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Bull Trout (Salvelinus Confluentus) Population and Habitat Surveys in the Middle Fork Willamette and Mckenzie River Systems

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Bull Trout (Salvelinus Confluentus) Population and Habitat Surveys in the Middle Fork Willamette and Mckenzie River Systems Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Population and Habitat Surveys in the Middle Fork Willamette and McKenzie River Systems Andrea Hope and Coulter Rose Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 3150 Main St. Springfield, OR 97478 November 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA........................................................................................................... 2 McKenzie River Sub-Basin....................................................................................................................... 3 Middle Fork Willamette River Sub-Basin .................................................................................................. 4 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Distribution Surveys and Population Estimates........................................................................................ 4 Juveniles............................................................................................................................................... 4 Adults.................................................................................................................................................... 5 Juvenile Bull Trout Counts and Transplants............................................................................................. 5 Genetic Sampling ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Spawning Surveys .................................................................................................................................... 6 Creel Surveys ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Radio Tracking.......................................................................................................................................... 6 RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Mainstem McKenzie Population ............................................................................................................... 7 Distribution Surveys.............................................................................................................................. 7 Juvenile Bull Trout Counts and Transplants ........................................................................................ 8 Spawning Surveys.............................................................................................................................. 10 Radio Tracking ................................................................................................................................... 12 Genetic Sampling ............................................................................................................................... 13 Trail Bridge Reservoir Population........................................................................................................... 14 Distribution Surveys and Population Estimates ................................................................................. 14 Juvenile Transfers .............................................................................................................................. 14 Spawning Surveys.............................................................................................................................. 14 Creel Surveys ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Radiotracking...................................................................................................................................... 15 Genetic Sampling ............................................................................................................................... 15 South Fork McKenzie Population ........................................................................................................... 15 Distribution Survey ............................................................................................................................. 15 Spawning Surveys.............................................................................................................................. 16 Radio Tracking ................................................................................................................................... 16 Genetic Sampling ............................................................................................................................... 17 Middle Fork Willamette Population ......................................................................................................... 17 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................... 17 Mainstem McKenzie Population ............................................................................................................. 18 Future Work........................................................................................................................................ 19 Trail Bridge Reservoir Population........................................................................................................... 20 Future Work........................................................................................................................................ 20 South Fork McKenzie Population ........................................................................................................... 20 Future Needs...................................................................................................................................... 21 Middle Fork Willamette Population ......................................................................................................... 21 Drainage-Wide Future Needs................................................................................................................. 22 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 22 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................................................. 22 FIGURES and TABLES Figure 1. Number of bull trout observed during snorkel surveys of eight standard pools of the McKenzie River, 1996........................................................................... 8 Figure 2. Number of bull trout caught in the Anderson Creek downstream migrant trap, 1996.................................................................................................. 10 Figure 3. Radio-tracked locations of the 840 bull trout on the mainstem McKenzie River. ..................................................................................................... 13 Figure 4. Number of adult bull trout observed in Dutch Oven pool during standard pool surveys in 1996. .............................................................................. 16 Table 1. Number of bull trout fry and juveniles (>1+) caught in the downstream migrant trap on Anderson Creek, 1994-1996........................................................................ 9 Table 2. Anderson Creek redd counts, 1996................................................................ 11 Table 3. Bull trout redds counted in Anderson Creek in the USFS index area and total area counts by ODFW, 1989-1996......................................................................... 11 Table 4. Summary of radio tracking data on the mainstem McKenzie River. ............... 12 Table 5. Bull trout fry transferred to Sweetwater Creek, 1993-1996............................. 14 ABSTRACT Populations of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette River sub-basins were studied to determine their relative abundance, distribution, and habitat requirements. The mainstem McKenzie appeared to have the largest and most stable population. In one day, we observed 36 adults in eight pools in the mainstem McKenzie. The number of redds in Anderson and Olallie creeks, which are believed to provide all of the spawning habitat in the mainstem McKenzie sub-basin, increased slightly over the number in 1995. Six adult bull trout were implanted with radio transmitters, though one fish either was caught or shed its transmitter in late summer. The five remaining radiotagged fish have provided information on bull trout pre- and post-spawning behavior and on habitat use, especially in the lower McKenzie. At Trail Bridge Reservoir, a significant trapping effort failed to catch enough bull trout for a population estimate, though we found seven bull trout redds in the McKenzie River above Trail Bridge. The one bull trout radiotagged in Trail Bridge Reservoir was caught, shed its transmitter, or died of natural causes soon after surgery. The USFS transferred another 894 fry from Anderson Creek to
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