DOCSLIB.ORG

L 59 Official Journal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L 59 Official Journal ISSN 1725-2555 Official Journal L59 of the European Union Volume 51 English edition Legislation 4 March 2008 Contents I Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is obligatory REGULATIONS ★ Council Regulation (EC) No 195/2008 of 3 March 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 concerning certain specific restrictions on economic and financial relations with Iraq ......................................................................................... 1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 196/2008 of 3 March 2008 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables ...................................... 6 ★ Commission Regulation (EC) No 197/2008 of 3 March 2008 approving non-minor amendments to the specification for a name entered in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Queijo Serra da Estrela (PDO)) ............................ 8 ★ Commission Regulation (EC) No 198/2008 of 3 March 2008 amending for the 92nd time Council Regulation (EC) No 881/2002 imposing certain specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities associated with Usama bin Laden, the Al-Qaida network and the Taliban ................................................................................... 10 (Continued overleaf) 2 Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period. EN The titles of all other acts are printed in bold type and preceded by an asterisk. Contents (continued) II Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is not obligatory DECISIONS Council 2008/180/EC: ★ Council Decision of 25 February 2008 concerning the conclusion of the Agreement on scientific and technological cooperation between the European Community and the Arab Republic of Egypt ................................................................................ 12 2008/181/EC: ★ Council Decision of 25 February 2008 concerning the conclusion of the Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the European Community and the State of Israel 14 2008/182/Euratom: ★ Council Decision of 25 February 2008 amending Council Decision of 16 December 1980 setting up the Consultative Committee for the Fusion Programme ............................. 15 2008/183/EC: ★ Council Decision of 28 February 2008 appointing an Italian alternate member to the Committee of the Regions ....................................................................... 17 2008/184/EC: ★ Council Decision of 29 February 2008 appointing a new member of the Commission of the European Communities .......................................................................... 18 Commission 2008/185/EC: ★ Commission Decision of 21 February 2008 on additional guarantees in intra-Community trade of pigs relating to Aujeszky’s disease and criteria to provide information on this disease (notified under document number C(2008) 669) (Codified version) (1) ........................................ 19 III Acts adopted under the EU Treaty ACTS ADOPTED UNDER TITLE V OF THE EU TREATY ★ Council Common Position 2008/186/CFSP of 3 March 2008 amending Common Position 2003/495/CFSP on Iraq ........................................................................... 31 ★ Council Common Position 2008/187/CFSP of 3 March 2008 concerning restrictive measures against the illegal government of Anjouan in the Union of Comoros .......................... 32 EN (1) Text with EEA relevance 4.3.2008EN Official Journal of the European Union L 59/1 I (Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is obligatory) REGULATIONS COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 195/2008 of 3 March 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 concerning certain specific restrictions on economic and financial relations with Iraq THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, (3) It is also appropriate to align Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 with recent developments in sanctions practice regarding the identification of competent autho- rities, liability for infringements and jurisdiction. For the Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European purpose of this Regulation, the territory of the Community, and in particular Articles 60 and 301 thereof, Community is deemed to encompass the territories of the Member States to which the Treaty is applicable, under the conditions laid down in the Treaty. Having regard to Council Common Position 2008/186/CFSP of 3 March 2008 amending Common Position 2003/495/CFSP on Iraq (1), (4) In order to ensure that the measures provided for in this Regulation are effective, this Regulation should enter into force immediately, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Whereas: HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: (1) In accordance with United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1483 (2003), Article 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 (2) made specific Article 1 arrangements as regards payments for petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas exported from Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 is hereby amended as follows: Iraq, whilst Article 10 of that Regulation made specific arrangements concerning immunity from legal proceedings of certain Iraqi assets. The specific arrangements on payments continue to apply, whilst the specific arrangements on immunities applied until 31 December 2007. 1. Article 2 shall be replaced by the following: (2) UNSC Resolution 1790 (2007) and Common Position 2008/186/CFSP provide that both of these specific ‘Article 2 arrangements are to apply until 31 December 2008. Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 should therefore be All proceeds from all export sales of petroleum, petroleum amended accordingly. products and natural gas from Iraq, as listed in Annex I, as of 22 May 2003 shall be deposited into the Development (1) See page 31 of this Official Journal. Fund for Iraq under the conditions set out in UNSC Reso- (2) OJ L 169, 8.7.2003, p. 6. Regulation as last amended by Regulation lution 1483 (2003) and in particular paragraphs 20 and 21 (EC) No 1791/2006 (OJ L 363, 20.12.2006, p. 1). thereof.’; L 59/2EN Official Journal of the European Union 4.3.2008 2. the following Article shall be inserted: 2. Any information that the provisions of this Regulation are being, or have been, circumvented shall be notified to the competent authorities indicated in the websites listed in ‘ Annex V, and, directly or through these competent autho- Article 4a rities, to the Commission.’; The prohibition set out in Article 4(3) and 4(4) shall not give rise to liability of any kind on the part of the natural or legal persons or entities concerned, if they did not know, and had 5. Article 8 shall be replaced by the following: no reasonable cause to suspect, that their actions would infringe this prohibition.’; ‘Article 8 1. Without prejudice to the applicable rules concerning 3. Article 6 shall be replaced by the following: reporting, confidentiality and professional secrecy and to the provisions of Article 284 of the Treaty, natural and legal persons, entities and bodies shall: ‘Article 6 1. By way of derogation from Article 4, the competent authorities indicated in the websites listed in Annex V, may (a) provide immediately any information which would authorise the release of frozen funds or economic resources, facilitate compliance with this Regulation, such as if all of the following conditions are met: accounts and amounts frozen in accordance with Article 4, to the competent authorities indicated in the websites listed in Annex V, in the Member State where they are resident or located, and, directly or through (a) the funds or economic resources are the subject of a these competent authorities, to the Commission; judicial, administrative or arbitral lien established prior to 22 May 2003 or of a judicial, administrative or arbitral judgment rendered prior to that date; (b) cooperate with the competent authorities indicated in the websites listed in Annex V, in any verification of this information. (b) the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a lien or recognised as valid in such a judgment, within the limits set by 2. Any information provided or received in accordance applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of with this Article shall be used only for the purposes for persons having such claims; which it was provided or received.’; (c) satisfying the claim is not in breach of Regulation (EEC) 6. the following Article shall be inserted: No 3541/92; and ‘Article 15a (d) recognising the lien or judgment is not contrary to 1. Member States shall designate the competent autho- public policy in the Member State concerned. rities referred to in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of this Regulation and identify them in, or through, the websites listed in Annex V. 2. In all other circumstances, funds, economic resources and proceeds of economic resources frozen pursuant to Article 4 shall only be unfrozen for the purpose of their 2. Member States shall notify the Commission of their transfer to the Development Fund for Iraq held by the competent authorities before 15 March 2008 and shall Central Bank of Iraq, under the conditions set out in notify it of any subsequent changes.’; UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).’; 7. Article 16 shall be replaced by the following: 4. Article 7 shall be replaced by the following: ‘Article 16 ‘Article 7 This Regulation shall apply: 1. The participation, knowingly and intentionally, in activities,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016
    International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 HJ van der Merwe Gerhard Kemp (eds) Strathmore University Press is the publisher of Strathmore University, Nairobi. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AFRICA, 2016 Copyright © Konrad Adenauer Stiftung ISBN 978-9966-021-17-5 Year of publication 2017 Cover design and Layout by John Agutu Email: [email protected] Printed by Colourprint Ltd., P.O. Box 44466 – 00100 GPO Nairobi CONTENTS List of editors and authors ............................................................................... v Abbreviations .................................................................................................. vii List of Cases .................................................................................................... xi List of Legal Instruments ................................................................................ xxi Preface ............................................................................................................. xxxiii Introduction ..................................................................................................... xxxv Annual Report 2016 .............................................................................. xli HJ van der Merwe Introduction ..................................................................................................... xlix Rapport Annuel 2016 ............................................................................ lvi HJ van der Merwe 1. The Present and Future of Universal Jurisdiction in Africa: Lessons
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros
    TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS Public Disclosure Authorized UNION OF COMOROS Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS i CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSOs Civil Society Organizations DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment DPO Development Policy Operation ECP Economic Citizenship Program EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INRAPE National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Fisheries, and the Environment LICs Low-income Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NGOs Non-profit Organizations PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PPP Public/Private Partnerships R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SOEs State-Owned Enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TFP Total Factor Productivity WDI World Development Indicators WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank members of the Comoros Country Team from all Global Practices of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as the many stakeholders in Comoros (government authorities, think tanks, academia, and civil society organizations, other development partners), who have contributed to the preparation of this document in a strong collaborative process (see Annex 1). We are grateful for their inputs, knowledge and advice. This report has been prepared by a team led by Carolin Geginat (Program Leader EFI, AFSC2) and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez (Country Economist, GMTA4).
    [Show full text]
  • The AU and the Search for Peace and Reconciliation in Burundi and Comoros
    Th e AU and the search for Peace and Reconciliation in Burundi and Comoros The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent mediation organisation dedicated to helping improve the global response to armed confl ict. It attempts to achieve this by mediating between warring parties and providing support to the broader mediation community. The HD Centre is driven by humanitarian values and its ultimate goal to reduce the consequences of violent confl ict, improve security, and contribute to the peaceful resolution of confl ict. It maintains a neutral stance towards the warring parties that it mediates between and, in order to maintain its impartiality it is funded by a variety of governments, private foundations and philanthropists. © Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 2011 Reproduction of all or part of this publication may be authorised only with written consent and acknowledgement of the source. Front cover photography: © African Union, 78th PSC Meeting on Comoros, 9 June 2007 | © Lt. TMN Turyamumanya / Afrian Union, TFG Soldiers in Somalia queue for their fi rst organised payment exercise supervised by AMISOM troops in Mogadishu | © African Union, Water provision to neighbouring villagers in Mogadishu Th e AU and the search for Peace and Reconciliation in Burundi and Comoros Table of contents Part I Foreword 02 Acknowledgements 04 — Burundi case study Introduction 05 Part I: Burundi case study 09 Part II Executive summary 09 1.1 Context 10 case study — Comoros 1.2 OAU/AU intervention in the Burundi crisis 12 Part II: Comoros
    [Show full text]
  • Comoros Mission Notes
    CIC_4.qxd:Peacekeeping_FM_qxd.qxd 1/16/09 4:57 PM Page 88 4.3 Comoros islands on 10 June 2007. But President Mo- AU Electoral and Security Assistance Mission to Comoros (MAES) hamed Bacar of Anjouan refused to relinquish power at the end of his term. Following the fed- eral government’s appointment of an interim • Authorization Date 9 May 2007 (Communiqué of the AU Peace and Security Council) president for Anjouan in early May 2007, forces • Strength as of Troops: 400 loyal to Bacar attacked federal offices and 30 September 2008 clashed with federal forces stationed there, killing two. That same month, in response to the continuing tensions, the African Union deployed its second peace operation to the island, MAES, Following the removal of renegade presi- with a mandate to provide security during the dent Mohamed Bacar of Anjouan in early 2008, election period. the tripartite government of Comoros was able While Grand Comore and Moheli chose to to complete the election cycle that started in delay their 10 June elections due to the unrest, 2007. The elections took place largely without Anjouan proceeded on schedule, with the defi- incident, thanks to support from the AU Elec- ant Bacar claiming 89 percent of the votes in an toral and Security Assistance Mission to Co- election deemed illegitimate by the interna- moros (MAES), deployed since 2007. tional community. In the face of Bacar’s con- When separatist violence broke out in Co- tinued intransigence, in late 2007 the African moros in 1997, the Organization of African Union broadened MAES’s mandate to include Unity (OAU) intervened by deploying the Ob- enforcement of travel and financial sanctions server Mission to Comoros (OMIC) in 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • The African Union´S Operations in the Comoros. MAES and Operation
    The African Union’s Operations in the Comoros MAES and Operation Democracy EMMA SVENssoN FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, is a mainly assignment-funded agency under the Ministry of Defence. The core activities are research, method and technology development, as well as studies conducted in the interests of Swedish defence and the safety and security of society. The organisation employs approximately 1000 personnel of whom about 800 are scientists. This makes FOI Sweden’s largest research institute. FOI gives its customers access to leading-edge expertise in a large number of fields such as security policy studies, defence and security related analyses, the assessment of various types of threat, systems for control and management of crises, protection against and management of hazardous substances, IT security and the potential offered by new sensors. FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency Phone: +46 8 55 50 30 00 www.foi.se FOI-R--2659--SE User report Defence Analysis Defence Analysis Fax: +46 8 55 50 31 00 ISSN 1650-1942 September 2008 SE-164 90 Stockholm Emma Svensson The African Union’s Opera- tions in the Comoros MAES and Operation Democracy FOI-R--2659--SE Titel Afrikanska Unionens insatser i Komorerna - MAES och Operation Democracy Title The African Union’s Operations in the Comoros – MAES and Operation Democracy Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--2659--SE Rapporttyp Användarrapport Report Type User report Månad/Month September Utgivningsår/Year 2008 Antal sidor/Pages 31 p ISSN ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet Forskningsområde 1. Analys av säkerhet och sårbarhet Programme area 1. Security, safety and vulnerability analysis Delområde 11 Forskning för regeringens behov Subcategory 11 Policy Support to the Government.
    [Show full text]
  • COMOROS- Health Partners Alert
    COMOROS- Health Partners Alert 11 March 2008 Background: African Union (AU) troops are arriving in the Indian Ocean archipelago of the Union of the Comoros to help the federal authorities gain control of the island of Anjouan, which voted in its own president, Mohamed Bacar, in June 2007. These elections have been declared null and void by the African Union and the Comoros constitutional court but Bacar has refused to stand down. The island has been under an AU imposed maritime embargo and targeted sanctions against the island's leadership since October 2007. The Comoros military has established a presence on nearby Moheli island in preparation for action and indicated its readiness to invade once AU troops are deployed. The US and France have indicated a willingness to support the actions of the Comoros government to gain control of Anjouan. Needs: With a total population of around 798,000, the Union of The Comoros, is one of the poorest countries in the world. From a health sector point of view, military action in Anjouan is likely to result in increased risk for injuries and diseases, overall burden on limited health human resources, disruption of already limited access to health services and access to clean water and proper sanitation. We anticipate that at least 40,000 people will be affected. Likely critical health needs include: care of injuries, surgical services and referral. In addition, there will be need for support to Primary Health Care including: early detection and treatment of endemic communicable diseases especially diarrhoeal diseases, respiratory infections and malaria; reproductive health care, management of severe malnutrition in children, drugs, supplies and equipment; water and sanitation including to health facilities; and mental health and psycho-social services.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratie Info-N
    LA LIBERTÉ D’ EXPRESSION NE S’ USE QUE QUAND ON NE S’ EN SERT PAS. N°_99_11e Année ISSN 1253-4706 Le bulletin bimestriel de SOS Démocratie aux Comores L’INTERVENTION MILITAIRE Mai—juin 2007 1,5 euros ou 300 F Comoriens DES FORCES COMORIENNES A L’ ILE AUTONOME D’ANJOUAN EST-ELLE JUSTIFIEE ? Éditorial par Abdou Rahamane AHMED, président de SOS Démocratie Comores Dix ans après le déclenchement du mouvement séparatiste à Anjouan, les comoriens et la communauté interna- tionale sont confrontés une fois de plus à une nouvelle crise provoquée surtout par Mohamed Bacar. Dans un premier temps, cet ancien président de l’île autonome d’Anjouan refuse de céder le pouvoir au prési- dent intérimaire (ancien président de l’assemblée de l’île). Il utilise à la fois la force et se base d’une manière vi- cieuse sur quelques références constitutionnelles afin de se maintenir au pouvoir. C’est lui qui choisit son an- cien ministre pour assumer l’intérim pendant la période électorale contrairement aux autres îles. Comment se fait-il que la FGA (Force de Gendarmerie Anjouanaise) empêche le président de l’Union de se rendre dans son île natale et tire sur la foule venue à l’aéroport pour l’accueillir ? Cela a provoqué au moins un mort et plusieurs blessés. Ceux qui ont donné l’ordre ne sont pas inquiétés de poursuites judiciaires. Pour- quoi ce pouvoir de l’île se permet de défier les autorités comoriennes et torturer les opposants politiques ? C’est parce qu’il reçoit le soutien des réseaux françafricains qui l’encouragent à déstabiliser l’état comorien.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Action Plan for Livingstone's Flying
    Conservation Action Plan for Livingstone’s Flying Fox A Strategy for an Endangered Species, a Diverse Forest, and the Comorian People anek Gr lise F. photo by E ox, ying f l f s vingstone’ i nt L a f n I Brent J. Sewall, Elise F. Granek, Mohamed F.E. Moutui, Will J. Trewhella, Paola F. Reason, Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark, Ishaka Saïd, J. Bryan Carroll, Will Masefield, Nassuri Toilibou, Michel Vély, Faissoili ben Mohadji, Anna T.C. Feistner, and Sue Wells Action Comores antenne Anjouan; Associations Ulangas de Mohéli et d’Anjouan; Ministère de l’Agriculture, de la Pêche, de l’Industrie, de l’Artisanat, et de l’Environnement de l’Union des Comores; Ministère de la Coopération, de l’Equipement, et de l’Environnement d’Anjouan; Ministère du Développement Rural et de l’Environnement de Mohéli; and the Centre National de Documentation et de Recherche Scientifique Action Comores - International, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Global Environmental Facility, United Nations Development Programme, and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Executive Summary Livingstone’s flying fox, Pteropus livingstonii, one of the world’s largest fruit bats, is endemic to two small islands of the Union of the Comoros in the western Indian Ocean. Its charismatic appearance and fascinating natural history have made it a cherished part of the Comorian national heritage, while its ecological role in seed dispersal and pollination are essential to the functioning of the Comorian montane rainforest ecosystem. This ecosystem is critical for the Comorian people, providing ecological services including erosion control, river maintenance, and the production of wood, fuel, food, fiber, and medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • L'île D'anjouan Figure De La Balkanisation De L'archipel Des Comores 1
    L'île d'Anjouan figure de la balkanisation de l'archipel des Comores 1 L'île d'Anjouan figure de la balkanisation de l'archipel des Comores François Taglioni Introduction 1 Le débarquement d'une force internationale à Anjouan le 25 mars 2008 est un nouvel épisode de l'instabilité politique chronique qui règne dans l'Union des Comores depuis son indépendance le 6 juillet 1975. Cette intervention de l'armée comorienne appuyée par des troupes sous l'égide de l'Union africaine a été justifiée par le désir du président de l'Union, M. Ahmed Abdallah Sambi, de mettre un terme aux desseins sécessionnistes du Président d'Anjouan, M. Mohamed Bacar. Cette situation, assez extrême dans le cas des Comores, est caractéristique des difficultés de l’intégration et de l’union politique dans les Etats multi-insulaires où la tentation du vide, autrement dit de se déprendre des autres composantes de l'Etat-nation, est grande. Les motivations de cette balkanisation archipélagique sont complexes et multiples, nous allons nous y attarder dans cet article. Un archipel marginalisé 2 L'archipel volcanique, au sens propre et figuré, des Comores i est géographiquement à l'interface de l'Afrique sud-orientale et de Madagascar (cf. Figure 1) et culturellement à la rencontre de mondes aussi divers que l'Afrique, l'Arabie, l'Europe ou encore l'Indonésie et le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Néanmoins, l'histoire et la géographie se sont conjuguées pour placer cet archipel en marge du développement politique, économique et des flux mondiaux. L'archipel est constitué de quatre îles, Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte et Mohéli.
    [Show full text]
  • Comoros: External Involvement in a Small Island State
    Programme Paper AFP 2009/1 Comoros: External Involvement in a Small Island State Simon Massey and Bruce Baker July 2009 Artistic optimism: newly painted mural in Mutsumudu, Nzwani, July 2008 The views expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of Chatham House, its staff, associates or Council. Chatham House is independent and owes no allegiance to any government or to any political body. It does not take institutional positions on policy issues. This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the authors and Chatham House should be credited, preferably with the date of the publication.. Comoros: External Involvement in a Small Island State, Simon Massey & Bruce Baker TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 3 Summary Points 4 1. Introduction 5 2. A Divided Union 7 Troubled Politics 9 The Nzwani crisis and the AU intervention 13 French influence 20 3. Widening Foreign Relations 25 4. Conclusion 29 www.chathamhouse.org.uk 2 Comoros: External Involvement in a Small Island State, Simon Massey & Bruce Baker ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is based on research conducted in Ngazidja, Nzwani and Maore in July 2008. The authors would like to thank the Faculty of Business, Environment and Society at Coventry University for funding the fieldwork, and especially Neil Forbes, Denise Skinner and Dave Nonn for supporting the project. Thanks also to the staff of the Africa Programme at Chatham House, especially Alex Vines, Tom Cargill and Elizabeth Donnelly, for their encouragement and invaluable assistance in preparing the paper. Finally, they would like to acknowledge the contribution of Comorians from government, the security sector, non-governmental organizations and private citizens who gave their time, knowledge and opinions.
    [Show full text]
  • Comoros Page 1 of 6
    Comoros Page 1 of 6 Comoros Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2004 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 28, 2005 The Union of Comoros is an emerging democracy ruled by President Azali Assoumani, who took power in a coup in 1999 and subsequently was elected in 2002 presidential elections described by international observers as free and fair. The country consists of three islands (Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli) and claims a fourth, Mayotte, which is governed by France. There were several active political parties, which were divided roughly into two groups: Those affiliated with the Union Government, and those affiliated with the governments of the individual islands. Legislative elections took place in March to elect island government assemblies on each of the three islands and, in April, to elect members of the National Assembly. International observers considered these elections to be free and fair. Work on the law to determine the power sharing structure between the island governments and Union Government had not been completed by year's end. The judiciary was independent. There are four separate security forces that reported to three different authorities: The Gendarmerie and Comorian Defense Force, which reported directly to Union President Azali and had responsibility for internal and external security on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli; a police force in and around the capital Moroni that reported to Union President Azali and was responsible for law enforcement and immigration; a local police force on Grande Comore that reported to Grande Comore President Abdou Soule Elbak; and a combined Gendarmerie and police force on the island of Anjouan that reported to Anjouan island president Colonel Mohamed Bacar.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOBAL INSIGHT Institute for Global Dialogue a Focus on Current Issues Issue 74 / November 2007
    GLOBAL INSIGHT INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL DIALOGUE a focus on current issues Issue 74 / November 2007 Unpacking the crisis in Anjouan: a thin line between independence and the struggle for power Timothy Othieno Dr Timothy Othieno is n 14 June 2007, the outgoing president of Anjouan Island of the Comoros archipelago, senior researcher in the OMohamed Bacar, inaugurated himself as president for a second term. This event Africa programme at occurred after Bacar held an unconstitutional election in which he was the only candidate, the Institute for Global and claimed to have received 90 per cent of the total vote. This process was subsequently Dialogue, Johannesburg. declared null and void by the Union of the Comoros government of Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (an Anjouanais) and the AU. In response, the international community, led by the EU, rejected the elections and called for fresh elections for the island of Anjouan. Earlier, on 10 June, the archipelago had held scheduled elections on two of its three islands – Grand Comore and Mohéli. However, after incidents of violence and intimidation occurred during the run-up to Anjouan’s election (which involved clashes between Union forces and Anjouan’s para-military forces that are reported to have left four or five people dead) the polls on the island were postponed until 17 June by the Union government. On 20 June, after his inauguration, Bacar named a government, while condemnation by the AU and EU mounted against him and the separatist Anjouanais government, with calls to dissolve the government and allow fresh elections to take place. The criticism against Bacar arose from his unconstitutional attempt to establish a government outside the structures of the Union of Comoros government, in violation of the agreements that established the Union in 2003.
    [Show full text]