Restoring Streams in an Urbanizing World
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The Hyporheic Handbook a Handbook on the Groundwater–Surface Water Interface and Hyporheic Zone for Environment Managers
The Hyporheic Handbook A handbook on the groundwater–surface water interface and hyporheic zone for environment managers Integrated catchment science programme Science report: SC050070 The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research funded by NERC and supported by the Environment Agency’s Science Programme. Published by: Dissemination Status: Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Released to all regions Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD Publicly available Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 www.environment-agency.gov.uk Keywords: hyporheic zone, groundwater-surface water ISBN: 978-1-84911-131-7 interactions © Environment Agency – October, 2009 Environment Agency’s Project Manager: Joanne Briddock, Yorkshire and North East Region All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Science Project Number: SC050070 The views and statements expressed in this report are those of the author alone. The views or statements Product Code: expressed in this publication do not necessarily SCHO1009BRDX-E-P represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for such views or statements. This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, which is 100% post consumer waste and is totally chlorine free. -
Prp Stream Bank Restoration What You Need to Know
PRP STREAM BANK RESTORATION WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW JOHNNA ZONA Streams Streams form a continuous system of pools, riffles, bars and curves to absorb the energy of the flow They are rarely perfectly straight. Water naturally meanders from one side of a channel to the other, and soil, sand and gravel are washed away from the areas where the current is fastest and deposited where the water moves more slowly Adjustments a stream makes creates a balance between the amount of water flowing in the channel, the amount of sediment it is transporting through the channel, and the changing slope and size of the channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDjcT8-xsXk Fish and Wildlife Habitat Values of Streams A healthy aquatic population in a stream depends on a variety of suitable habitats, adequate food supply and clean water dFish an organism need a mixture of habitats such as fast flowing riffles, deep pools and cool water, rocks, snags and overhanging vegetation Streamside vegetation is important as it provides a food supply, shade to cool the water and cover for roosting, resting/nesting and protection Stream Blockages Debris jams, log, tires, construction materials and things like shopping carts can cause streambank erosion by deflecting flows off of banks. Municipalities and homeowners can help remove the obstructions and reduce potential bank erosion problems and increase the capacity of the stream channel to carry flows without over topping Stream Blockages fRemoval o debris from a channel should be done without altering the stream or banks, including vegetation. If it can be removed from the side by “picking” it out without entering the stream, a permit is not required. -
Stream Restoration, a Natural Channel Design
Stream Restoration Prep8AICI by the North Carolina Stream Restonltlon Institute and North Carolina Sea Grant INC STATE UNIVERSITY I North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. Contents Introduction to Fluvial Processes 1 Stream Assessment and Survey Procedures 2 Rosgen Stream-Classification Systems/ Channel Assessment and Validation Procedures 3 Bankfull Verification and Gage Station Analyses 4 Priority Options for Restoring Incised Streams 5 Reference Reach Survey 6 Design Procedures 7 Structures 8 Vegetation Stabilization and Riparian-Buffer Re-establishment 9 Erosion and Sediment-Control Plan 10 Flood Studies 11 Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring 12 References and Resources 13 Appendices Preface Streams and rivers serve many purposes, including water supply, The authors would like to thank the following people for reviewing wildlife habitat, energy generation, transportation and recreation. the document: A stream is a dynamic, complex system that includes not only Micky Clemmons the active channel but also the floodplain and the vegetation Rockie English, Ph.D. along its edges. A natural stream system remains stable while Chris Estes transporting a wide range of flows and sediment produced in its Angela Jessup, P.E. watershed, maintaining a state of "dynamic equilibrium." When Joseph Mickey changes to the channel, floodplain, vegetation, flow or sediment David Penrose supply significantly affect this equilibrium, the stream may Todd St. John become unstable and start adjusting toward a new equilibrium state. -
Urban and Suburban Stream Restoration Structures Examples, Guidance, Construction and Long-Term Performance
Urban and Suburban Stream Restoration Structures Examples, guidance, construction and long-term performance 3 Rivers Wet Weather Stream Restoration Symposium June 22, 2018 Kelly Lennon, PE — Vice President — Water Area Manager for Maryland and Delaware — 20-years of professional experience in stream & ecosystem restoration — WSP National Technical Leader for Watershed Management — Stream and Outfall Implementation lead for MDSHA’s TMDL program, currently managing over $125 million in stream/outfall restoration design and construction projects. Insert Presentation Title Here Robin Ernst — President of Meadville Land Service, Inc. — Partner of Ernst Seeds — Installation of native vegetation for 25 years 3 Steve Fabian — Estimator and Project Manager at Meadville Land Service, Inc. — 15 years of experience in stream restoration Meadville Land Service, Inc. — A Mobile Restoration Company — 50 miles of stream constructed and/or restored — 90 acres of wetland constructed and/or enhanced — 5,500 acres of specialty seeding — 33,000 LF of bioengineering structures — 4 120,000 live stakes — 200,000 trees and shrubs — Celebrating 20 years of success thanks to the great people surrounding us Constructed Riffles • Constructed analog for natural river forms • Riffle – run – pool – glide • Hydraulic and grade control • Void space / subsurface flow • Habitat for aquatic organisms • Threshold sizing of riffle armor • Complexity of design relative to project goals Constructed Riffle with downstream sill and floodplain bench Constructed Riffles & Live Stakes -
1 Manitou Stream
LEAFLET 20 • May 2010 Manitou Stream Photo by Paul Zedler How Best to Manage “UrBan streaM syndroMe” Improving water quality: site with Arboretum staff on 23 April 2010. Accompanying her was another noted Newer, greener approaches stream ecologist, Dr. Bobbi Peckarsky, Across the nation, 37,099 river-restoration projects cost their Emeritus Professor from Cornell U., proponents and taxpayers an average of over $1 billion per now Honorary Fellow in Zoology at year (Bernhardt et al. 2005). Most had the goal of improving UW-Madison. water quality, but only a tiny minority had any monitoring How might Manitou Stream be data to allow comparison of benefits to costs—in either dollars rehabilitated? In North Carolina, or unintended impacts to the environment (ibid.). Among the Bernhardt’s data for engineered most degraded rivers and streams are those that flow through approaches to abating the urban stream urban areas. In Bernhardt’s terminology, urban streams are Dr. Emily Bernhardt solution indicate an average cost of over $1 “disconnected from their floodplains and hyperconnected to their million per project, with minimal benefit watersheds,” through drainage channels and stormwater pipes. (ecosystem services) when they fail to reconnect the stream to its The Arboretum’s Manitou Stream, near the intersection floodplain. Typical projects aim to remove obstructions to flow, of Nakoma Road and Manitou Way, fits this description. grade the banks (which releases sediment during construction), Following are answers to three questions: How would ecologists then stabilize streambeds and banks with riprap and turf restore Manitou Stream; how do engineers propose to control reinforcement matting. -
Innovative Urban Stream Restoration and Flood Protection with Principles of Natural Channel Design and Fluvial Geomorphology
2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27 - July 1, 2010 Innovative Urban Stream Restoration and Flood Protection with Principles of Natural Channel Design and Fluvial Geomorphology David Bidelspach PE, MS MEng, [email protected], 919-218-0864 754 Mount Mahogany Livermore, CO 80536 Stable streams are defined to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The natural processes of a stream will result in a channel that is not set in place but has a natural adjustment, bank migration rates, erosion and deposition. Changes is the flow regime, sediment supply, slope and substrate can cause local channel instabilities that can lead to systematic reach wide instability and possible channel evolutions. Many urban stream restoration projects can be good examples and experimentations of the effect of changes in flow regimes that affect sedimentation and erosion rates. Urban Streams are always being adjusted by backwater, changes in sediment supply, increased runoff, canalization, removal of vegetation and bed armoring. Any stream restoration should evaluate the causes of channel instability and the potential for the channel to recover and return to a dynamic equilibrium. Urban streams systems typically have channel instability and enlargement that can result in risk to structures, lose of land, and increase flood stage. Urban channels have also been widened with the goal of increased flood conveyance, which can lead to long term aggradation and channel instability. The major goal of urban stream restoration projects are usually trying to create a stable restored channel with unstable and conflicting boundary conditions. Other goals of urban stream restoration projects include limiting flood risk, increase public use, increase habitat, property protection, mitigation and aesthetics. -
The Impact of Point Source Pollution on an Urban River, the River
The impact of point source pollution on an urban river, the River Medlock, Greater Manchester A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2016 Cecilia Medupin 1 Table of Contents The impact of point source pollution on an urban river, the River Medlock, Greater Manchester ...... 1 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ....................................................................................................... 1 2016 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Cecilia Medupin ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Words and meanings ................................................................................................................................. 5 Declaration ............................................................................................................................................... -
Guidance for Stream Restoration and Rehabilitation
United States Department of Agriculture Guidance for Stream Restoration and Rehabilitation Steven E. Yochum Forest National Stream & Technical Note Service Aquatic Ecology Center TN-102.2 May 2016 Yochum, Steven E. 2016. Guidance for Stream Restoration and Rehabilitation. Technical Note TN-102.2. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center Cover Photos: Top-right: Illinois River, North Park, Colorado. Photo by Steven Yochum Bottom-left: Whychus Creek, Oregon. Photo by Paul Powers ABSTRACT A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing guidance for stream restoration and rehabilitation. The available resources are diverse, reflecting the wide ranging approaches used and expertise required to develop stream restoration projects. To help practitioners sort through all of this information, a technical note has been developed to provide a guide to the wealth of information available. The document structure is primarily a series of short literature reviews followed by a hyperlinked reference list for the reader to find more information on each topic. The primary topics incorporated into this guidance include general methods, an overview of stream processes and restoration, case studies, and methods for data compilation, preliminary assessments, and field data collection. Analysis methods and tools, and planning and design guidance for specific restoration features, are also provided. This technical note is a bibliographic repository of information available to assist professionals with the process of planning, analyzing, and designing stream restoration and rehabilitation projects. U.S. Forest Service NSAEC TN-102.2 Fort Collins, Colorado Guidance for Stream Restoration & Rehabilitation i of v May 2016 ADVISORY NOTE Techniques and approaches contained in this handbook are not all-inclusive, nor universally applicable. -
Synthetic Chemicals As Agents of Global Change
CONCEPTS AND QUESTIONS 84 Synthetic chemicals as agents of global change Emily S Bernhardt1*†, Emma J Rosi2†, and Mark O Gessner3,4 Though concerns about the proliferation of synthetic chemicals – including pesticides – gave rise to the modern environmental movement in the early 1960s, synthetic chemical pollution has not been included in most analyses of global change. We examined the rate of change in the production and variety of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other synthetic chemicals over the past four decades. We compared these rates to those for well- recognized drivers of global change such as rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nutrient pollu- tion, habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss. Our analysis showed that increases in synthetic chemical production and diversification, particularly within the developing world, outpaced these other agents of global change. Despite these trends, mainstream ecological journals, ecological meetings, and ecological funding through the US National Science Foundation devote less than 2% of their journal pages, meeting talks, and science funding, respectively, to the study of synthetic chemicals. Front Ecol Environ 2017; 15(2): 84–90, doi:10.1002/fee.1450 hen Rachel Carson wrote “The most alarming of all have been recognized as one of the critical markers of Wman’s assaults upon the environment is the what defines the modern era as the Anthropocene contamination of air, earth, water, and sea with dangerous (Waters et al. 2016), a new geologic epoch. Many of these and even lethal materials” (Carson 1962), she raised grave novel chemical entities are pesticides and pharmaceuti- concerns about the proliferation of pesticides in the US. cals – organic chemicals that are specifically designed to At that time there were 200 pesticides on the US market, kill or prevent the growth of unwanted organisms (weeds, and the World Health Organization estimated that nearly pathogens, pests), or to interfere with organismal bio- one million metric tons of pesticides were being applied to chemistry (UNEP 2013). -
Stream Restoration Effects on Hydraulic Exchange, Storage and Alluvial Aquifer Discharge
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2017 Stream restoration effects on hydraulic exchange, storage and alluvial aquifer discharge Christine M. Brissette University of Montana, Missoula Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Part of the Water Resource Management Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Brissette, Christine M., "Stream restoration effects on hydraulic exchange, storage and alluvial aquifer discharge" (2017). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 10992. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10992 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STREAM RESTORATION EFFECTS ON HYDRAULIC EXCHANGE, STORAGE AND ALLUVIAL AQUIFER DISCHARGE By CHRISTINE MARIE BRISSETTE Bachelor of Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 2008 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Forestry The University of Montana Missoula, MT Official Graduation Date May 2016 Approved by: Scott Whittenburg, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Dr. Kelsey Jencso, Chair Department of Forest Management Dr. W. Payton Gardner, Co-Chair Department of Geosciences Dr. Lisa Eby Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Dr. H. Maurice Valett Division of Biological Sciences Brissette, Christine, M.S., Spring 2016 Forestry Stream restoration effects on hydraulic exchange, storage and alluvial aquifer discharge Chair: Dr. -
Chapter 11: Rosgen Geomorphic Channel Design
United States Department of Part 654 Stream Restoration Design Agriculture National Engineering Handbook Natural Resources Conservation Service Chapter 11 Rosgen Geomorphic Channel Design Chapter 11 Rosgen Geomorphic Channel Design Part 654 National Engineering Handbook Issued August 2007 Cover photo: Stream restoration project, South Fork of the Mitchell River, NC, three months after project completion. The Rosgen natural stream design process uses a detailed 40-step approach. Advisory Note Techniques and approaches contained in this handbook are not all-inclusive, nor universally applicable. Designing stream restorations requires appropriate training and experience, especially to identify conditions where various approaches, tools, and techniques are most applicable, as well as their limitations for design. Note also that prod- uct names are included only to show type and availability and do not constitute endorsement for their specific use. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a com- plaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washing- ton, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 (voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). -
Aquatic Resource Restoration and Capacity Building Along Central and Upper Reaches of Shoal Creek, Southwest Missouri
Land Learning Foundation • The Nature Conservancy • Midwest Waters SHOAL CREEK WATERSHED INITIATIVE Aquatic Resource Restoration and Capacity Building Along Central and Upper Reaches of Shoal Creek, Southwest Missouri 2021 - 2024 This project is designed and managed through Riverlaw.org. For more information, please write [email protected] or call 202-725-5700 Table of Contents I. Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 A. Consortium Approach .................................................................................................................... 1 B. Consortium Objectives ................................................................................................................... 1 C. Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Initiative Description ......................................................................................................... 1 A. Integrated Approach to Restoration and Sustainability .................................................................... 1 1. Initiative Element One: Direct Restoration Interventions .......................................................... 2 2. Initiative Element Two: Complementary Outreach and Education Programs ............................. 4 3. Initiative Impact Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................