Introducing the Venus Cycle and the Importance of the Eight Year Return
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Phases of Venus and Galileo
Galileo and the phases of Venus I) Periods of Venus 1) Synodical period and phases The synodic period1 of Venus is 584 days The superior2 conjunction occured on 11 may 1610. Calculate the date of the quadrature, of the inferior conjunction and of the next superior conjunction, supposing the motions of the Earth and Venus are circular and uniform. In fact the next superior conjunction occured on 11 december 1611 and inferior conjunction on 26 february 1611. 2) Sidereal period The sidereal period of the Earth is 365.25 days. Calculate the sidereal period of Venus. II) Phases on Venus in geo and heliocentric models 1) Phases in differents models 1) Determine the phases of Venus in geocentric models, where the Earth is at the center of the universe and planets orbit around (Venus “above” or “below” the sun) * Pseudo-Aristoteles model : Earth (center)-Moon-Sun-Mercury-Venus-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne * Ptolemeo’s model : Earth (center)-Moon-Mercury-Venus-Sun-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne 2) Determine the phases of Venus in the heliocentric model, where planets orbit around the sun. Copernican system : Sun (center)-Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne 2) Observations of Galileo Galileo (1564-1642) observed Venus in 1610-1611 with a telescope. Read the letters of Galileo. May we conclude that the Copernican model is the only one available ? When did Galileo begins to observe Venus? Give the approximate dates of the quadrature and of the inferior conjunction? What are the approximate dates of the 5 observations of Galileo supposing the figure from the Essayer, was drawn in 1610-1611 1 The synodic period is the time that it takes for the object to reappear at the same point in the sky, relative to the Sun, as observed from Earth; i.e. -
Blood and Mistletoe: the History of the Druids in Britain Free
FREE BLOOD AND MISTLETOE: THE HISTORY OF THE DRUIDS IN BRITAIN PDF Ronald Hutton | 492 pages | 24 May 2011 | Yale University Press | 9780300170856 | English | New Haven, United States Blood and Mistletoe | Yale University Press Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. NOOK Book. Crushed by the Romans in the first century A. Because of this, historian Ronald Hutton shows, succeeding British generations have been free to reimagine, reinterpret, and reinvent the Druids. Druids have been remembered at different times as patriots, scientists, philosophers, or priests; sometimes portrayed as corrupt, bloodthirsty, or ignorant, they were also seen as fomenters of rebellion. Hutton charts how the Druids have been written in and out of history, archaeology, and the public consciousness for some years, with particular focus on the romantic period, when Druids completely dominated notions of British prehistory. Sparkling with legends and images, filled with new perspectives on ancient and modern times, this book is a fascinating cultural study of Druids as catalysts in British history. He lives in Bristol, UK. Home 1 Books 2. Read an excerpt of this book! Add to Wishlist. Overview Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain by the Romans in the first century A. Related Searches. Praise for the author::'For anyone researching the subject, this is the book you've been waiting Praise for the author::'For anyone researching the subject, this is the book you've been waiting for. -
Wicca 1739 Have Allowed for His Continued Popularity
Wicca 1739 have allowed for his continued popularity. Whitman’s According to Gardner, witchcraft had survived the per- willingness to break out of hegemonic culture and its secutions of early modern Europe and persisted in secret, mores in order to celebrate the mundane and following the thesis of British folklorist and Egyptologist unconventional has ensured his relevance today. His belief Margaret Murray (1862–1963). Murray argued in her in the organic connection of all things, coupled with his book, The Witch Cult in Western Europe (1921), that an old organic development of a poetic style that breaks with religion involving a horned god who represented the fertil- many formal conventions have caused many scholars and ity of nature had survived the persecutions and existed critics to celebrate him for his innovation. His idea of uni- throughout Western Europe. Murray wrote that the versal connection and belief in the spirituality present in a religion was divided into covens that held regular meet- blade of grass succeeded in transmitting a popularized ings based on the phases of the moon and the changes of version of Eastern theology and Whitman’s own brand of the seasons. Their rituals included feasting, dancing, sac- environmentalism for generations of readers. rifices, ritualized sexual intercourse, and worship of the horned god. In The God of the Witches (1933) Murray Kathryn Miles traced the development of this god and connected the witch cult to fairy tales and Robin Hood legends. She used Further Reading images from art and architecture to support her view that Greenspan, Ezra, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Whit- an ancient vegetation god and a fertility goddess formed man. -
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C M Y K www.newssun.com EWS UN NHighlands County’s Hometown-S Newspaper Since 1927 Rivalry rout Deadly wreck in Polk Harris leads Lake 20-year-old woman from Lake Placid to shutout of AP Placid killed in Polk crash SPORTS, B1 PAGE A2 PAGE B14 Friday-Saturday, March 22-23, 2013 www.newssun.com Volume 94/Number 35 | 50 cents Forecast Fire destroys Partly sunny and portable at Fred pleasant High Low Wild Elementary Fire alarms “Myself, Mr. (Wally) 81 62 Cox and other administra- Complete Forecast went off at 2:40 tors were all called about PAGE A14 a.m. Wednesday 3 a.m.,” Waldron said Wednesday morning. Online By SAMANTHA GHOLAR Upon Waldron’s arrival, [email protected] the Sebring Fire SEBRING — Department along with Investigations into a fire DeSoto City Fire early Wednesday morning Department, West Sebring on the Fred Wild Volunteer Fire Department Question: Do you Elementary School cam- and Sebring Police pus are under way. Department were all on think the U.S. govern- The school’s fire alarms the scene. ment would ever News-Sun photo by KATARA SIMMONS Rhoda Ross reads to youngsters Linda Saraniti (from left), Chyanne Carroll and Camdon began going off at approx- State Fire Marshal seize money from pri- Carroll on Wednesday afternoon at the Lake Placid Public Library. Ross was reading from imately 2:40 a.m. and con- investigator Raymond vate bank accounts a children’s book she wrote and illustrated called ‘A Wildflower for all Seasons.’ tinued until about 3 a.m., Miles Davis was on the like is being consid- according to FWE scene for a large part of ered in Cyprus? Principal Laura Waldron. -
Summer Solstice
A FREE RESOURCE PACK FROM EDMENTUM Summer Solstice PreK–6th Topical Teaching Grade Range Resources Free school resources by Edmentum. This may be reproduced for class use. Summer Solstice Topical Teaching Resources What Does This Pack Include? This pack has been created by teachers, for teachers. In it you’ll find high quality teaching resources to help your students understand the background of Summer Solstice and why the days feel longer in the summer. To go directly to the content, simply click on the title in the index below: FACT SHEETS: Pre-K – Grade 3 Grades 3-6 Grades 3-6 Discover why the Sun rises earlier in the day Understand how Earth moves and how it Discover how other countries celebrate and sets later every night. revolves around the Sun. Summer Solstice. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: Pre-K – Grade 2 Grades 3-6 Discuss what shadows are and how you can create them. Discuss how Earth’s tilt cause the seasons to change. ACTIVITY SHEETS AND ANSWERS: Pre-K – Grade 3 Grades 3-6 Students are to work in pairs to explain what happens during Follow the directions to create a diagram that describes the Summer Solstice. Summer Solstice. POSTER: Pre-K – Grade 6 Enjoyed these resources? Learn more about how Edmentum can support your elementary students! Email us at www.edmentum.com or call us on 800.447.5286 Summer Solstice Fact Sheet • Have you ever noticed in the summer that the days feel longer? This is because there are more hours of daylight in the summer. • In the summer, the Sun rises earlier in the day and sets later every night. -
Make up Lab: Phases of Venus Introduction Galileo Is Justifiably Famous for Many Discoveries in Both Physics and Astronomy
PHYS 1401: Descriptive Astronomy Summer 2016 Make Up Lab: Phases of Venus Introduction Galileo is justifiably famous for many discoveries in both physics and astronomy. While he was fascinated by gravity and kinematics, his most valuable discovery is arguably the phases of Venus. By carefully observing and recording the progression of Venus through phases similar to our own moon, he was able to demonstrate the impossibility of the Ptolemy’s increasingly complicated geocentric model. 4. Orient yourself: Toggle on the constellation outlines and labels. Locate one or two constellations whose shapes you know. Are the constellations of 1610 recognizable to you? Face north and locate Polaris. Comment on the location of Polaris compared to its position today. Synodic Period of Venus The synodic period of an object is a measure of its motion with respect to Earth. We are most familiar with this idea as applied to the moon: to measure its synodic period, we count the time between successive full moons (or new moons, or whichever phase you like). As Galileo discovered, we can do precisely the same thing for Venus. 5. Change the date and locate Venus: Advance your date to May 01, 1610. Keep the time set to 00:00:00. Locate Venus, and zoom in to notice its phase. Advance your day until Venus Using the Stellarium program, we can replicate his is fully illuminated (100.0%) and record the date. Use the table observations by placing ourselves in the same time and place below as a model for recording your data. as Galileo himself. 6. -
DECEMBER 21 SOLSTICE 2020 a Ritual Practice to Harness This Energy
DECEMBER 21 SOLSTICE 2020 A ritual practice to harness this energy. A R D M O O R E & C O . K A R E N S T E V E N S . C O M . A U D E C E M B E R 2 1 S O L S T I C E 2 0 2 0 There is going to be a great cosmic solar event that will be seen and experienced by every single conscious being in our universe. This is what is commonly being described as the event. Why 21st December 2020? There's natural scientific significance of this date with relation to our solar system. The Azimuthal Equidistant Geocentric Earth model, the sun coils up and around the electromagnetic dome that encapsulates our earth for the summers and coils down towards the end of our solar year to its southern most position of the Tropic of Capricorn. And on December 21 is at its lowest Zenith or Y axis point, the farthest out from our land centre, and the closest to the earth vertically. This is what is known as the winter solstice, from a northern hemisphere perspective, and the summer solstice from the southern hemisphere perspective. K A R E N S T E V E N S . C O M . A U D E C E M B E R 2 1 S O L S T I C E 2 0 2 0 Once the sun has reached its lowest point, it follows the same radiant circuit, and either ascending or descending for three days before then beginning its journey back up to the Tropic of Cancer towards the top in the centre of our electromagnetic dome of this domain. -
SOLSTICE PROJECT RESEARCH a Unique Solar Marking Construct
SOLSTICE PROJECT RESEARCH Papers available on this site may be downloaded, but must not be distributed for profit without citation. A Unique Solar Marking Construct By Anna Sofaer, Volker Zinser, and Rolf M. Sinclair Reprinted with permission from Science, 19 October 1979, Volume 206, Number 4416 pp. 283-291. Copyright 1979 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Readers may view, browse, and/or download this material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or in part, without prior written permission from AAAS. www.sciencemag.org Summary: An assembly of stone slabs on an isolated butte in New Mexico collimates sunlight onto spiral petroglyphs carved on a cliff face. The light illuminates the spirals in a changing pattern throughout the year and marks the solstices and equinoxes with particular images. The assembly can also be used to observe lunar phenomena. It is unique in archeoastronomy in utilizing the changing height of the midday sun throughout the year rather than its rising and setting points. The construct appears to be the result of deliberate work of the Anasazi Indians, the builders of the great pueblos in the area. Near the top of an isolated butte in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, three large stone slabs collimate sunlight in vertical patterns of light on two spiral petroglyphs carved on the cliff behind them. The light illuminates the spirals each day near noon in a changing pattern throughout the year and marks the solstices and equinoxes with particular images. -
Summer Solstice
Summer Solstice The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. Above the equator is the northern hemisphere. Below the equator is the southern hemisphere. Can you imagine a pole going through Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole? This pole would be the Earth’s axis. The Earth spins around this axis. The axis is not vertical; it tilts the Earth over. This means the Earth appears to lean over. The Earth orbits or moves on a path around the Sun. This takes around one year. At different times of the year, as it journeys around the Sun, some places on Earth are nearer to the Sun than others. If you live above the equator, Earth is tilted closer to the Sun in the summer, giving more light and heat. In winter, these countries are further away from the sun and have less light and heat. Spring Sun Winter Summer Autumn This diagram shows the seasons in the northern hemisphere, above the equator. Can you see how the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in summer? Page 1 of 3 Summer Solstice What is the Summer Solstice? The Summer Solstice happens when the North Pole is most tilted towards the sun. It marks the change when days in the northern hemisphere begin to grow shorter. The Summer Solstice happens around 21st June. This is also known as midsummer and is the longest day and shortest night of the year in the northern hemisphere. Summer Solstice in the Far North Solstice Celebrations Around the Summer Solstice, countries For thousands of years, there have in the Arctic Circle, like parts of been solstice celebrations around Norway, Finland, Greenland and the world. -
NASA and Planetary Exploration
**EU5 Chap 2(263-300) 2/20/03 1:16 PM Page 263 Chapter Two NASA and Planetary Exploration by Amy Paige Snyder Prelude to NASA’s Planetary Exploration Program Four and a half billion years ago, a rotating cloud of gaseous and dusty material on the fringes of the Milky Way galaxy flattened into a disk, forming a star from the inner- most matter. Collisions among dust particles orbiting the newly-formed star, which humans call the Sun, formed kilometer-sized bodies called planetesimals which in turn aggregated to form the present-day planets.1 On the third planet from the Sun, several billions of years of evolution gave rise to a species of living beings equipped with the intel- lectual capacity to speculate about the nature of the heavens above them. Long before the era of interplanetary travel using robotic spacecraft, Greeks observing the night skies with their eyes alone noticed that five objects above failed to move with the other pinpoints of light, and thus named them planets, for “wan- derers.”2 For the next six thousand years, humans living in regions of the Mediterranean and Europe strove to make sense of the physical characteristics of the enigmatic planets.3 Building on the work of the Babylonians, Chaldeans, and Hellenistic Greeks who had developed mathematical methods to predict planetary motion, Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria put forth a theory in the second century A.D. that the planets moved in small circles, or epicycles, around a larger circle centered on Earth.4 Only partially explaining the planets’ motions, this theory dominated until Nicolaus Copernicus of present-day Poland became dissatisfied with the inadequacies of epicycle theory in the mid-sixteenth century; a more logical explanation of the observed motions, he found, was to consider the Sun the pivot of planetary orbits.5 1. -
Morphology and Dynamics of the Venus Atmosphere at the Cloud Top Level As Observed by the Venus Monitoring Camera
Morphology and dynamics of the Venus atmosphere at the cloud top level as observed by the Venus Monitoring Camera Von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informationstechnik, Physik der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr.rer.nat.) genehmigte Dissertation von Richard Moissl aus Grünstadt Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. 1. Referentin oder Referent: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Blum 2. Referentin oder Referent: Dr. Horst-Uwe Keller eingereicht am: 24. April 2008 mündliche Prüfung (Disputation) am: 9. Juli 2008 ISBN 978-3-936586-86-2 Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau Druck: Schaltungsdienst Lange, Berlin Printed in Germany Contents Summary 7 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Historical observations of Venus . .9 1.2 The atmosphere and climate of Venus . .9 1.2.1 Basic composition and structure of the Venus atmosphere . .9 1.2.2 The clouds of Venus . 11 1.2.3 Atmospheric dynamics at the cloud level . 12 1.3 Venus Express . 16 1.4 Goals and structure of the thesis . 19 2 The Venus Monitoring Camera experiment 21 2.1 Scientific objectives of the VMC in the context of this thesis . 21 2.1.1 UV Channel . 21 2.1.1.1 Morphology of the unknown UV absorber . 21 2.1.1.2 Atmospheric dynamics of the cloud tops . 21 2.1.2 The two IR channels . 22 2.1.2.1 Water vapor abundance and cloud opacity . 22 2.1.2.2 Surface and lower atmosphere . -
Religion and the Return of Magic: Wicca As Esoteric Spirituality
RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC: WICCA AS ESOTERIC SPIRITUALITY A thesis submitted for the degree of PhD March 2000 Joanne Elizabeth Pearson, B.A. (Hons.) ProQuest Number: 11003543 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003543 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION The thesis presented is entirely my own work, and has not been previously presented for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. The views expressed here are those of the author and not of Lancaster University. Joanne Elizabeth Pearson. RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC: WICCA AS ESOTERIC SPIRITUALITY CONTENTS DIAGRAMS AND ILLUSTRATIONS viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix ABSTRACT xi INTRODUCTION: RELIGION AND THE RETURN OF MAGIC 1 CATEGORISING WICCA 1 The Sociology of the Occult 3 The New Age Movement 5 New Religious Movements and ‘Revived’ Religion 6 Nature Religion 8 MAGIC AND RELIGION 9 A Brief Outline of the Debate 9 Religion and the Decline o f Magic? 12 ESOTERICISM 16 Academic Understandings of