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Manitoban Consensual Non-Monogamous Couples’ Conciliation of Their Parenting Role and Their Sexual Lifestyle During the Transition to Parenthood

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Manitoban Consensual Non-Monogamous Couples’ Conciliation of Their Parenting Role and Their Sexual Lifestyle During the Transition to Parenthood Manitoban Consensual Non-monogamous Couples’ Conciliation of their Parenting Role and their Sexual Lifestyle during the Transition to Parenthood Jacqueline Avanthay Strus Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master’s program in nursing (M.Sc.N.) School of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa © Jacqueline Avanthay Strus, Ottawa, Canada, 2019 ii Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ ix List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... x List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ xi Definitions of Terms ................................................................................................................................. xii Summary of the Thesis ...........................................................................................................................xiii Résumé de la thèse ................................................................................................................................. xv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. xvii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 - Research Problem ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Clinical Context ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Statistical Evidence ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Overview of Empirical Evidence .................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Proposed Solution ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................. 15 1.6 Epistemological Position ............................................................................................................... 16 1.7 Purpose of Study and Research Questions .............................................................................. 17 Chapter 2 – Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Literature Search Procedures ...................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Definition of Reproductive Justice ....................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Definitions of Sexuality, Sex, Gender, Sexual Health, and Border Sexuality ............... 21 2.2.3 Definitions of Heterosexuality, Heteronormativity, and Mononormativity ...................... 23 2.2.4 Consequences Associated with ‘Heteronormativity’ and ‘Mononormativity’ ................. 24 2.3 Sexuality as a Human Right ......................................................................................................... 26 2.4 Marriage, Divorce and Sexual Monogamy ................................................................................ 27 2.4.1 Definition of Marriage ............................................................................................................. 28 2.4.2 Definition of Divorce ............................................................................................................... 28 2 4.3 Sexual Monogamy ................................................................................................................. 30 2.5 Alternative Forms of CNMCs ....................................................................................................... 32 2.5.1 Reasons for Choosing Consensual Non-monogamous Couples ................................... 33 iii 2.5.2 Open Relationships ................................................................................................................ 34 2.5.2.1 Definition and History of Open Relationships ................................................................. 34 2.5.2.2 Sexual Practices ................................................................................................................. 34 2.5.2.3 Sexual Satisfaction ............................................................................................................. 35 2.5.3 Swingers .................................................................................................................................. 35 2.5.3.1 Definition and History of Swinging .................................................................................... 35 2.5.3.2 Demographics ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.5.3.3 Sexual Practices ................................................................................................................. 37 2.5.3.4 Sexual Satisfaction ............................................................................................................. 37 2.5.4 Polyamory/Polyamorous Couples ........................................................................................ 38 2.5.4.1 Definition and History of Polyamory ................................................................................. 38 2.5.4.2 Demographics ..................................................................................................................... 38 2.5.4.3 Sexual Practices ................................................................................................................. 39 2.5.4.4 Sexual Satisfaction ............................................................................................................. 39 2.5.5 Health Risks and Health Care Practices Associated with Non-Monogamy .................. 40 2.6 The Transition to Parenthood ...................................................................................................... 42 2.6.1 Definition of the Transition to Parenthood .......................................................................... 42 2.6.2 Role Changes during the Transition to Parenthood .......................................................... 43 2.6.3 Quality of Relationship and Intimacy during the Transition to Parenthood ................... 45 2.6.4 Sexuality during the Transition to Parenthood ................................................................... 46 2.6.4.1 Pregnancy ............................................................................................................................ 46 2.6.4.2 Childbirth .............................................................................................................................. 48 2.6.4.3 Parenting/Postpartum Period ............................................................................................ 49 2.6.4.4. Breastfeeding ..................................................................................................................... 51 2.7 Consensual Non-monogamous Parenting Couples ................................................................. 52 2.7.1 Non-Monogamy Research .................................................................................................... 52 2.7.2 Challenges Faced by Swingers ............................................................................................ 53 2.7.3 Challenges Faced by Polyfamilies ....................................................................................... 54 2.7.4 Importance of Continuing Non-monogamy Parenting Research .................................... 55 2.8 Nurses and Human Sexuality ...................................................................................................... 56 2.8.1 Why Nurses Need to be Well Versed in Human Sexuality .............................................. 56 iv 2.8.2 Nurses and Sexual Minorities ............................................................................................... 58 2.9 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................. 60 2.9.1 Reproductive Justice ............................................................................................................. 60 2.9.2 Cowan and Cowan’s Ecological Model of the Transition to Parenthood ....................... 64 2.10 Summary of Chapter ................................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 3 - Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 67 3.1 Research Type and Design.........................................................................................................
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