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International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 HJ van der Merwe Gerhard Kemp (eds) Strathmore University Press is the publisher of Strathmore University, Nairobi. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AFRICA, 2016 Copyright © Konrad Adenauer Stiftung ISBN 978-9966-021-17-5 Year of publication 2017 Cover design and Layout by John Agutu Email: [email protected] Printed by Colourprint Ltd., P.O. Box 44466 – 00100 GPO Nairobi CONTENTS List of editors and authors ............................................................................... v Abbreviations .................................................................................................. vii List of Cases .................................................................................................... xi List of Legal Instruments ................................................................................ xxi Preface ............................................................................................................. xxxiii Introduction ..................................................................................................... xxxv Annual Report 2016 .............................................................................. xli HJ van der Merwe Introduction ..................................................................................................... xlix Rapport Annuel 2016 ............................................................................ lvi HJ van der Merwe 1. The Present and Future of Universal Jurisdiction in Africa: Lessons from the Hissène Habré case Bernard Ntahiraja ................................................................................ 1 2. The African Union and the International Criminal Court: What to do with Non-Party Heads of State Eki Yemisi Omorogbe ............................................................................ 37 3. State Defiance, Treaty Withdrawals and the Resurgence of African Sovereign Equality Claims: Historicising the 2016 AU-ICC Collective Withdrawal Strategy Humphrey Sipalla ................................................................................. 61 4. A Critique of the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights Evelyne Owiye Asaala .......................................................................... 101 iii iv International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 5. La nouvelle section pénale de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples: Un miroir aux alouettes? Eugene Bakama Bope ........................................................................... 129 6 Législation congolaise de mise en œuvre du Statut de Rome : Un pas en avant, un pas en arrière Pacifique Muhindo Magadju ................................................................ 165 7 The Principle of Complementarity in Practice: A Survey of Congolese Legislation Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Balingene Kahombo ............................................................................. 201 8 The Torture Chamber: African Participation in Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Jeanne-Mari Retief ............................................................................... 241 9 Kenya’s International Law Obligations towards Violence against Women: Minding the Implementation Gap Anne-Charlotte Recker ......................................................................... 267 Bibliography ................................................................................................... 301 LIST OF EDITORS AND AUTHORS ASAALA, Evelyne Owiye – LLB (Hons) (UON), LLM (UP), PhD Candidate University of Witwatersrand and Lecturer in the School of Law, University of Nairobi. BAKAMA Bope, Eugène – LLB, LLM (Congo Protestant University), PhD Candidate at the University of Aix – Marseille (France), Chairman of the Club des amis du droit du Congo, DRC. KAHOMBO, Balingene – Doctoral Candidate in Law, Freie Universität Berlin (Germany); Graduate of high studies in public law, public international law and international relations at the University of Kinshasa. Member of the Congolese Association for Public Policy (CAPP) and the ‘Centre de recherches et d’études sur l’état de droit en Afrique’ (CREEDA). KEMP, Gerhard – Professor of Criminal Law and International Criminal Law, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Director and Executive Committee Member, Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, Cape Town; Advocate of the High Court of South Africa. MUHINDO, Pacifique – Doctoral Candidate in in Law at the Faculty of Law and Criminology of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) / Brussels, Judge of the High Court of Bukavu and Head of Works at the Faculty of Law of the Catholic University of Bukavu. NTAHIRAJA, Bernard – Assistant Lecturer at the University of Burundi, PhD Student at Katolieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium). OMOROGBE, Eki – Lecturer in Law, University of Leicester, UK. Co-chair, Inter- national Law and Policy in Africa Network (ILPAN). v vi International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 RECKER, Anne-Charlotte – LLB, LLM (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Research Fellow, Strathmore Institute for Advanced Studies in International Criminal Justice (SIASIC), Deputy Director, Wildlife Crimes Research Centre. RETIEF, Jeanne-Mari – LLB, LLM (UP); Admitted attorney; Legal Project Facili- tator and Researcher, CALIBRICS. SIPALLA, Humphrey – B.Ed (Kenyatta), MA (UPeace). Managing Editor, Strathmore Law Journal. VAN DER MERWE, HJ – BAcc, LLB, LLM, LLD (Stellenbosch University); Teaching Fellow, SOAS University of London. ABBREVIATIONS ACHR American Convention on Human Rights ACJHPR African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights ACJHR African Court of Justice and Human Rights (Merged Court) ACmHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights ACRWC African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child AfCHPR African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights AGNU Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies ASP Rome Statute Assembly of State Parties AU African Union AUA Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the [African] Union BPFA Beijing Platform for Action CAJDHP Cour africaine de justice, des droits de l’homme et des peuples CAR Central African Republic CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrad- ing Treatment or Punishment CCPR UN Human Rights Committee CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CIA Central Intelligence Agency (US) CIJ Cour internationale de justice CPI Cour pénale internationale CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child vii viii International Criminal Justice in Africa, 2016 DEVAW Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women DPP Director of Public Prosecutions DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EAC East African Community EACJ East African Court of Justice ECOWAS CCJ Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EIDs enhanced interrogation techniques FGM female genital mutilation GWOT Global War on Terror HVDs high value detainees ICC International Criminal Court ICC-ASP Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCPR OP (First) Optional Protocol to the ICCPR ICGLR International Conference on the Great Lakes Region ICJ International Court of Justice ICL international criminal law ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Inter- national Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia) IMT International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea LHT Learned Helplessness Theory LRA Lord’s Resistance Army Abbreviations ix NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation OAU Organisation of African Unity ODPP Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (Kenya) OMS on-site medical service OTP Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC PADVA Protection against Domestic Violence Act, 2015 (Kenya) PEV post-election violence (Kenya) RDC (RD République démocratique du Congo Congo) SADC Southern Africa Development Community SADC T Tribunal of the Southern Africa Development Community SALC Southern Africa Litigation Centre SCSL Special Court for Sierra Leone SGBV sexual and gender-based violence SGNU Secrétaire Général des Nations unies SOA Sexual Offences Act (Kenya) TCID torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment TMI Tribunal militaire international de Nuremberg TPIR Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda TSSL Tribunal spécial pour la Sierra Leone UA Union africaine UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNSC United Nations Security Council US United States of America VAW violence against women LIST OF CASES International Court of Justice Application de la Convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime de gé- nocide (Bosnie-Herzégovine c Serbie et Monténégro), arrêt du 26 février 2007, avis consultatif, Recueil 1951, 15. Arrest warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium), Judgment, ICJ Reports 2002/Affaire relative au mandat d’arrêt du 11 avril 2000 (RDC c Belgique), 2002, CIJ, Rec 3. Certain criminal proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo v France), Order of 16 November 2010,
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