DOCSLIB.ORG

Roughness Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roughness Review Reducing Uncertainty in River Flood Conveyance Roughness Review Project W5A-057 July 2003 DEFRA / Environment Agency Flood and Coastal Defence R&D Programme Roughness Review By KarenFisher andHugh Dawson W5A-057 DEFRA Flood Management Division and Science Directorate Ergon House Cromwell House 17 Smith Square Dean Stanley Street London SW1P 3JR London SW1P 3JH Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive Aztec West Almondsbury Bristol BS32 4UD July 2003 R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW i Publishing organisation DEFRA c/oRCEG CeresHouse,2SearbyRoad, LINCOLN,LN24DW PeterAllenWilliams, R&DCoordinator,FloodManagementDivision, Tel:01522528297(GTN6209224) Email: [email protected] ©CrownCopyright July2003 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be produced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recordingor otherwise without the prior permissionof the DEFRA and theEnvironmentAgency. Statement of use This document provides informationfor DEFRA andEnvironment Agency Staff about consistent standards for flood defence and constitutes an R&D output from the Joint DEFRA/Environment Agency FloodandCoastalDefenceR&DProgramme. Contract Statement R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW ii CONTENTS Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 2. Review of literature - methods 2 2.1 Methodsconsideredforroughness evaluation 2 2.2 Methodstraditionallyusedforvegetatedchannels 8 2.3 Othervegetationroughnessrelationships 12 2.4 Useofroughnesscoefficientsforvegetation 15 3. Review of literature - data 16 3.1 Channelsubstrate 16 3.2 Channelfeaturesandobstructions 16 3.3 Alluvialroughness 20 3.4 Channelirregularities 24 3.5 Tidalreaches 25 3.6 Vegetativefeatures 25 3.7 Vegetationgrowthandmaintenance 27 3.8 Woodydebris 29 4. Review of field data 31 4.1 Dataavailabilityandusefulness 31 Data gaps 33 4.2 Furtherdatacollectionandresearch 33 4.3 Concurrentresearchprojects 34 5. Identification of river types and vegetation morpho-types 36 5.1 RiverHabitatSurvey -hydromorphologicalfeatures 36 5.2 RiverHabitatSurvey -vegetationmorphotypes 37 5.3 Conclusions 44 6. Roughness advisor 45 6.1 Methodsanddatausedintheroughnessadvisor 45 6.2 Limitationsofthe proposedmethod 47 6.3 Definitionoftypes 48 6.4 Vegetationgrowthandmaintenance 63 6.5 Derivationofroughness values 63 R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW iii 6.6 UpperandLower Uncertainty bands 68 6.7 Justificationofapproach 68 6.8 Summaryoftestingofsummationmethod 68 6.9 UseoftheRoughnessAdvisorintheConveyance EstimationSystem 70 7. River maintenance procedures 71 7.1 Basic principlesof plant biologyandmanagement 71 7.2 Theflowing-waterhabitat 72 7.3 Considerationoftraditionalandalternativetechniques 76 7.4 Weedcutting 78 7.5 Indirectcontrol 82 7.6 Techniquesused 85 8. Uncertainty 87 9. Bibliography 88 Tables Table1 Typicalexamplesofthe effectsofvegetationonwaterflow 9 Table2 Summaryof equationsforfloating/submergedvegetation 10 Table3 Outlineofmethodstodealwiththehydrauliceffectduetogroynes 20 Table4 Grasscoverretardance classes(USSoilConservationService,1954) 26 Table5 Listofavailablefielddatasitesandsources 31 Table6 ListofavailablefielddatasitesfromtheRHS 32 Table7 Typesofchannelandlikelyvegetationinthosechannels 38 Table8 DescriptionofRHSvegetationmorphotypes 39 Table9 Generalisedcriticallowervelocity for plant growth,typicalmeanvelocity and upperwashoutmeaninchannelvelocitiesforRHSvegetationmorphotypes44 Table10 Valuesofroughnessfor differenttypesof bedmaterial 49 Table11 Valuesofunitroughness forirregularitiessuchas bouldersandpoolsand riffles 51 Table12 Valuesofunitroughness forirregularitiessuchas urbantrashandgroyne fields 52 Table13 Tableofroughnessvaluesforaquaticvegetationby RHSmorphotype 53 Table14 Valuesoftotalchannelresistancefor NorthAmericanchannels 54 Table15 Valuesofunitroughness formanmade bankmaterials 55 Table16 Valuesofroughnessfor banksidevegetation 56 Table17 Valuesofroughnessforfloodplaingroundmaterial 57 R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW iv Table18 Valuesofroughnessforfloodplainirregularitiesandobstructions 58 Table19 Valuesofroughnessfor grassatdifferentretardanceclasses 59 Table20 Alternativevaluesofroughness for grass 60 Table21 Valuesofroughnessfor arangeofdifferentcrops 60 Table22 Valuesofroughnessfor cleananddirtyhedgerowsonthefloodplain 61 Table23 Valuesofroughnessfortreesandshrubs 62 Table24 CurrentControltechniquesforaquaticandmarginalvegetationbyRHS vegetationmorphotype,withcommentsonconsequencesandrecovery 80 Figures Figure1 ThevariationinManning’snvaluesfor bankfull dischargesinEnglishand NorthernIrelandrivers 7 1/2 Figure2 At-a-sitevariationsof(8/ f) withrelativesubmergenceifd/D 84 forfour combinationsofchannel slopeandstandarddeviationof bedmaterialsize distributionfor boulder-bedrivers(Bathurst,1994) 18 Figure3 Bedforms,ascategorisedbySimonandRichardson(1960) 23 Figure4 DistributionofRHSchannelvegetationtypesandspecies 43 Figure5 Exampleofasandbank 46 Figure6 Variationsinroughness valueswithdepthforthe RiverBlackwaterin NorthernIreland 47 Figure7 Exampleofatypicalweedgrowthcurve withandwithoutweedcutting 79 Appendices ReferenceTablesofdata used 134 Explanationofvariationofroughnesswithdepth 198 FullAbstractsRiver Flow2002 200 R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW v LIST OF SYMBOLS A Channelcrosssectionalarea(m 2) C Chezy coefficient(m 1/2 /s) D Pipediameter(m) d Waterdepth(m) d16 Sedimentsize bywhich16% by weightisfinerthan(mm) d35 Sedimentsize bywhich35% by weightisfinerthan(mm) d50 Sedimentsize bywhich50% by weightisfinerthan(mm) d84 Sedimentsize bywhich84% by weightisfinerthan(mm) d90 Sedimentsize bywhich90% by weightisfinerthan(mm) f Frictionfactor g Gravitationalacceleration(m/s 2) k ks Roughnessheight(mm) Kva Vegetationcoveragecoefficient N Manning’s roughnesscoefficient nb Roughboundary coefficient Q Discharge R Hydraulicradius Re Reynoldsnumber Sf Energyslope Sw Watersurfaceslope V Meanflowvelocity(m/s) U* Shearvelocity µ Dynamicviscosity ρ Densityof water(kg/m 3) R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW vi SUMMARY Under their joint R&D programme for Flood and Coastal Defence, DEFRA/Environment Agency are fundinga TargetedProgramme of research aimedat obtaining better predictions of floodwater levels. Inorder toachieve this,advances in knowledge andunderstanding made over the past three or four decades inthe estimation ofriverconveyancewill needtobeintroducedintoengineering practise. The project relates particularly towater level estimation,leading toa reductioninthe uncertainty in the prediction of flood levels and hence in the flood risk, and consequently facilitating better targeting of expenditure.The project will equally benefit the targeting of maintenance by providing better estimates of the effects of vegetation and its management. It is expected that the application of this knowledge from UK engineering research will have aninternational impact throughimproving the methods availabletoconsultants. The above objectives will be achieved through two core components of the new Conveyance Estimation System (CES) that will be developed: the Conveyance Generator and the Roughness Advisor. The CES is to be designed so that new knowledge from a parallel Strategic Programme of researchcanbe integratedintothe CESinduecourse. This report is the designatedoutput for TaskT4of the TargetedProgramme of research. The Task objective is to gather, validate and catalogue knowledge on the boundary roughness of UK rivers. The information obtained will then be incorporated in the CES, comprising the Roughness Advisor component. The techniques and underlying assumptions usedby the Roughness Advisor indetermining the boundary roughness of UKrivers aredescribedinthisreport. A review of the informationidentifiedinthe expert paper inthe Scoping Study of this project is provided. Inadditiona wider range of papers are reviewedincluding papers thathave beenpublishedorsourcedsincetheexpert paperwascompleted. There are a number of key references where the hydraulic data available is extensive. These papers have beenidentifiedandthe data withinthe papers forms the basis of the roughness review. Some of the data sets alsohave associated vegetationdata andthis is used alongside the hydraulic data to determine the roughness of vegetated and non vegetatedchannels. The report also incorporates a large body of knowledge related to vegetation in and aroundUK waterways andthe effect of this vegetationonwater flow. The various river types and vegetation morphotypes have been identified along with any information providedonsubstratecharacteristics. This roughness review document reviews the various methods and techniques of estimating roughness. The approach selected for use within the roughness advisor is basedonManning’s nroughness.A unit roughness is appliedfor different types across the channel andfloodplainandcombines them in a suitable manner withina type.The combinedroughness value is thenfedintothe conveyance generator. The processes R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW vii and justifications for selection of this technique and the data used in the roughness advisorare given.Data gaps andfurtherresearchneedsaresuggested. In addition to the review of channel and vegetative roughness, information is also incorporated on river maintenance procedures. This includes the basic principles of plant biology andmanagement; traditional andalternative techniques of plant control, alongwithadviceonweedcutting. Overall this roughness review report provides the technical background informationfor theRoughnessAdvisor. R&D ROUGHNESS REVIEW viii 1. INTRODUCTION This document gives the background tothe papers andinformationaccessed,collated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Hyporheic Handbook a Handbook on the Groundwater–Surface Water Interface and Hyporheic Zone for Environment Managers
    The Hyporheic Handbook A handbook on the groundwater–surface water interface and hyporheic zone for environment managers Integrated catchment science programme Science report: SC050070 The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research funded by NERC and supported by the Environment Agency’s Science Programme. Published by: Dissemination Status: Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Released to all regions Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD Publicly available Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 www.environment-agency.gov.uk Keywords: hyporheic zone, groundwater-surface water ISBN: 978-1-84911-131-7 interactions © Environment Agency – October, 2009 Environment Agency’s Project Manager: Joanne Briddock, Yorkshire and North East Region All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Science Project Number: SC050070 The views and statements expressed in this report are those of the author alone. The views or statements Product Code: expressed in this publication do not necessarily SCHO1009BRDX-E-P represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for such views or statements. This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, which is 100% post consumer waste and is totally chlorine free.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
    9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frome 8, Piddle Catchmentmanagement Plan 88 Consultation Report
    N 6 L A “ S o u t h THE FROME 8, PIDDLE CATCHMENTMANAGEMENT PLAN 88 CONSULTATION REPORT rsfe ENVIRONMENT AGENCY NATIONAL LIBRARY & INFORMATION SERVICE ANGLIAN REGION Kingfisher House. Goldhay Way. Orton Goldhay, Peterborough PE2 5ZR NRA National Rivers Authority South Western Region M arch 1995 NRA Copyright Waiver This report is intended to be used widely and may be quoted, copied or reproduced in any way, provided that the extracts are not quoted out of context and that due acknowledgement is given to the National Rivers Authority. Published March 1995 ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Hill IIII llll 038007 FROME & PIDDLE CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN CONSULTATION REPORT YOUR VIEWS The Frome & Piddle is the second Catchment Management Plan (CMP) produced by the South Wessex Area of the National Rivers Authority (NRA). CMPs will be produced for all catchments in England and Wales by 1998. Public consultation is an important part of preparing the CMP, and allows people who live in or use the catchment to have a say in the development of NRA plans and work programmes. This Consultation Report is our initial view of the issues facing the catchment. We would welcome your ideas on the future management of this catchment: • Hdve we identified all the issues ? • Have we identified all the options for solutions ? • Have you any comments on the issues and options listed ? • Do you have any other information or ideas which you would like to bring to our attention? This document includes relevant information about the catchment and lists the issues we have identified and which need to be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Levels the Majority of Groundwater Sites in Wessex Are ‘Normal’ Or ‘Above Normal’ for the Time of Year
    Monthly water situation report Wessex Area Summary – February 2016 February rainfall was 136% of the long term average (LTA) but was distributed mainly in the first 8 days and then around mid month with the last half of the month being dry. The last 3 months have all had above average rainfall resulting in the 3 month total being 132% LTA. Rivers responded to the rainfall then were predominantly in recession from mid month. Soils remain wet close to capacity. Most groundwater sites have had significant recharge and are all normal or above for the time of year. Reservoir storage is almost at its maximum; Bristol water is at 99% of the total reservoir storage and Wessex Water is at capacity. Rainfall The start of the month was wet, 63% of Februarys rainfall fell within the first eight days. The rest of the month was mostly dry apart from a couple of wet days around the 17th. The average rainfall total across the Wessex Area was 136% of LTA (88 mm). Rainfall map and graph Soil Moisture Deficit The soil is wet, as expected for the time of year. The average soil moisture deficit across Wessex on 1 March 2016 was 1.08 mm, well below the LTA of 2.96 mm. SMD graph and maps River Flows River flows across the Wessex area were ‘exceptionally high’ around 6 February and the 18 February in response to the precipitation received at the start and middle of the month. Many of the stations in the north and along the southern edge of Wessex are ‘above normal’ or experiencing flows above the LTA.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphological Change and River Rehabilitation Alterra Is the Main Dutch Centre of Expertise on Rural Areas and Water Management
    Geomorphological Change and River Rehabilitation Alterra is the main Dutch centre of expertise on rural areas and water management. It was founded 1 January 2000. Alterra combines a huge range of expertise on rural areas and their sustainable use, including aspects such as water, wildlife, forests, the environment, soils, landscape, climate and recreation, as well as various other aspects relevant to the development and management of the environment we live in. Alterra engages in strategic and applied research to support design processes, policymaking and management at the local, national and international level. This includes not only innovative, interdisciplinary research on complex problems relating to rural areas, but also the production of readily applicable knowledge and expertise enabling rapid and adequate solutions to practical problems. The many themes of Alterra’s research effort include relations between cities and their surrounding countryside, multiple use of rural areas, economy and ecology, integrated water management, sustainable agricultural systems, planning for the future, expert systems and modelling, biodiversity, landscape planning and landscape perception, integrated forest management, geoinformation and remote sensing, spatial planning of leisure activities, habitat creation in marine and estuarine waters, green belt development and ecological webs, and pollution risk assessment. Alterra is part of Wageningen University and Research centre (Wageningen UR) and includes two research sites, one in Wageningen and one on the island of Texel. Geomorphological Change and River Rehabilitation Case Studies on Lowland Fluvial Systems in the Netherlands H.P. Wolfert ALTERRA SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS 6 ALTERRA GREEN WORLD RESEARCH, WAGENINGEN 2001 This volume was also published as a PhD Thesis of Utrecht University Promotor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring Streams in an Urbanizing World
    Freshwater Biology (2007) 52, 738–751 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01718.x Restoring streams in an urbanizing world EMILY S. BERNHARDT* AND MARGARET A. PALMER† *Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A. †Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. The world’s population is increasingly urban, and streams and rivers, as the low lying points of the landscape, are especially sensitive to and profoundly impacted by the changes associated with urbanization and suburbanization of catchments. 2. River restoration is an increasingly popular management strategy for improving the physical and ecological conditions of degraded urban streams. In urban catchments, management activities as diverse as stormwater management, bank stabilisation, channel reconfiguration and riparian replanting may be described as river restoration projects. 3. Restoration in urban streams is both more expensive and more difficult than restoration in less densely populated catchments. High property values and finely subdivided land and dense human infrastructure (e.g. roads, sewer lines) limit the spatial extent of urban river restoration options, while stormwaters and the associated sediment and pollutant loads may limit the potential for restoration projects to reverse degradation. 4. To be effective, urban stream restoration efforts must be integrated within broader catchment management strategies. A key scientific and management challenge is to establish criteria for determining when the design options for urban river restoration are so constrained that a return towards reference or pre-urbanization conditions is not realistic or feasible and when river restoration presents a viable and effective strategy for improving the ecological condition of these degraded ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Estuary Assessment
    Appendix I Estuary Assessment Poole and Christchurch Bays SMP2 9T2052/R1301164/Exet Report V3 2010 Haskoning UK Ltd on behalf of Bournemouth Borough Council Poole & Christchurch Bays SMP2 Sub-Cell 5f: Estuary Processes Assessment Date: March 2009 Project Ref: R/3819/01 Report No: R.1502 Poole & Christchurch Bays SMP2 Sub-Cell 5f: Estuary Processes Assessment Poole & Christchurch Bays SMP2 Sub-Cell 5f: Estuary Processes Assessment Contents Page 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Report Structure...........................................................................................................1 1.2 Literature Sources........................................................................................................1 1.3 Extent and Scope.........................................................................................................2 2. Christchurch Harbour ....................................................................................................2 2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................2 2.2 Geology........................................................................................................................4 2.3 Holocene to Recent Evolution......................................................................................4 2.4 Present Geomorphology ..............................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Urban Stream Restoration and Flood Protection with Principles of Natural Channel Design and Fluvial Geomorphology
    2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27 - July 1, 2010 Innovative Urban Stream Restoration and Flood Protection with Principles of Natural Channel Design and Fluvial Geomorphology David Bidelspach PE, MS MEng, [email protected], 919-218-0864 754 Mount Mahogany Livermore, CO 80536 Stable streams are defined to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The natural processes of a stream will result in a channel that is not set in place but has a natural adjustment, bank migration rates, erosion and deposition. Changes is the flow regime, sediment supply, slope and substrate can cause local channel instabilities that can lead to systematic reach wide instability and possible channel evolutions. Many urban stream restoration projects can be good examples and experimentations of the effect of changes in flow regimes that affect sedimentation and erosion rates. Urban Streams are always being adjusted by backwater, changes in sediment supply, increased runoff, canalization, removal of vegetation and bed armoring. Any stream restoration should evaluate the causes of channel instability and the potential for the channel to recover and return to a dynamic equilibrium. Urban streams systems typically have channel instability and enlargement that can result in risk to structures, lose of land, and increase flood stage. Urban channels have also been widened with the goal of increased flood conveyance, which can lead to long term aggradation and channel instability. The major goal of urban stream restoration projects are usually trying to create a stable restored channel with unstable and conflicting boundary conditions. Other goals of urban stream restoration projects include limiting flood risk, increase public use, increase habitat, property protection, mitigation and aesthetics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Point Source Pollution on an Urban River, the River
    The impact of point source pollution on an urban river, the River Medlock, Greater Manchester A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2016 Cecilia Medupin 1 Table of Contents The impact of point source pollution on an urban river, the River Medlock, Greater Manchester ...... 1 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ....................................................................................................... 1 2016 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Cecilia Medupin ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Words and meanings ................................................................................................................................. 5 Declaration ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Water Situation Report Wessex Area
    Monthly water situation report Wessex Area Summary – November 2020 Wessex received ‘normal’ rainfall in November at 84% LTA (71 mm). There were multiple bands of rain throughout November; the most notable event occurred on the 14 November, when 23% of the month’s rain fell. The last week of November was generally dry. The soil moisture deficit gradually decreased throughout November, ending the month on 7 mm, which is higher than the deficit this time last year, but lower than the LTA. When compared to the start of the month, groundwater levels at the end of November had increased at the majority of reporting sites. Rising groundwater levels in the Chalk supported the groundwater dominated rivers in the south, with the majority of south Wessex reporting sites experiencing ‘above normal’ monthly mean river flows, whilst the surface water dominated rivers in the north had largely ‘normal’ monthly mean flows. Daily mean flows generally peaked around 14-16 November in response to the main rainfall event. The dry end to November caused a recession in flows, with all bar two reporting sites ending the month with ‘normal’ daily mean flows. Total reservoir storage increased, with Wessex Water and Bristol Water ending November with 84% and 83%, respectively. Rainfall Wessex received 71 mm of rainfall in November (84% LTA), which is ‘normal’ for the time of year. All hydrological areas received ‘normal’ rainfall bar the Axe (69% LTA; 61 mm) and West Somerset Streams (71% LTA; 79 mm), which had ‘below normal’ rainfall. The highest rainfall accumulations (for the time of year) were generally in the east and south.
    [Show full text]
  • Sampling Density in Stratified Sediment Bedforms for Estimating Surface-Area Weighed Average Concentrations
    How Much is Too Much? Sampling Density in Stratified Sediment Bedforms for Estimating Surface-Area Weighed Average Concentrations Evan Thomas, PE Senior Environmental Engineer WEDA Virtual Summit June 15, 2021 woodplc.com Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – Michigan Designated a Superfund Site in 1990 and placed on NPL due to the presence of PCBs in the river’s fish, sediment, and surface water 80 miles of the Kalamazoo River, 1,000s of acres of lakes and floodplain Site split into seven areas for sequential Supplemental Remedial Investigations (SRI)/Feasibility Studies (FS), Remedial Design (RD), and Remedial Action (RA) 2 A presentation by Wood. WEDA June 2021 Area 5 • 9.1- mile reach with normal flow near 1,100 cfs • 110-acre lake • Trowbridge and Allegan City Dam (RM 35.9 to 44.8) Area 6 Beginning Downstream Extent of Channelized Flow Area 5 Beginning Upstream Extent of Impounded Lake 3 A presentation by Wood. WEDA June 2021 Sampling objectives • Unbiased investigation strategy that is defensible, reproducible and provides a robust dataset for statistical evaluation at the level needed to make decisions in a Feasibility Study (FS) and inform future remedial design sampling • Optimize sampling plan by using – higher density sampling where variance is higher to reduce uncertainty – lower density sampling where variance is less and uncertainty is already low 4 A presentation by Wood. WEDA June 2021 Area 5 timeline Spring 2017 Fall 2017 Summer 2018 Summer 2019 Summer 2020 Anticipated 2022 Recon I Recon II Phase I Phase II SRI FS ► Begin CSM ► Sample to ► Describe Nature ► Collect bathymetry support SRI/FS and Extent ► Identify potential risk (SWAC) ► Identify bedform ► Develop Remedial groups and sampling ► Fill remaining Alternatives density for Phase I data gaps as ► Collect physical data necessary 5 A presentation by Wood.
    [Show full text]
  • DORSET's INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Ulh 17
    AfarsWs\?l ) •O ITNDUSTRIALONDUS TR I AL • 7/ 'rl/ f / 71 TO l) / vlJI/ b 1-/ |, / -] ) I ) ll ,, ' I ilittu It ,rtlll r ffi I ll I E l! ll l[! ll il- c t!H I I I H ltI --'t li . PETER. STANIER' SeIISIIOG IDVIIUIH IDVIIUIH DORSET'SIVIUISNONI INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Jeled Peter Stanier JaruEls I r \ • r IT, LaS \-z'- rnol rnol 'r.pJV 'r.pJV lllPno lllPno Lano'ss,our1 Arch, Tout Quarry. INTRODUCTIONNOII)NCOU1NI lHt lINnol lINnol ,o ,o ;er'r1snpu| ]asJoc ]asJoc eql eql qlrr' qlrr' sr sr pa!.raluo) pa!.raluo) lSoloaeq:.re lSoloaeq:.re dn dn e e uorsr^ THE COUNTY of Dorset summonssuouJLLrns up a Industrial archaeology is concerned with the vision 1o lP.rn.r lP.rn.r ]sed ]sed re] plaleru sr;er )llllpr )llllpr ruorl ruorl lllpoedsa pa^ouJar pa^ouJar ue:,futsnpur, 'seqr^rpe s,ueul s,ueul puPl puPl far removed from)pq) 'industry': an idyllic rural land- material relics of man's past activities, especially lnq lnq op op u aq] u aq1 ur qlrM'edels pepoo^ pepoo^ su,^ su,^ qtuaalaLr qtuaalaLr Suruur8aq 'lrnluer 'lrnluer -rale^^ -rale^^ 'selP^ 'selP^ scape, with chalk downs, wooded vales, water- in the nineteenth century, but beginning in1o the aqt aqt ue ue Lnlua: Lnlua: d d aql aql anbsarnp anbsarnp sa8ell^ oppau] pouad pouad e8eur e8eur prur s,^ s,^ qluaatq8ra qluaatq8ra meadows andpLre picturesque villages — an image mid-eighteenth century — the period of the le-r]snpu lq lq jo jo eqt eqt se se euros euros qrns Ll)nLu seu.roqf seu.roqf s8uqr.r,,rl s8uqr.r,,rl pa)uequa pa)uequa 'serrlsnpllr 'serrlsnpllr much enhanced by the writings of Thomas Industrial
    [Show full text]