Power in 1809. DOCUMENT 17.

13 Eglise catholique. Saint-Paul-d'Aylmer (Aylmer, Québec), Québec, Gatineau, Aylmer, registres paroissiaux, 1841-1863, 1876-1904, “Baptêmes, mariages, sépultures, 1876-1904,” baptism of Martin Cullen, 6 July 1878, https://familysearch.org, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 16. 14 Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Marriages,” microfilm 04245/01, marriage of Martin Cullin and Margaret Power, 10 November 1809, p. 66, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 17. 11

Next, we gathered the names of all of the children born to this couple. All of the nine children were born in Templetown, Wexford: • James, baptized 20 July 1812; • Mary, baptized 4 July 1814; • Philip, born 1 August 1815 and baptized 2 August 1815; • Michael, baptized 25 April 1816; • Margaret, born 5 November 1817 and baptized 7 November 1817; • Michael, baptized 20 June 1820; • Thomas, born 13 April 1823, baptized 14 April 1823; • Mary, born 20 February 1826, baptized 22 February 1826; • Bridget, born 31 January 1832, baptized 2 February 1832.15

15 Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/02, James Cullin, 20 July 1812, p. 7, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 18; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/02, Mary Cullin, 4 July 1814, p. 23, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 19; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/02, Philip Cullin, 2 August 1815, p. 34, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 20; and Church Baptism Record (transcription), Templetown, Wexford, baptism of Michael Cullin, 15 April 1816, http://ifhf.rootsireland.ie, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 21; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/03, Margaret Cullin, 7 November 1817, p. 14, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 22; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/03, Michael Cullen, 20 June 1820, p. 26, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 23; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/03, Thomas Cullen, 14 April 1823, p. 43, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 24; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/03, Mary Cullin, 22 February 1826, p. 56, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 25; and Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Births,” microfilm 04245/03, Bridget Cullin, 2 February 1832, p. 84, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 26. 12

Baptismal registry listings of the names of eight of the Cullen children. DOCUMENTS 18-20 and 22-26.

Having access to the baptismal records of eight of the nine children helped to verify that the transcriptionists correctly recorded those names. As can be seen in the image above, it is clear that none of those eight children was named Martin. None of the children’s names were Martin or Martinum.

The corresponding page for the Michael baptized on 15 April 1816 does not seem to exist. We contacted RootsIreland to learn more about why the link to the NLI records does not show the correct page. While we waited for their response we continued to search for additional information regarding Martin the Elder and his wife, Margaret Power.

Our search for the birth of Martin Cullen the Elder yielded only one man who would have been the proper age to marry Margaret in 1809. Martin Cullen, the son of Philip and Jane Cullen was baptized on 9 August 1787 in the church at Gorey, County Wexford.16 Similarly, there was only one possible match for Margaret Power, who was baptized on 26 September

16 Church Baptism Record (transcription), Kilanerin, Wexford, baptism of Martin Cullen, 9 August 1787, http://ifhf.rootsireland.ie, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 27. 13

1793.17 Her parents were James Power and Mary Ryan, and she was baptized in the parish of Templetown.

Martin Cullen the Elder was born in Kilanerin (modern day Killinierin) and was baptized in Gorey. He met Margaret of Templetown and they were married in the parish of Ferns, southwest of Gorey. Martin and Margaret settled in Templetown where their children were born. The map below depicts the location of these places and their relative proximity to each other. It is less than five miles from Kilanerin to Gorey and another ten miles to Ferns. The distance from Ferns to Templetown is less than 40 miles, making the total distance from Martin’s home in Kilanerin to his new home in Templetown just under 54 miles, about a three days’ journey by land. It would take less time if he traveled by ship from Waterford to one of the coastal towns near Kilanerin.

17 Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Baptisms,” microfilm 04245/01, Margaritam Power, 26 September 1793, p. 6, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 28. 14

The journey from Kilanerin to Templetown. Map courtesy https://maps.google.com.

The names of the parents of Martin the Elder and Margaret Power provided additional evidence that the children who were born in 1787 and 1793 were the same individuals as the couple who married in 1809 and who were the parents of the previously-discussed children. There were very strong naming patterns for the eldest children born into an Irish family, particularly for the sons. Although class and religion often divided Ireland and influenced traditions, it seems that the naming of sons was followed by all economic classes

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across Ireland regardless of the family’s religious affiliation. Specifically,

• the eldest son would be named after his paternal grandfather; • the second son was named after his maternal grandfather; • the third son was named after his father.

In the case of Martin the Elder and Margaret Powers, this tradition was altered slightly. The eldest son was named after his maternal grandfather, Margaret’s father James. The second son was named after Martin’s father, Philip. The third son should have been named Martin, after his father, but instead was named Michael, possibly the name of Martin or Margaret’s eldest brother.

Finally, Martin, Jr. had reported that Margaret Power had already passed away at the time that he married Ann Nolan, therefore, we searched for evidence of her death after the birth of Bridget in 1832. We discovered the death record for 45-year-old Margaret Cullen on 12 October 1838 in Templetown, County Wexford.18 The date and age of the deceased corresponded to the baptismal date for Margaret Power and the location of her death matched the place where Margaret and Martin lived and were raising their family.

The death of Margaret Power Cullen in 1838. DOCUMENT 29.

It was at this point that a member of the Customer Support staff for RootsIreland contacted us regarding the missing record for the birth of the first Michael Cullen. They reported:

There appears [sic] to be pages missing from the microfilm for the month of April. You will see that the entries in the microfilmed register jumps from March to April

18 Catholic Parish Records at the NLI, “St. James and Templetown, County of Wexford, Diocese of Ferns, Deaths,” microfilm 04245/01, Margarita Cullen, 12 October 1838, p. 113, http://registers.nli.ie, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 29. 16

to March and then back to April again….This does happen with the NLI microfilms. They are missing pages and sometimes entire registers or parishes.19

It is unfortunate that this record is missing, but a closer examination of the documents suggests that this Michael was really Michael, and not Martin as we had originally theorized. Based on the date of birth of his older sibling, Philip, the child born in 1816 was born at least one month prematurely, and possibly as much as three months early. Coupled with the fact that the next male child born to Martin the Elder and Margaret was named Michael, and the understanding that naming a child the same name as that of a deceased child was common through the early 1900s, it is reasonable to accept the transcribed record as accurate.

This poses a difficulty for our research. According to the Canadian records, the ancestral Martin Cullen, Jr. was born between 1819 and 1822 and was the son of Martin Cullen the Elder and his wife, Margaret Powers. There is no record of the birth of Martin Cullen to Martin Cullen and Margaret Powers in Ireland. There are only a few possible explanations for the facts as we know them. 1. It is possible that a child was born between Margaret Cullen’s birth in November of 1817 and Michael Cullen’s birth in June of 1820, or between the births of Michael in 1820 and Thomas, who was born in April of 1823; however, giving birth to three children in less than three years would be a very difficult feat for Margaret Powers, and nearly biologically impossible. 2. Perhaps Martin Cullen, Jr. provided false information regarding the identity of his parents. If this is what happened there is no way to determine the true identity of Martin or his parents, since it is likely that he changed his name to assume the identity of a child of Martin and Margaret. 3. Another option is that Martin Cullen, Jr. was the illegitimate son of Martin the Elder and an unnamed woman, but was raised by Margaret as one of her children. This is the only theory we can potentially prove or disprove by means of documentary evidence.

19 Customer Support, RootsIreland, “re: Transcript and document do not align,“ email to Legacy Tree Genealogists, March 2017. 17

Martin Cullen, Jr., Revisited

If Martin, Jr. was the illegitimate son of Martin the Elder it is possible that his birth record exists and could provide evidence of his parentage. We searched all of Ireland for records of the birth of boys named Martin Cullen between the years 1815 and 1825. Our search revealed 12 possible matches in counties Carlow, Kilkenny, Waterford, and Wexford. The four counties are contiguous to each other, making movement from one county to another possible. However, when we further narrowed the search to those boys named Martin who also had a father named Martin we had only two matches.

The first was Martin, son of Martin Cullen and Elenor Kealy who was baptized in November of 1815 in County Kilkenny. There was no indication that this child was illegitimate although we noted the priest included that notation for a different child on that same page.

Notation of illegitimate birth in County Kilkenny. Photo courtesy http://registers.nli.ie.

The second boy was Martin, son of Martin Cullen and Bridget Redmond who was baptized on 21 June 1823 in Gorey, Kilanerin, County Wexford.20 There was no indication that this child was illegitimate, and the actual parish records are not available, making the transcript our only source for this birth. The only notation on the birth record was that Martin had a twin named John.21

20 Church Baptism Record (transcription), Kilanerin, Wexford, baptism of Martin Cullen, 21 June 1823, http://ifhf.rootsireland.ie, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 30. 21 Church Baptism Record (transcription), Kilanerin, Wexford, baptism of John Cullen, 21 June 1823, http://ifhf.rootsireland.ie, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 31. 18

It is interesting that these births occurred in the hometown of Martin Cullen the Elder. Because of the Irish naming traditions, we would expect to find cousins of Martin the Elder who were also named Martin Cullen. This means that without more information we cannot know for certain that the Martin Cullen who fathered Martin and John was Martin the Elder. The ancestral Martin Cullen, Jr. reported that his parents were Martin Cullen and Margaret Power. This strongly indicates that he grew up in their home and believed, or was led to believe, that he was a biological child of that couple.

We continued our research and learned that there was no evidence of a marriage between Martin Cullen and Bridget Redmond in County Wexford between 1810 and 1830. There were three different marriage records for women named Bridget Redmond in Kilanerin between 1822 and 1826. It seems unlikely that the woman who was married in 1822 would be listed as the mother of Martin and John in 1823, especially under her maiden name. However, it is possible that the woman who married Patrick Finn in 1825 or the woman who married Thomas Mulloy in 1826 was the mother of Martin and John.

Given the information available to us we believe that Martin Cullen, Jr. was the son of Martin Cullen the Elder. It also appears that Martin, Jr. could be the son of Bridget Redmond, born out of wedlock with his twin, John, in June of 1823. It is likely that the boys were conceived when Martin the Elder was visiting or conducting business in his hometown of Kilanerin.

We found no record of the death of an unmarried woman named Bridget Redmond, but it is possible that Martin took one or both of the boys home to his wife to raise as her own child. In an era when there was no particular reason to remember one’s specific date of birth, it would have been a simple matter to tell young Martin that he was older than these siblings and younger than this other set of siblings.

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Due to the complete lack of census records, there is no simple way to determine if this hypothesis is accurate. If Martin the Elder left a will it is possible that he mentioned his legitimate and “natural” children separately. Another option is to search local histories to determine if there is any mention of the Cullen family. One possible source is Carol Bennett McCuaig’s book Leinster to Lanark which traces post•1798 migrants from Wexford and other counties to Lanark County in Ottawa.

At this point, the client directed us to turn our attention to Ann Burke, the wife of Martin Cullen III and we began tracing her lineage back in time.

Ann Burke

According to our previous research, we knew that Ann Burke was born in about 1857 in Quebec. Her parents were Michael Burke and Julia McLoughlin, both of Ireland. The various census reports offered dates between 1812 and 1821 for Michael’s birth, while Julia was likely born between 1817 and 1825.22 Living with the family in 1851 was Catherine Burke, a 75-year-old widow from Ireland. Although there is no indication of familial relationships in the 1851 census, Catherine’s name, age, and place of birth indicate that she could have been the mother of Michael.

22 1851 Canada Census, Hull, Ottawa, Canada East (Quebec), ED 3, sheet 75, Michael Burke household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENT 32; and DOCUMENT 4; and DOCUMENT 5; and 1881 Canada Census, Hull, Ottawa, Quebec, ED 92, sheet 17, Michel Burke household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENT 33. 20

The Burke household in 1851. DOCUMENT 32.

The 1842 Canadian census reports included only the names of the heads of the households and not the names of the other members of the family. There was no Catherine Burke reported as the head of a household in 1842. There was a “Widow Burke” living in Nepean, across the Ottawa River from Hull, but there is no way to determine if this was Catherine, or if the entry was for some other widow. The two Michael Burkes we located lived in, or just outside of, Montreal. Again, it is possible that either man was the ancestral Michael Burke, but without more information, it is impossible to make that determination.

We continued to trace the Burke family through the Canadian census reports and discovered that by 1891 Julia was a widow, indicating that Michael had died between 1881 and 1891.23 Julia was reported to be 70 years old in 1891. Living with her were her daughter, Mary, and her son, Joseph. A niece, 19-year-old Mary Hogan, and a hired hand completed the household.

Using the parameters of 1881-1891 for the year of Michael’s death we found the record of his burial which occurred on 5 April 1888.24 The burial record noted that Michael had died on the third of April and reported that he was 72 years old when he died, placing his birth

23 1891 Canada Census, Hull, Ottawa, Quebec, ED 175, sheets 17 & 18, Julia Burke household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENTS 34a-b. 24 Quebec, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1968, burial of Michael Burke, 5 April 1888, Ste-Élisabeth Cantley, Quebec, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENT 35. 21

in about 1816, but the names of his parents were not included in that record. We located a partial photo of his headstone on Ancestry which reported that Michael was a native of County Mayo, Ireland.25 We contacted the person who originally posted it. She reported that she did not take the photograph and can offer no additional information about the rest of the headstone.26

Michael Burke’s headstone noting that he was a native of County Mayo. DOCUMENT 36.

The earliest baptismal records available for County Mayo are 1822, about five years too late to help us locate the names of the parents of the ancestral Michael Burke. Burke is a common surname in that county. We learned that Burke families lived in 66 different parishes in County Mayo in the 1850s when Griffith’s Valuation was made.27 Given the lack of parish records, and without any additional information about Michael’s parents, it would require a great deal of research in local histories and archives to determine from which

25 “Michael Burke. Cantley, Quebec,” photo of portion of headstone, posted by kathyhogan66, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed March 2017. DOCUMENT 36. 26 kathyhogan66, messages to Legacy Tree Genealogists via Ancestry messenger, March 2017. 27 “Burke households in Mayo in Griffith's Valuation,” Irish Ancestors, https://johngrenham.com, subscription database, accessed April 2017. 22

parish Michael Burke originated. We continued our research in the hope of discovering some useful detail or clue regarding Michael Burke.

In 1901, the widowed Julia lived with her son, Joseph, who had recently begun his own family.28 The household consisted of Joseph; Agnes, his wife; their daughter Monica; Julia; and 9-year-old Burke Cullen and 16-year-old Michael Cullen, Joseph’s nephews. Julia did not appear in the 1911 Canadian Census indicating that she probably died between the enumerations of the two census reports. We searched for and found the record of Julia’s burial which occurred in the same cemetery as Michael’s burial.29 Julia died on the 15th of May in 1911. The burial record noted that she was the wife of the late Michael Burke, verifying that this was the correct individual, but, as was true of Michael’s burial record, there was no mention of Julia’s parents.

We located a number of local histories, transcripts of vital records, and passenger information at the Family History Library which we reviewed for additional details about the Burke (and Cullen) families.

Terrence M. Punch’s four-volume study of the arrival of the Irish in Canada, Erin's sons: Irish arrivals in Atlantic Canada 1761-1853, included a number of references to Michael Burke but none were the correct age or hailed from the proper county in Ireland to be the ancestral Michael Burke. There were other men with the surname of Burke included in the books, but without more knowledge of Michael’s family, we cannot determine which, if any, of the men was Michael’s father.

28 1901 Canada Census, Census, Hull, Ottawa, Quebec, ED 200, sheets 4 & 5, Joseph Burke household, Library and Archives Canada, http://bac-lac.gc.ca, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENTS 37a-b. 29 Quebec, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1968, burial of Julia McLoughlin or Mrs. Michael Burke, 17 May 1911, Ste-Élisabeth Cantley, Quebec, http://ancestry.com, subscription database, accessed April 2017. DOCUMENT 38. 23

Marguerite Dufour’s book Répertoire des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de St-Paul- d'Aylmer, 1840-1900 included a transcription of the marriage record for John Burke, son of Michael and Julia McGlaughlin [sic] and Maggie Cullen the daughter of Martin Cullen and Ann Nolan in 1876, but offered no other information about Michael Burke.30

A similarly-structured book by Marthe F. Beauregard which concentrated on the years 1841-1851 in Aylmer provided information concerning the births and baptisms of daughters Catherine and Mary, but again, provided no assistance in extending the lineage of Michael Burke.31

There was no mention of Martin Cullen in Punch’s book about Irish immigrants. Dufour’s book provided details of the birth of Martin and Ann Nolan’s son, Edward and the birth and death of their son Thomas but offered nothing else.32 Beauregard’s book provided information regarding the births of three of Martin Cullen and Ann Nolan’s children, Joseph, Margaret, and Martin.33

There are a variety of options available for continuing research into the Burke family. Two of those options are related to the census records. By learning how Mary Hogan of the 1891 census and Burke and Michael Cullen of the 1901 census are related, it is possible that more information about both the Burke and Cullen families can be acquired. By learning

30 Marguerite Dufour, Répertoire des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de St-Paul-d'Aylmer, 1840-1900 (Hull, Québec: Société de généalogie de l'Outaouais, c1981) p. 153, no. 4089, marriage of John Burke and Maggie Cullen, 8 November 1876, Family History Library book 971.4221/A1 K29L. DOCUMENT 39. 31 Marthe F. Beauregard, Baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de la mission d'Aylmer, 1841-1851 (Montréal, Québec: Editions Bergeron & Fils, 1977), births of Catherine Burke and Mary Burke, p. 25-26, no. 355 and 359, Family History Library book 971.4 K29b. DOCUMENTS 40a-b. 32 Marguerite Dufour, Répertoire des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de St-Paul-d'Aylmer, 1840-1900 (Hull, Québec: Société de généalogie de l'Outaouais, c1981) p. 33 and 209, no. 494, 495, and 4992, Family History Library book 971.4221/A1 K29L. DOCUMENTS 41a-b. 33 Marthe F. Beauregard, Baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de la mission d'Aylmer, 1841-1851 (Montréal, Québec: Editions Bergeron & Fils, 1977), births of Joseph, Margaret, and Martin Burke, p. 30, no. 441, 442, and 444, Family History Library book 971.4 K29b. DOCUMENT 42. 24

the names of siblings of Michael Burke we may be better able to locate his parents in a census or passenger list.

A second option is to utilize the hints provided by the names of Michael and Julia’s children based on the Irish naming traditions discussed above. In the case of Michael and Julia’s children, the eldest son was named John, suggesting that this was the name of Michael’s father. The eldest daughter was named Catherine, which was also the name of the elderly widow living with the Burkes in 1851 who we posited as a possible mother of Michael. Although the eldest daughter should have been named for Julia’s mother, it would be a reasonable alteration of the tradition to name the child for the grandmother who lived with the family at the time of the baby’s birth.

Using the clues of the names John and Michael and Catherine and Mary, we recommend re- examining the four volumes of Terrence M. Punch’s Erin's sons: Irish arrivals in Atlantic Canada 1761-1853 for any of those names alone or in combination arriving in Canada between 1817 and 1841. Additionally, we can narrow the search even more so by limiting our attention to those families who originally lived in County Mayo, Ireland, the clue offered by Michael’s headstone.

Finally, we could trace the children of Michael and Julia, specifically looking for marriage and death records which might include not only the names of their parents but also the locations of their places of birth.

Conclusion

During this research session, we successfully extended the lineage of both Martin Cullen III and his wife, Ann Burke. In the case of Martin III, we provided evidence connecting him to his father, grandfather, and his great-grandfather, extending that branch of the client’s family to the mid-1700s back to several towns in County Wexford, Ireland. Ann Burke’s

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lineage was extended to include her parents and possible great-grandparents with a connection to County Mayo, Ireland.

We have offered some recommendations for future research. Irish research can be particularly difficult in part because so many Irish parish records were lost as a result of the fire in the Public Record Office of Ireland in Dublin in 1922. In addition to the near- complete destruction of the 1821•1851 census records, over half of the registers from the various Church of Ireland parishes were destroyed. The majority of wills and related records were also victim to the fires, as were all local government records from before 1900.

"Four Courts Conflagration" [30 June 1922] by National Library of Ireland via Wikimedia.

It has been a genuine pleasure to pursue research into the Cullen and Burke families. We look forward to continuing research in the near future, according to your direction.

KJE/mac ©2017 Legacy Tree Genealogists https://legacytree.com 26