DOCSLIB.ORG

North Africa and Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
North Africa and Europe North Africa and Europe International Cooperation, Labour Migration and Development Impact Christoph Schumacher North Africa and Europe . North Africa and Europe are geographical neighbours. Both share a long common history which shall facilitate a mutual understanding North Africa and Europe share a natural and reciprocative partnership Both sides can profit – it is a win-win situation North Africa and Europe The European Neighbourhood Policy • The Treaty on European Union designs the aim to develop a special relationship with neighbouring countries in order to establish an area of prosperity and good neighbourliness, based on the values of the EU. The EU may conclude specific agreements with the neighbour countries in regard; with mutual rights and obligations North Africa and Europe Objective: Establishment of an area of prosperity and good neighbourliness . Privileged Partnership . Mutual commitment to values and principles such as good governance, market economy, increasing mobility, enhancement of contact between the peoples . Development of a thriving civil society - including the Social Partners North Africa and Europe Implementation of partnership and cooperation agreements in areas such as • employment and social policy including the decent work agenda, migration and education North Africa and Europe Sustainable and Social Development as key issues • More inclusive growth • Creation of jobs – especially for the youth • Establishment of a dialog on employment and social policy • Improvement of social protection • Better management of labour migration and mobility North Africa and Europe Mobility Partnership • Well managed migration of persons can be of mutual benefit for both North Africa and Europe • Elements of a Mobility Partnership: Assisting partner countries in improvement of labour migration management (recruitment; vocational and language training; recognition North Africa and Europe of skills; reintegration of migrants School partnerships – Erasmus - Mobility of students Circular migration . Launching of negotiations with Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt North Africa and Europe Social Security and Migration . Association treaties – Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia . Single permit directive – Equal treatment and export of pensions to third countries . Blue card – Access of highly qualified migrants to the European labour market North Africa and Europe Questions for debate: 1. For young job seekers in North Africa, migration may often seem a last resort. Do you support the neighbourhood policy that proposes the establishment of mobility partnerships between North African countries and EU member countries? North Africa and Europe 2. The extension of social protection to cover informal employment is an important political objective. The social protection floor should be developed in the conetxt of each country. Do you agree that social protection can help to establish a more stable socioeconomic environment? North Africa and Europe 3. The mobility partnership should include a package of capacity building tools to be implemented in the partner countries. What are the necessary steps to achieve this objective? .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Regional Perspectives Report on North Africa and the Sahel Strategic Foresight Analysis
    REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES REPORT ON NORTH AFRICA AND THE SAHEL STRATEGIC FORESIGHT ANALYSIS NATO UNCLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED from the SFA 2017 apply to the region, the most significant trends in North Africa and the Sahel are expected population growth, climate change, and challenges in politics and governance. The confluence of these trends may significantly challenge governments, economies, societies, and food and water resources, contributing to instability and uncertainty in some countries in the region. Because of these trends, North Africa and the Sahel will require continuing focus and attention from Europe and NATO for the foreseeable future. Nations and institutions such as NATO and the EU may benefit from the information provided in this document to help develop coordinated strategies to respond to potential FOREWORD risks and take advantage of opportunities that The Strategic Foresight Analysis (SFA) arise from this neighbouring region. Innovation Regional Perspectives Report on North Africa and rapid technological advances may also offer and the Sahel aims to support NATO leadership’s opportunities to address these challenges. This visualisation of the future security environment report does not seek to predict the future, but and development of the next version of the instead provides potential trajectories for several SFA report and its companion follow-on report, trends and highlights their implications for the the Framework for Future Alliance Operations Alliance. Although some trends were not met with (FFAO). Together, the SFA and FFAO provide consensus, this report offers alternative views North Africa military advice and inform the NATO Defence where available to maintain objectivity. “ Planning Process (NDPP), as well as other The rapidly changing, complex security and the NATO and national processes that require an environment will continue to be the main driver understanding of the long-term future.
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
    Regional strategy for development cooperation with The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) 2006 – 2008 The Swedish Government resolved on 27 April 2006 that Swedish support for regional development cooperation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) during the period 2006-2008 should be conducted in accordance with the enclosed regional strategy. The Government authorized the Swedish International Development Coope- ration Agency (Sida) to implement in accordance with the strategy and decided that the financial framework for the development cooperation programme should be SEK 400–500 million. Regional strategy for development cooperation with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) 2006 – 2008 Contents 1. Summary ........................................................................................ 2 2. Conclusions of the regional assessment ........................................... 3 3. Assessment of observations: Conclusions ......................................... 6 4. Other policy areas .......................................................................... 8 5. Cooperation with other donors ........................................................ 10 6. The aims and focus of Swedish development cooperation ................ 11 7. Areas of cooperation with the MENA region ..................................... 12 7.1 Strategic considerations ............................................................. 12 7.2 Cooperation with the Swedish Institute in Alexandria and ............... 14 where relevant with the Section for
    [Show full text]
  • Female Genital Mutilation
    Female Genital Mutilation in the Middle East and North Africa Female genital mutilation in the global development agenda SDG 5 Female genital mutilation (FGM) is Achieve gender equality and a violation of human rights. Every empower all girl and woman has the right to be women and girls protected from this harmful practice, a manifestation of entrenched gender inequality with devastating TARGET 5.3 INDICATOR 5.3.2 Eliminate all harmful practices, Proportion of girls and women consequences. FGM is now firmly on such as child, early and forced aged 15 to 49 years who have the global development agenda, most marriage and female genital undergone female genital mutilation mutilation prominently through its inclusion in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3, which aims to eliminate the practice by 2030. 02 | Female Genital Mutilation in the Middle East and North Africa KEY FACTS about FGM Almost 50 million girls and women have undergone female genital mutilation in five practising countries in the Middle East The prevalence of FGM varies from and North Africa, accounting for one quarter of the global total 94 per cent in Djibouti to 7 per cent in Iraq Age at cutting varies across countries in the region; in FGM is highly medicalized in Egypt and Sudan Yemen it most often occurs Less than half where almost 8 in 10 girls are cut in the first week of life, of women support the by medical personnel, whereas traditional while in Egypt it is most likely to continuation of FGM in most practitioners are responsible for most cutting in occur
    [Show full text]
  • Male Circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety and Acceptability IWHO Library Cataloguing-In-Publication Data
    Male circumcision Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability UNAIDS Department of Reproductive health and Research 20 AVENUE APPIA World Health Organization CH-1211 GENEVA 27 20 AVENUE APPIA SWITZERLAND CH-1211 GENEVA 27 SWITZERLAND T (+41) 22 791 36 66 F (+41) 22 791 41 87 T (+41) 22 791 2111 F (+41) 22 791 41 71 www.unaids.org ISBN 978 92 4 159616 9 www.who.int/reproductive-health Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability IWHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. « UNAIDS / 07.29E / JC1320E ». 1. Circumcision, Male - trends. 2.Circumcision, Male - methods. 3.HIV infections - prevention and control. I.World Health Organization. II.UNAIDS. ISBN 978 92 4 159616 9 (WHO) (NLM classification: WJ 790) ISBN 978 92 9 173633 1 (UNAIDS) © World Health Organization and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention Insert 2
    InformatIon Package on male CircumcIsIon and HIV PreVentIon Insert 2 The Global Prevalence of Male Circumcision Global estimates in 2006 suggest that about 30% of males – representing a total of approximately 665 million men – are circumcised. Other common determinants of male circumcision are ethnic- ity, perceived health and sexual benefits, and the desire to conform to socio-cultural norms. Male circumcision is common in many African countries and is almost universal in North Africa and most of West Africa. In contrast it is less common in southern Africa; country to country and within country variation is greatest in this regioni. Self-reported prevalence in several countries is around 15% (Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe); but substantially higher in oth- ers (Malawi 21%, South Africa 35%, Lesotho 48%, Mozambique 60%, and Angola and Madagascar more than 80%). Prevalence in central and eastern Africa varies from 15% in Burundi and Rwanda, to over 70% in Ethiopia, Kenya and the United Republic of Tanzania. In sub-Saharan Africa age at circumcision varies from infancy to the late teens or early twenties. Male circumcision in Africa is undertaken for mainly religious and cultural reasons. Male circumcision is almost universal in the Middle East and Central Asia and in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Pakistanii,iii. In addition there are an estimated 120 million circumcised men in Indiaiv. In all these countries, male circumcision is undertaken primarily for religious and cultural reasons. There is little non-religious circumcision in Asia, with the exception of the Republic of Korea and the Philippines where circumcision is routine and widespreadv.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration Data Brief
    Migration Data Brief www.oecd.org/migration N°5 June 2019 The share of African migration to the OECD has increased in the past few years but, with less than one in ten migrants, remains below its weight in the world population. Almost half of migration from Africa still comes from North Africa but the profile of African migrants is changing rapidly, now encompassing more highly skilled migrants and also more women. This Migration Data Brief presents the latest trends for African migration to the OECD based on a new update of the OECD database on immigrants in OECD countries (DIOC). Are the characteristics and scope of African migration outside of the continent changing? How can we measure changes in African migration second highest increase behind migrants from Asia, to OECD countries? whose number rose from 21.3% of migrants in the OECD in 2000/01 to 25.9% in 2015/16 and a total of Given the major lack of information on migration, the 31.3 million. The African continent, lagging far behind collection and analysis of comparable international Europe, Latin America and Asia, therefore remains a data over the long term is essential to gaining an very minor player in worldwide mobility towards OECD understanding of the migratory phenomenon in its countries, despite the fact that the continent entirety. The Database on Immigrants in OECD represents 16% of the world population. countries (DIOC) uses censuses and representative surveys at national level in OECD countries to compare This growth in the share of African migration towards migrant numbers for the years 2000/01, 2005/06, OECD countries was weaker than growth in the 2010/11 and 2015/16.
    [Show full text]
  • Sailing the Great Sand Sea
    People and Place Curriculum Resources on Human-Environmental Interactions Hemispheres is a joint project of: Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies Center for Middle Eastern Studies Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies South Asia Institute in the College of Liberal Arts at The University of Texas at Austin Hemispheres People and Place Curriculum Resources on Human-Environmental Interactions Primary Authors: Natalie Arsenault, Outreach Coordinator Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies Christopher Rose, Outreach Coordinator Center for Middle Eastern Studies Allegra Azulay, Outreach Coordinator Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies Jordan Phillips, Outreach Coordinator South Asia Institute People and Place Curriculum Resources on Human-Environmental Interactions Final Version Original Compilation Date: June 2005 Final Publication Date: April 2007 Permission is granted to reproduce this unit for classroom use only. Please do not redistribute this unit without prior permission. For more information, please see: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/orgs/hemispheres/ Permission to include copyrighted materials in this unit is indicated in citations. sailing the great sand sea TEACHER NOTES GOALS In this unit, students will understand the ways in which North African traders were able to adapt to the harsh environment of the Sahara desert in order to extract natural resources and engage in trans-desert trade for economic gain. They will understand: (1) the factors that define a desert and the different types of deserts; (2) that the introduction of the camel to North Africa provided a solution that made trans-Saharan trade possible; and (3) the natural resources available in the desert and the advantages to be had from harnessing them.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Path to Growth
    Africa’s path to growth: Sector by sector The continent’s growth story isn’t entirely about the extractive industries. Seven articles examine the future of a wide range of sectors. Although Africa’s growth prospects are bright, they differ not only country by country but also sector by sector. In these articles, we examine the possibilities for seven of them: agriculture, banking, consumer goods, infra- structure, mining, oil and gas, and telecommunications. Perhaps the most fundamental point is that Africa’s growth story is hardly limited to the extractive industries. As many as 200 million Africans will enter the consumer goods market by 2015. Banking and telecommunications are growing rapidly too, and infrastructure expenditures are rising significantly faster in Africa than in the world as a whole. Not that the growth of the extractive industries won’t be impressive. The continent has more than one-quarter of the world’s arable land. Eleven of its countries rank among the top ten sources for at least one major mineral. Africa will produce 13 percent of global oil by 2015, up from 9 percent in 1998. For many companies, this is a future worth investing in. 2 Africa’s path to growth: Sector by sector Agriculture: Abundant opportunities Kartik Jayaram, Agriculture is Africa’s largest economic sector, repre- best practices so that they can raise productivity. Jens Riese, senting 15 percent of the continent’s total GDP, Africa has diverse agro-ecological conditions, so and Sunil Sanghvi or more than $100 billion annually. It is highly concen- countries need to adopt many different farming models trated, with Egypt and Nigeria alone accounting to create an African green revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress
    Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress Updated November 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46423 SUMMARY R46423 Women in the Middle East and North Africa: November 27, 2020 Issues for Congress Zoe Danon Many experts have found that women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) fare Coordinator of Research worse than those in other parts of the world on a range of social, economic, legal and Planning political measures. Some attribute this underperformance to prevailing gender roles and perspectives (including discriminatory laws and beliefs), as well as challenges facing the Sarah R. Collins region overall (such as a preponderance of undemocratic governments, poor economic Research Assistant growth, wars, and mass displacement, which often disproportionately affect women). Some key issues facing many women in the region include the following: Unequal Legal Rights. Women in the MENA region face greater legal discrimination than women elsewhere, with differential laws on issues such as marriage, freedom of movement, and inheritance, as well as limited to no legal protection from domestic violence. Constraints on Economic Participation and Opportunity. Regional conditions, in addition to gender-based discrimination, contribute to a significant difference between men and women’s participation in MENA economies. For example, women do not participate in the labor force to the same degree as women in other regions, and those who do participate face on average nearly twice the levels of unemployment than men. Underrepresentation in Political Processes. Women—particularly in Yemen, Kuwait and Lebanon—are poorly represented in legislative bodies compared to the global average.
    [Show full text]
  • West Africa, North Africa and the Central Mediterranean
    WEST AFRICA, NORTH AFRICA AND THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN Key Findings on the Characteristics of Migrant Smuggling in West Africa, North Africa and the Central Mediterranean UNODC Observatory on Smuggling of Migrants | 20 May 2021 Index Context ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Smuggling demand ...................................................................................................................... 4 Journeys ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Smugglers ................................................................................................................................... 10 Fees .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Risks ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 18 End Notes .................................................................................................................................... 19 Terms used ................................................................................................................................. 23 Context
    [Show full text]
  • A in West Africa
    tlas on Regional Integration A in West Africa population series DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Introduction Demography is essential to understanding societies and policy-making in all fields. In Africa, and especially in sub- Saharan Africa, taking population dynamics into account is particularly crucial given that they are undoubtedly among the most powerful ever seen in human history. Superlatives are usually used when referring to West African demographic growth and the population’s youth. The extent to which countries of the region must endeavour in terms of education, access to health care and employment is illustrated by generational forecasts. These forecasts indicate that the reconstitution of settlement patterns (changes in population geography) is far from complete, as population mobility is the consequence of high population growth1. Demography is also useful for those who want to understand social and even political changes. West Africans who “fought The Atlas on Regional Integration is an ECOWAS — for independence” (in the first analysis, those who were at least SWAC/OECD initiative, financed 20 years old in 1960) today represent only 3% of the population. by the develop­ment co-­op­eration agencies of France, Switzerland The West African borders, have so often been considered “new” yet they are now “older” and Luxembourg. Divided into than the vast majority of the population. A large part of the population has no memory of four series (p­op­ulation, land, economy, environment), the the “pre-structural adjustment” period, or of the Atlas chap­ters are being Cold War era. The urban population is about to p­roduced during 2006-­2007 and will be available on-­line on the become the majority.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography of the Mediterranean Region
    • The great Greek philosophers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, attempted to use reason to discover truth and an ethical system of behavior. • Leading his combined Greek and Macedonian troops, Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire. After his death, Greek culture spread to many of the lands he conquered. • The city of Alexandria in Egypt exemplified Greek government, culture, and learning. A magnificent library there, with hundreds of thousands of scrolls, attracted scholars and important thinkers from the known world. • Roman society and its system of government relied on the Roman military continuing to conquer more lands to add riches and more citizens to the Republic. • The Roman Republic evolved from one dominated by the aristocratic patrician class to one in which plebeians also had power. Women had few rights, and slavery continued. • The Romans adopted and adapted Greek mythology and deities to their own culture. • By the end of the Punic Wars, the Romans had destroyed the city of Carthage, taking any survivors as slaves. • Julius Caesar was personally ambitious, but also attempted to reform the Roman government. • The reign of Caesar Augustus marked the end of the republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire, ushering in the two-hundred-year Pax Romana. • The Roman Empire ended for military, economic, political, and social reasons. • The Eastern Roman Empire lasted until 1453 as the Byzantine Empire. • Greek and Roman political ideas, institutions, and works of literature have had a tremendous impact on European and American history and culture. WHAT TeacHERS NeeD TO KNOW Geography of the Mediterranean Region Water Mediterranean, Aegean, and Adriatic Seas The Mediterranean is the world’s largest inland sea.
    [Show full text]