Flora & Fauna Assessment, Proposed Private Hospital

Flora & Fauna Assessment, Proposed Private Hospital at 1- 8 Nield Ave, Greenwich 10th October 2008 prepared by

Mark Couston CPESC. - Ass. Dip. Env. Ctrl. (CSU), Grad. Dip. Env. Mgmt. (CSU), Cert. Soil & Water Mgmt. (UWS), MESA, MECA. DECC - Scientific Licence No. S11031, DPI - Animal Research Authority 04-4786

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.2 EXISTING SITE & PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ...... 1

2. THE SITE...... 2 2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 2 2.2 GEOLOGY ...... 3 2.3 SOIL LANDSCAPES ...... 3 2.4 CATCHMENT...... 4 2.5 SITE VEGETATION ...... 5 2.6 EXISTING SITE PLAN SHOWING VEGETATION UNITS...... 6

3. FLORA & FAUNA SURVEY ...... 10 3.1 FLORA SPECIES SURVEY METHODS ...... 10 3.2 FAUNA SPECIES SURVEY METHODS...... 10 3.3 FUNGI SPECIES SURVEY METHODS...... 11 3.4 SURVEY FINDINGS ...... 12

4. ORIGINAL VEGETATION COMMUNITY ...... 23 4.1 SITE LIMITATIONS IN DETERMINING THE ORIGINAL VEGETATION COMMUNITY ...... 23 4.2 PUBLISHED MAPPING ...... 23 4.3 ANALYSIS OF FLORISTIC DATA ...... 25 4.4 ASSESSMENT & IDENTIFICATION OF THE VEGETATION COMMUNITY ...... 26 4.5 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT ...... 27

5. HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 28 5.1 LOCAL & REGIONAL HABITAT CONTEXT...... 28 5.2 THE SITE HABITATS ...... 28 5.3 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING FAUNAL HABITAT POTENTIAL ...... 30 5.4 CRITICAL HABITAT...... 30 5.5 THREATENED SPECIES HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 31 5.6 THREATENED FLORA HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 31 5.7 THREATENED FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 33 5.8 THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 37 5.9 THREATENED FUNGI COMMUNITY HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 37 5.10 THREATENED POPULATION HABITAT ASSESSMENT...... 37

6. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT...... 38 6.1 NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS...... 38 6.2 EXISTING & PROPOSED SITE COVERAGE ...... 38 6.3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT ...... 39 6.4 SCOPE OF DEVELOPMENT IMPACT...... 40 6.5 MITIGATING MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ECOLOGY ...... 41 6.6 COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ECOLOGY...... 41

7. TREATENED SPECIES ASSESSMENT ...... 42 7.1 BACKGROUND ...... 42 7.2 POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THREATENED SPECIES...... 44 7.3 SPECIES - EASTERN BENT-WING BAT (MINIOPTERUS SCHREIBERSII) ...... 45 7.4 SPECIES - GREY-HEADED FLYING-FOX (PTEROPUS POLIOCEPHALUS)...... 46 7.5 COMMUNITY – SYDNEY TURPENTINE IRONBARK FOREST ...... 47

8. SUMMARY ...... 49 8.1 CONCLUSION...... 49

REFERENCES ...... 51

APPENDICIES ...... 55

APPENDIX A – BRIEF CURRICULUM VITAE – MARK COUSTON ...... 55

This report is considered to be a valid assessment and the information contained in this report is considered to be neither false nor misleading.

Mark Couston Director & Principal Ecologist Footprint Green Pty Ltd

This report is copyright.  With the exception of the client commissioning this report and apart from being any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of the author.

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

The report has been prepared in conjunction with the proposed development application at the properties of 1-8 Nield Avenue, Greenwich and the lower part of the Nield Avenue road reserve. The report identifies the flora species on the site and fauna species residing on or using the site as part of their foraging range. Specific assessment of the properties has been undertaken to identify habitats of threatened species, populations and ecological communities listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (NSW) 1995.

The report has been commissioned by Murlan Consulting, who have also provided site instructions. Subsequent site inspections and fieldwork were conducted between the 4th March - 5th May, 2008. For the purpose of this report the allotments known as 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 7a & 8 Nield Avenue, Greenwich and the lower part of the Nield Avenue road reserve will be referred to as the subject site.

1.2 Existing site & proposed development

Currently the allotments are developed and contain 10 residential dwellings with predominately overgrown landscaped areas. The Nield Avenue road reserve is formed with kerb & gutters, underground services, overhead power lines and mown nature strip areas.

The proposed development involves demolition of the existing dwellings and removal of part of the road reserve and construction of a Private Hospital (Marchese, 2008).

Figure 1.1 Subject site consisting of the lower part of the Nield Avenue road reserve and surrounding allotments.

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2. The site

2.1 General information

The site is situated on the western side of a Pacific Highway at Greenwich within 5km of the city of Sydney. The site has an area of approximately 7,570m2 and is surrounded by developed residential and commercial properties and the commercial / industrial area of Artarmon to the north.

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2.2 Geology

2.2.1 Site geology Although no exploratory excavation was conducted, based upon site and local observations, rock outcrops and soil types, the geology associated with the site appears to be on the interface of the Hawkesbury Sandstone and Wianamatta Shales.

2.2.2 Hawkesbury Sandstone Hawkesbury Sandstone (Herbert, 1983) consists of sediments laid down during the mid Triassic Period, some 215 million years ago.

During the mid Triassic period a major shift in the watershed pattern occurred and the Sydney basin experienced the deposition of quartz sediments from the south west (Herbert, 1983). These quartz sediments were deposited by vigorous braided streams and they deposited a thick blanket of Hawkesbury Sandstone over the earlier Newport Formation sediments.

2.2.3 Wianamatta Shale The Wianamatta Shales consists of sediments laid down during the latter part of the Triassic Period, some 240 million years ago, over the top of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The Wianamatta Shales primarily consist of 2 main shale formations, being the Bringelly Shale formation and the Ashfield Shale Formation. The Bringelly Shales consist of shale, calcareous clays and clay stone, laminate, fine to medium grained lithic-quartz sandstone (Herbert 1983). The Ashfield Shale is comprised of laminate and dark grey shale.

2.3 Soil landscapes

2.3.1 Site Soil landscape The site is located on a simple slope which gives way to an open depression at the rear (south western) part of the site. The site is moderately sloping with average slopes of approximately 80 (14%). The soils over most of the site appear to have been disturbed and in some areas they appear to have been improved for horticultural purposes.

Where the natural soils are evident they appear to be derived Wianamatta shale with influences of Hawkesbury sandstone. The top soils generally range from brown loam to hardsetting brown clay loam. Within the lower parts of the site alluvial sandstone soils have been deposited along the drainage line.

Based upon this information and the topography, it is considered that the soils are consistent with that described as the Glenorie Soil Landscape (Chapman & Murphy 1989).

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2.3.2 Glenorie Soil Landscape on site The Glenorie Soil Landscape is described as having local relief of 50m – 80m, slopes 5 - 20% and comprising of either: narrow ridges, hillcrests and valleys.

The soils are described as being shallow to moderately deep with red to brown podsolic soils on the upper slopes, yellow podsolic soils on the lower slopes and gleyed podsolic soils along drainage lines (Chapman & Murphy 1989).

2.4 Catchment

The Nield Avenue road reserve and existing residential properties on the site together with the upslope developments collect, overland flows in drains & gutters, concentrating and conveying flows in the Council’s piped inter-allotment drainage system.

This piped drainage system appears to run in a southerly direction to discharge into Gore Creek and inturn the lower parts of the Lane Cove River.

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2.5 Site vegetation

2.5.1 Vegetation / landscape units The the site retains very few indigenous species that are characteristic of the original ecological community.

The vegetation consists of planted exotic species, noxious and environmental weed species, planted non-indigenous native species with several planted and remnant indigenous species. The canopy trees consist of a mix of planted exotic specimen trees and remnant indigenous species. Based upon the arboricultural assessment (Footprint Green, 2008) there are 119 trees on the site consisting of:

 68 exotic trees;  37 non indigenous native trees, and  14 planted or remnant indigenous trees.

Of the 14 indigenous trees, the most prominent are 6 Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna). Many of these Blue Gums and those within 1km of the site have hybridised with Bangalay (Eucalyptus botryoides) and are Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides having bark and fruit characteristics of both species.

The vegetation on the site has been grouped into 3 main units based upon similarities in the vegetation’s physical structure, floristic composition, level of disturbance and the current land use. Detailed species lists for each area are identified in Table 3.3.1. These vegetation units are:

 Area A – Road Reserve Island & Nature Strip (245m2 approx.);  Area B – Residential Landscape consisting of the properties 1, 2, 3 5, 6, 7, 7a & 8 Nield Ave (2,590m2 approx.), and  Area C - Urban Gully consisting of the properties of 4a & 4b Nield Ave (705m2 approx.).

The built upon and paved areas of the site are not considered in this section however it consist of:

 Built Upon Areas – The building footprints, driveways, paved areas, the formed roadway and driveway accesses (4,030m2 approx.).

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2.6 Existing site plan showing vegetation units

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2.6.1 Area A – Road Reserve Island & Nature Strip Area A consists of the vegetation island in the roadway turning circle at the end of Nield Avenue and the nature strip areas outside the residential allotments.

The vegetation consists of a remnant tree planted indigenous trees and mown grass areas.

This area is dominated by the large remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) at the eastern end of the traffic island. To the west of this tree there are several Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) along with White-feather Honeymyrtles (Melaleuca decora) that are likely to be planted specimens.

The traffic island and the area outside the surrounding allotments are regularly mown and there are no signs of natural regeneration occurring, however small pockets of Basket Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis) and Hydrocotyle peduncularis persist amongst the mown exotic grasses.

Figure 2.3. Area A, with the large remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) in the foreground.

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2.6.2 Area B – Residential Landscape; Area B consist of the properties of No’s.1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7a & 8 Nield Avenue.

This area has been developed and modified with landscape terraces, open lawn areas, formal and informal gardens typical of many developed residences in the local urban area. Currently the majority of the allotments are neglected and many parts are covered with a dense layer of Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) and Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia) along with other declared noxious or recognised environmental pest species.

Figure 2.4. Typical example of the neglected areas of the site covered with Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia).

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2.6.3 Area C - Urban Gully This area is located in the western portion of the site below the residence of 4a & 4b.

This area consists of a terraced embankment with low stone retaining walls and an open depression running in a north/south direction with sloping ground below the dwelling on 4a & 4b Nield Avenue. A drainage easement runs through this area with a large underground concrete pipe that conveys stormwater flows from Nield Avenue connecting with the Council’s down stream drainage system. A drainage pit is located on the boundary of the site adjoining No. 17G Bellevue Avenue, Greenwich.

This area retains several indigenous trees including Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna), Black Wattle (Acacia decurrens), Cheese Tree (Glochidion ferdinandi); non indigenous native trees such as Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata), Tallow- wood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta) Mountain Cedar Wattle (Acacia elata); and exotic plantings such as Poplar (Populus sp.), Plane Tree (Platanus sp.) and Liquidambars (Liquidambar styraciflua).

The understorey is relatively open and includes Lemon Tree (Citrus limon), Hills Fig (Ficus microcarpa x hillii), Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) and the ground cover is a dense layer of Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis), Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia) and Palm Grass (Setaria palmifolia).

Figure 2.4. Typical example of vegetation in the Area C.

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3. Flora & fauna survey

3.1 Flora species survey methods

3.1.1 Flora literature search Flora records were obtained from the Department of Environment & Conservation’s (DECC) Wildlife Atlas and BioNet database searching a 5km radius from the site (AMG co-ordinates E 331900 and N 6255800).

3.1.2 Flora field surveys The flora survey covered an area of approximately 3,550m2 over the entire allotment using the Random Meander Method described by Cropper (1993). The initial field survey was conducted on the 11/04/08 involving 8 person hours. Where some taxonomic uncertainty exists, samples were taken for verification using recognised floristic keys.

Specific effort was undertaken to identify optimal and sub-optimal habitats of threatened species and communities and in these areas detailed searches were undertaken.

Species identifications are consistent with the nomenclature in Harden (1992, 1993, 2000 & 2002) with recent name changes as amended in the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney publication Cunninghamia.

3.2 Fauna species survey methods

3.2.1 Fauna Literature search Fauna records were obtained from the Department of Environment & Conservation’s (DECC) Wildlife Atlas and BioNet database searching a 5km radius from the site (AMG co-ordinates E 331900 and N 6255800).

3.2.2 Fauna field surveys Because of the extent of disturbance and modifications to the site, the following surveys and assessments were carried out

3.2.2.1 Habitat Assessment Because of the extent of site modifications a habitat assessment was conducted noting key habitat features and to identify potential habitats where threatened fauna species could reside or forage.

3.2.2.2 Bat surveys Because of the cryptic nature of many bat species ultrasonic bat detection was undertaken at dusK of the evening on the 12th April 2008 commencing at 6:00pm (EST) and finishing at 8:00am (EST) focusing on the large mature Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) within the Nield Avenue road reserve. Ultrasonic bat detection was also carried out from dusk to dawn on the 29th / 30th April commencing at 5.40pm (EST) through to 8:18am (EST).

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Bat ultrasonic recordings were taken using an Anabat II detector with a digital ZCAIM storage unit and recordings were identified by Ecotone Environmental Consultants.

3.2.2.3 Nocturnal fauna sightings Spotlighting was conducted to identify frogs, bats, mammals and nocturnal birds and reptiles and specifically targeted small ground mammals, possums, gliders, and owls. A 60-minute survey was undertaken on and adjacent the site using 2 100-watt hand held spotlights. This survey was conducted on early evening for 120 minutes on the 12/04/08.

3.2.2.4 Opportunistic sighting, calls, scats and scratchings During the course of individual surveys opportunistic; observations, calls, scats, tracks and scratchings were also recorded both within the study area and locally off site.

3.3 Fungi species survey methods

3.3.1 Fungi Literature search Fungi records were obtained from the Department of Environment & Conservation’s (DEC) Wildlife Atlas database searching a 5km radius from the site (AMG co-ordinates E 331900 and N 6255800).

3.3.2 Fungi field surveys The fungi survey was initially carried out in conjunction with the flora survey covering an area of approximately 3,550m2 over the entire allotment using the Random Meander Method described by Cropper (1993). This initial field survey was conducted on the 11/04/08 and a more specific, targeted survey was undertaken within the urban gully, Area C (refer 2.6 & 2.6.3) on the 5th May 2008.

The fungi survey and habitat assessment of the urban gully area, Area C, was conducted with the assistance of Mr. Ray Kearney from the Sydney Fungal Studies Group.

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3.4 Survey findings

3.4.1 Flora species data The following table identifies flora species:

 listed in the schedules of the Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth) and recorded within 5km of the site in the Wildlife Atlas (DECC 2008);  listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and recorded within 5km of the site in the Wildlife Atlas (DECC 2008);  listed in Schedule 13 of the National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW) and recorded on site; and  recorded on the site as part of field surveys (note not all planted exotic horticultural species have been included).

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Recorded Recorded Recorded DECC Conservation On Site - On Site - On Site - Genus species Common Name Autochthony Wildlife Atlas Status Area A Area B Area C - Recorded,  - Planted Native Species. Unprotected / Protected - Schedule 13 National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW / Critically Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Noxious - Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth).     Agave sp. Agave Introduced Unprotected     Asparagus aeothopicus Asparagus Fern Introduced Noxious     Asplenium australasicum Bird's Nest Fern Native Unprotected     Azalea sp. Horticultural Azalea Introduced Unprotected     Bidens pilosa Cobbler's Peg Introduced Unprotected     Bougainvillea sp. Bougainvillea Introduced Unprotected     Caladenia tessellata Thick Lip Spider Orchid Indigenous Endangered NSW     Callistemon linearifolius Netted Bottle Brush Indigenous Vulnerable NSW     Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Native Unprotected     Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern Indigenous Protected     Camellia japonica Camellia Introduced Unprotected     Camellia sasanqua Camellia Introduced Unprotected     Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak Indigenous Unprotected     Cayratia clematidea Slender Grape Indigenous Unprotected     Cedrus deodara Himalayan Cedar Introduced Unprotected     Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum Introduced Noxious     Chlorophytum comosum Ribbon / Spider Plant Introduced Unprotected     Christella dentata Binung Indigenous Unprotected     Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel Introduced Noxious     Citharexylum spinosum Fiddlewood Introduced Unprotected     Citrus limon Lemon Tree Introduced Unprotected     Clivia miniata Kaffir Lily Introduced Unprotected     Colocasia esculenta Taro Introduced Unprotected     Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed / Native Wandering Indigenous Unprotected Jew     Conyza sp. Fleabane Introduced Unprotected     Cordyline australis - Native Unprotected     Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Indigenous Unprotected

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Recorded Recorded Recorded DECC Conservation On Site - On Site - On Site - Genus species Common Name Autochthony Wildlife Atlas Status Area A Area B Area C - Recorded,  - Planted Native Species. Unprotected / Protected - Schedule 13 National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW / Critically Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Noxious - Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth).     Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Cotoneaster Introduced Unprotected     Crassocephalum crepidioides Thickhead Introduced Unprotected     Cupressus sp. Cypress Introduced Unprotected     Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress Introduced Unprotected     Cyathea australis Rough Treefern Indigenous Protected     Cyathea cooperi Straw Treefern Native Protected     Cynodon dactylon Common Couch Grass Introduced Unprotected     Cyperus brevifolius Mullumbimby Couch Indigenous Unprotected     Darwinia biflora - Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Dichondra repens Kidney Weed Indigenous Unprotected     Dracaena sp. Dracaena Introduced Unprotected     Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass Introduced Unprotected     Eleusine indica Crowsfoot Grass Introduced Unprotected     Epacris purpurascens var. - Indigenous Vulnerable NSW purpurascens     Erigeron sp. Seaside Daisy Introduced Unprotected     Erigeron karvinskianus Bony-tip Fleabane Introduced Unprotected     Eriobotrya japonica Loquat Introduced Unprotected     Eucalyptus botryoides Bangalay Indigenous Unprotected     Eucalyptus camfieldii Heart-Leaved Stringybark Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Eucalyptus microcorys Tallow-wood Native Unprotected     Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-Leaf Peppermint Native Vulnerable NSW     Eucalyptus saligna Sydney Blue Gum Indigenous Unprotected     Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides Blue Gum / Bangalay Indigenous Unprotected     Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia Introduced Unprotected     Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Native Unprotected     Ficus microcarpa Weeping Fig Native Unprotected     Ficus microcarpa x hillii Hills Fig Native Unprotected

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Recorded Recorded Recorded DECC Conservation On Site - On Site - On Site - Genus species Common Name Autochthony Wildlife Atlas Status Area A Area B Area C - Recorded,  - Planted Native Species. Unprotected / Protected - Schedule 13 National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW / Critically Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Noxious - Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth).     Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig / Rusty Fig Indigenous Unprotected     Gardenia sp. Horticultural Gardenia Introduced Unprotected     Genoplesium baueri Midge Orchids Indigenous Vulnerable NSW     Geranium homeanum - Indigenous Unprotected     Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree Indigenous Unprotected     Gnaphalium sp. Cudweed Introduced Unprotected     Grevillea robusta Silky Oak Introduced Unprotected     Hedera helix English Ivy Introduced Unprotected     Hedychium gardnerianum Ginger Lily Introduced Unprotected     Hibiscus spp. Horticultural Hibiscus Introduced Unprotected     Howea forsteriana Kentia Palm Native Unprotected     Hydrocotyle peduncularis - Indigenous Unprotected     Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern Indigenous Unprotected     Impatiens balsamina Impatiens Introduced Unprotected     Ipomoea indica Blue Morning Glory Introduced Noxious     Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda Introduced Unprotected     Jasminum polyanthum White Jasmine Introduced Unprotected     Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Introduced Unprotected     Lasiopetalum joyceae - Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Leptospermum deanei - Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-Scented Tea Tree Native Unprotected     Ligustrum lucidum Large Leaf Privet Introduced Noxious     Ligustrum sinense Small Leaf Privet Introduced Noxious     Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Introduced Unprotected     Liriope sp. Liriope Introduced Unprotected     Livistona australis Cabbage Palm / Fan Palm Native Protected     Magnolia sp. Magnolia Introduced Unprotected     Magnolia soulangeana Magnolia Introduced Unprotected

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Recorded Recorded Recorded DECC Conservation On Site - On Site - On Site - Genus species Common Name Autochthony Wildlife Atlas Status Area A Area B Area C - Recorded,  - Planted Native Species. Unprotected / Protected - Schedule 13 National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW / Critically Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Noxious - Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth).     Melaleuca bracteata Revolution Gold Native Unprotected     Melaleuca deanei Deane's Melaleuca Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Melaleuca decora White-feather Honeymyrtle Indigenous Unprotected     Melaleuca quinquenervia Paperbark Indigenous Unprotected     Metrosideros excelsa New Zealand Christmas Tree Introduced Unprotected     Michelia figo Port Wine Magnolia Introduced Unprotected     Monstera deliciosa Fruit-salad Plant Introduced Unprotected     Murraya paniculata Orange Blossom Introduced Unprotected     Musa sp. Banana Introduced Unprotected     Nandina domestica Sacred Bamboo Introduced Unprotected     Nephrolepis cordifolia Fishbone Fern Introduced Unprotected     Nerium oleander Oleander Introduced Unprotected     Ochna serrulata Ochna Introduced Noxious     Oplismenus imbecillis Basket Grass Indigenous Unprotected     Oxalis latifolia Introduced Unprotected     Parietaria judaica Asthma Weed / Pellitory Introduced Noxious     Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum Introduced Unprotected     Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu Grass Introduced Unprotected     Phyllostachys nigra Black Bamboo Introduced Unprotected     Phyllota sp. Phyllota Introduced Unprotected     Phytolacca octandra Ink Weed Introduced Unprotected     Pinus radiata Monterey Pine / Radiata Pine Introduced Unprotected     Pistacia chinensis Pistacia Introduced Unprotected     Pittosporum undulatum Native Daphne Indigenous Unprotected     Platanus orientalis Plane Tree Introduced Unprotected     Plumbago auriculata Plumbago Introduced Unprotected     Populus nigra 'Italica' Black Lombardy Poplar Introduced Unprotected     Prunus persica Peach Introduced Unprotected

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Recorded Recorded Recorded DECC Conservation On Site - On Site - On Site - Genus species Common Name Autochthony Wildlife Atlas Status Area A Area B Area C - Recorded,  - Planted Native Species. Unprotected / Protected - Schedule 13 National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW / Critically Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Noxious - Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth).     Quercus palustris Pin Oak Introduced Unprotected     Rhaphiolepis indica Indian Hawthorn Introduced Unprotected     Rothmannia globosa - Introduced Unprotected     Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella Tree Introduced Unprotected     Setaria palmifolia Palm Grass Introduced Unprotected     Solanum nigrum Blackberry Nightshade Introduced Unprotected     Soliva sessilis Bindyi Introduced Unprotected     Sporobolus virginicus Sand Couch Introduced Unprotected     Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass Introduced Unprotected     Strelitzia sp. Bird of Paradise Introduced Unprotected     Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lillypilly Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Introduced Unprotected     Tetratheca glandulosa Glandular Pink-bell Indigenous Vulnerable NSW, Cwth     Tetratheca juncea Indigenous Vulnerable NSW     Thesium australe Austral Toadflax Indigenous Vulnerable NSW     Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew Introduced Noxious     Viburnum sp. - Introduced Unprotected     Viola hederacea Ivy-Leaved Violet Indigenous Unprotected     Washingtonia robusta Mexican Fan Palm Introduced Unprotected     Wisteria sp. Wisteria Introduced Unprotected

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3.4.2 Fauna species data The following table identifies fauna species:

DECC Recorded On Conservation Wildlife Class Genus species Common Name Site Status Atlas - Recorded / Identified, qRecord Highly Probable,  Record Probable,  Record Likely / Possible. Unprotected / Protected - National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwlth / Endangered Cwlth / Vulnerable Cwlth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth)   Amphibia Pseudophryne australis Red-crowned Toadlet Vulnerable NSW   Aves Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern Vulnerable NSW   Aves Burhinus grallarius Bush Stone-curlew Endangered NSW   Aves Calyptorhynchus lathami Glossy Black-Cockatoo Vulnerable NSW   Aves Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand Plover Vulnerable NSW, Migratory & Marine species Cwlth   Aves Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross Endangered NSW, Vulnerable Cwth   Aves Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Black-necked Stork Endangered NSW   Aves Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie Protected   Aves Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher Vulnerable NSW   Aves Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern Vulnerable NSW   Aves Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot Endangered NSW, Cwlth   Aves Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner Protected   Aves Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy-Goose Endangered NSW   Aves Ninox connivens Barking Owl Vulnerable NSW   Aves Ninox strenua Powerful Owl Vulnerable NSW   Aves Pandion haliaetus Osprey Vulnerable NSW   Aves Ptilinopus superbus Superb Fruit-Dove Vulnerable NSW   Aves Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet Protected

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DECC Recorded On Conservation Wildlife Class Genus species Common Name Site Status Atlas - Recorded / Identified, qRecord Highly Probable,  Record Probable,  Record Likely / Possible. Unprotected / Protected - National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwlth / Endangered Cwlth / Vulnerable Cwlth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth)   Mammalia Arctocephalus forsteri New Zealand Fur-seal Vulnerable NSW   Mammalia Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus Australian Fur-seal Vulnerable NSW   Mammalia Dasyurus maculatus Spotted-tailed Quoll Vulnerable NSW   Mammalia Eubalaena australis Southern Right Whale Endangered NSW, Cwlth   Mammalia Felis catus Cat Unprotected   Mammalia Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis Eastern Bent-wing Bat Vulnerable NSW, Cwth   Mammalia Petaurus australis Yellow-bellied Glider Vulnerable NSW   Mammalia Pteropus alecto Black Flying-fox Vulnerable   Mammalia Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox Vulnerable NSW, Cwth   Mammalia Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum Protected   Reptillia Lampropholis delicata Dark-flecked Garden Sunskink / Delicate Skink Protected   Reptillia Varanus rosenbergi Rosenberg's Goanna /Heath Monitor Vulnerable NSW

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3.4.3 Fungi species data The following table identifies fungi species:

 listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and recorded within 5km of the site in the Wildlife Atlas (DECC 2008),  recorded on the site as part of field surveys.

DECC Recorded On Conservation Wildlife Order Genus species Common Name Site Status Atlas - Recorded / Identified, qRecord Highly Probable,  Record Probable,  Record Likely / Possible. Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwlth / Endangered Cwlth / Vulnerable Cwlth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth)   Agaricales Armillaria sp. - Common   Agaricales Camarophyllopsis kearneyi - Endangered NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe anomala var. ianthinomarginata - Vulnerable NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe aurantipes - Vulnerable NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe austropratensis - Endangered NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe collucera - Endangered NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe griseoramosa - Endangered NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe lanecovensis - Endangered NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe reesiae - Vulnerable NSW   Agaricales Hygrocybe rubronivea - Vulnerable NSW

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3.4.4 Ecological communities data

The following table identifies ecological communities based upon community descriptions identified by NSW Department Environment Climate Change (2002), those identified by Benson & Howell (1994) and includes communities:

 listed in the schedules of the Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth) and recorded in the vicinity of the site (DECC, 2002);  listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and recorded in the vicinity of the site (DECC, 2002);  considered as possibly occurring within the region, and  recorded on the site from field surveys and where possible the description is either consistent with those described by Benson & Howell (1994) or consistent with nominated threatened ecological communities described by NSW Scientific Committee.

DECC (2002) Recorded Conservation Community name Mapping On Site Status Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth)   Some Blue Gum High Forest Critically Endangered NSW, component Cwlth species   Some Endangered NSW, Cwlth component Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest  species  Common

  Urban Lawns & Gardens 

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3.4.5 Fungi community data The following table identifies fungi communities:

 listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and recorded in the vicinity of the site (DECC, 2008);  recorded on the site from field surveys.  DECC Recorded Conservation Community name Mapping On Site Status Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Critically Endangered Cwth / Endangered Cwth / Vulnerable Cwth - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth)  Hygrocybeae community of Lane Cove Bushland Park Endangered NSW,  

3.4.6 Population data The following table identifies threatened populations:

Recorded Conservation DEC Wildlife Atlas Type Population Name on Site Status

Vulnerable NSW / Endangered NSW - Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW),  Fauna Gang-gang Cockatoo, Callocephalon fimbriatum (Grant), population in the Hornsby and Ku-ring-gai Local Endangered NSW Government Areas 

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4. Original Vegetation community

4.1 Site limitations in determining the original vegetation community

With the site being extensively modified for urban development and infrastructure it is difficult to accurately categorise the original vegetation community in terms of the classifications used in published mapping by NSW Department of Environment & Climate Change (2002) and the definitions of endangered ecological communities determined by the NSW Scientific Committee.

The subject site consists of a formed road reserve with traffic island and 9 developed residential allotments. The modifications of the habitats and vegetation have resulted in very few indigenous species remaining and over a total site area of 7,570m2 of consist of:

 27 indigenous species some of which may be planted, out of a total of 130 species recorded on site.

Based upon field observations, it was considered that conducting 400m2 quadrat survey in any area of the site would not provide the minimum number of native species to confidently categorise the original vegetation community using the models developed by Tozer (2003).

The most prominent tree species on the site are the Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) and the Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides). Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) are positive diagnostic species of both the critically endangered Blue Gum High Forest and the endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

Within the local area isolated remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) and Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) are found growing as street trees and within private land. Remnant Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera) also occur within 250m of the site in Bellevue Avenue and Ulonga Avenue Greenwich. Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera) are positive diagnostic species of both the Turpentine Ironbark Forest and Turpentine Ironbark Margin Forest, both of which are sub-forms of the Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

4.2 Published mapping

Based upon the published mapping, Native Vegetation of the Cumberland Plain, sheet 10 of 16 (DECC, 2002) the vegetation community on the site is identified as once being Turpentine Ironbark Margin Forest but now <10% of the tree canopy exists in an urban area.

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Figure 4.1 Extract from map 10 of 16 Native Vegetation of the Cumberland Plan (DECC, 2002), showing the site. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/vegmapCumberlandPlain1 0Syd-NorthShore.pdf

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4.3 Analysis of floristic data

Because of the limited number of indigenous species and limited extent of indigenous vegetation on site, it is considered that conducting a 400m2 quadrat survey would not result in adequate data to assist with characterising the original community.

The site has been planted with a number of native species such as Tallow-wood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and several indigenous species such as Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) which are outside their normal habitats and are not considered to be part of either the Blue Gum High Forest community, nor the Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest community. Other Indigenous species such as Gosford Wattle (Acacia prominens) could but are unlikely be indigenous to the site as they have been commercially propagated and are sold in nurseries.

Notwithstanding the occurrence of planted indigenous species on the site an attempt has been made to characterise the original vegetation community. In lieu of a quadrat survey, all indigenous species recorded across the entire site, that are not considered to be planted specimens, have been considered. It should be recognised that there are limitations using this approach in relation to the models described by Tozer (2003).

The following table has been compiled using the indigenous species recorded across the entire site that have not been planted, noting their diagnostic (Tozer, 2003) characteristics.

Diagnostic Species (Tozer, 2003) Blue Gum Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Genus species Common Name High Forest Forest Turpentine Turpentine Ironbark Ironbark Forest Margin Forest Acacia decurrens Black Wattle Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern positive Cayratia clematidea Slender Grape positive Christella dentata Binung Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Cyathea australis Rough Treefern Cyperus brevifolius Mullumbimby Couch Dichondra repens Kidney Weed positive constant Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash positive positive Eucalyptus botryoides Bangalay Eucalyptus saligna Sydney Blue Gum positive positive uninformative Eucalyptus saligna x Blue Gum / Bangalay botryoides Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig Geranium homeanum - Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree positive Hydrocotyle peduncularis - Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern Melaleuca decora White-feather Honeymyrtle Oplismenus imbecillis Basket Grass positive positive positive Pittosporum undulatum Native Daphne positive positive

Total Number of Native Species Sum Positive Sum Positive Sum Positive 21 5 6 3

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4.4 Assessment & identification of the vegetation community

4.4.1 Assessment of floristic data The following table summarises the findings of the floristic analysis against the diagnostic models (Tozer, 2003) and compares the results of the analysis.

Minimum No. Native Minimum No. Satisfies No. Native Species No. Positive Positive Criteria Ecological Community Species Recorded Diagnostic Diagnostic (95% Required Required Recorded confidence (Tozer 2003) (Tozer 2003) level) Blue Gum High Forest 34 21 17 5  Sydney Turpentine 33 21 18 6 Turpentine Ironbark Forest  Ironbark Forest Turpentine Ironbark Margin 38 21 11 3  Forest

Whilst the Tozer (2003) model is considered to be a robust model to distinguish between categories of ecological communities, in modified urban areas the model’s application is limited.

It is apparent that there is not adequate floristic data from the site to positively identify the community with any confidence. The site however contains 6 species that are positive diagnostic species of Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest and 5 species that are positive diagnostic species the Blue Gum High Forest.

4.4.2 Physical characteristics describing habitats A number of physical descriptors have been used to identify Blue Gum High Forest and Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest (NSW Scientific Committee, 1998, 2007), (Tozer, 2003), (DECC, 2004a, 2004b)

These descriptors include, altitude, geology and mean annual rainfall and are considered to be general characteristics rather than unique criterion.

Ecological Community Altitude Soil parent material Mean annual rainfall approx. > 100m above Wianamatta Shale >1050mm (Tozer, Blue Gum High Forest sea level. approx. (SC, (SC, 2007) 2003

2007) Turpentine approx. < 100m above Wianamatta Shale 950-1050mm (Tozer, Ironbark Forest sea level (Tozer, 2003) (Tozer, 2003) 2003) Sydney Turpentine Wianamatta Shale <1050mm (Tozer, Turpentine Ironbark Forest with Sandstone 2003 Ironbark Margin influences (Tozer, Forest 2003) 92m above sea level Shale and >4m in 1,135mm – Riverview (Rygate, 2005) depth, shale with iron Observatory (BoM indurated bands and 2008) Site Characteristics sandstone laminae 1,216mm – Sydney (J&K, 2008) Observatory (BoM, 2008)

In considering these physical descriptors in relation to the site characteristics, the descriptors are either approximate, overlapping or generalised and do not provide any additional clarification to distinguish whether the original community on the site was Blue Gum High Forest or Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

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4.5 Community assessment

The floristic analysis of the site has highlighted that the site does not contain sufficient indigenous species to confidently distinguish as to whether the original vegetation community on the site was Blue Gum High Forest or Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest. Notwithstanding the above, the site does contain 5 species that are positive diagnostic species of the Blue Gum High Forest and 6 species that are positive diagnostic species of the Turpentine Ironbark Forest

Consideration of the site’s physical characteristics in relation to published general descriptors has not clearly identified as to whether the original habitats where Blue Gum High Forest or Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

Published mapping by the NSW Department of Environment & Climate Change (NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, 2002) indicates that the site was within the original distribution of Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

In relation to the dominant remnant tree canopy, the local area contains isolated remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides), Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) and scattered Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera) also occur within 250m of the site. Whilst Sydney Blue Gums (Eucalyptus saligna) are positive diagnostic species of both the critically endangered Blue Gum High Forest and the endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest, Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera) are not diagnostic species of the Blue Gum High Forest but are positive diagnostic species of the endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

Whilst there is no conclusive data or model to positively categorise the original community that existing prior to the initial development of the site, based upon the above comments and for the purposes of this assessment, it is considered that the site was once representative of the Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest.

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5. Habitat assessment

5.1 Local & regional habitat context

The site is on the northern side of Sydney harbour within a developed residential and commercial landscape. The landscape is dominated by built structures in association with scattered trees, small parks and sporting fields. Several narrow bushland reserves exist in the region and these are generally associated with drainage lines and creeks.

From a regional perspective the site is within 500m (west) and 700m (south) from the Lane Cove Bushland Park and is within 1km (south east) from the bushland areas of Smoothey Park. From a more local perspective there are several developed open space areas within 1km of the site including: Innes Road Park 200m to the north west, Herringham Playground 400m to the south, Gore Hill Cemetery 200m to the east and Newlands Park 900m to the south east.

Topographically, the site is located towards the crest of the ridgeline that generally follows the alignment of the Pacific Highway. The site is within a small discrete catchment that comprises of residential and commercial developments and the drainage system consists of underground pipes. This constructed drainage system discharges into the lower parts of Gore Creek and inturn the Lane Cove Rover and Port Jackson.

With small pockets of bushland, scattered trees and a developed landscape, the local area has limited habitat potential for native ground dwelling fauna and other species sensitive to habitat modifications and urban activities. Despite the modified habitats urban environments can provide both foraging habitat and core refuge habitat for less sensitive fauna species that either frequent or are common in urban areas.

Within the local urban landscape the remnant trees provide foraging potential for arboreal mammals, bats and birds some of which e.g. Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) are listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (NSW) 1995.

Remnant trees and pockets of vegetation in urban areas can typically provide core refuge habitat for small mammals such as Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) and Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and whilst these may be considered common species they are often the prey of threatened species such as Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua).

5.2 The site habitats

Being developed residential allotments, the habitats on the entire site have been modified.

The Road Reserve Island & Nature Strip (refer 2.6) appears to be mown regularly and underground services such as water, gas, drainage have been installed in the past. The road turning circle island does contains a mature remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) which has a large 1m high and 500mm wide cavity at the base and another 50mm wide smaller hollow at approximately 6m above ground level. Being accessible at ground level the hollow is not considered to be habitat for arboreal mammals or bird species. The basal cavity and smaller higher hollow was the focus of the

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micro-bat survey at dusk of the evening 12th April 2008 commencing at 6:00pm and extending to 8:00pm. No micro-bats were detected using hollows of the mature remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) as roosting habitat. Within this area there are no signs of natural regeneration occurring however some resilient species such as Basket Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis) and Kidney Weed (Dichondra repens) persist within the mown areas on the nature strip.

The large mature remnant Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) within the Nield Avenue traffic island has been reported in the arboricultural assessment (Footprint Green, 2008) as being structurally unstable. Based upon this arboricultural assessment the tree is likely to fail in the future and in its current habitat there will be no natural recruitment to replace the tree.

The Residential Landscape (refer 6.2) has been extensively modified and many of the ground levels have been terraced with low retaining walls. The allotments have been planted with exotic and non indigenous species and in many areas dense thickets of Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia) cover the existing vegetation. Whilst thickets of native and weeds species can provide refuge habitat for ground dwelling fauna, on 2 occasions Cats (Felis catus) were observed on the site during the night.

The Urban Gully area (refer 6.2) appears to be less disturbed than other parts of the site however a piped inter-allotment drainage line has been installed through this area collecting and conveying stormwater flows from Nield Avenue and the allotments above the site. A number of non-indigenous planting such as Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca), Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata) occur within this area along with exotic plantings. The ground cover layer is dominated by Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) along with other problematic weeds such as Palm Grass (Setaria palmifolia). This area was the subject of specific fungi survey conducted with the assistance of Ray Kearney of the Sydney Fungal Studies Group. Upon inspection it was considered that the gully area was too disturbed to be habitat of the threatened Hygrocybeae fungi species and community.

During nocturnal surveys several Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) were observed flying over the site early in the night and the threatened Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis) was recorded during a full night bats survey. The Eastern Bent-wing Bats (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis) and other micro-bats are commonly recorded feeding on moths attracted to lights in urban areas. Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) was also observed on the site and Possum scats were observed inside the vacant dwelling of 4B Nield Avenue.

The site has no defined watercourse apart from the gully area which contains a large inter-allotment piped drain and there are no caves or rock overhangs.

Apart from the large mature tree within the Nield Avenue traffic island, the trees on the site do not appear to be of a condition or age class so as to provide opportunities for substantial habitat hollows. The tree species on the site are not considered to be locally unique in terms of providing available blossoms and nectar as a food source for fauna however they do provide some foraging potential for native fauna as well as potential refuge for bird species and arboreal mammals that are commonly found in urban areas.

Avifauna studies in urban areas have identified that many bird species are selective in their habitat and foraging range, depending upon the extent of tree cover (Catterall, Green & Jones 1991). Certain species are restricted to forest areas, others prefer the forest edges, some have a preference for treed suburbs and others favour urban areas with little tree cover. Although the study was

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restricted to birds they can be considered surrogate indicators for the types of fauna species expected to be found.

The site is considered core habitat for fauna species typically found in urban areas where there is some tree cover. The fauna species in these areas tend to be aggressive species such as Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) and Manorina melanocephala (Noisy Miner) or resilient, adaptable species such as Trichosurus vulpecula (Common Brushtail Possum) or Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Ringtail Possum).

Fauna species with large foraging ranges such as Ninox strenua (Powerful Owl) may nest and breed off site and may occasionally use the lower parts of the site as foraging and roosting habitat. Similarly other species such as the Pteropus poliocephalus (Grey-headed Flying-fox) reside off site may utilise for the trees for foraging purposes.

Being within an urban area, the site is not considered habitat for sensitive fauna such as Regent Bowerbird (Sericulus chrysocephalus), Red-capped Robin (Petroica goodenovii), Scarlet Honeyeater (Myzomela sanguinolenta) whose range does not usually extend outside larger bushland reserves.

5.3 External influences affecting faunal habitat potential

Although small bushland pockets occur within the in the local area, the site’s potential faunal habitat is influenced by external urban activities. These external influences include vehicular movements, noise, modified habitats and the presence of domestic pets and feral animals.

Although some small reptiles such as Lampropholis guichenoti (Pale-flecked Garden Sunskink / Grass Skink) are common in urban areas the external influences limit the site’s potential as habitat for ground dwelling fauna.

5.4 Critical habitat

Critical habitat is declared under the provisions of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (NSW) 1995. This site is not listed as being part of any gazetted critical habitat. Currently the critical habitats listed in the schedules of the Act are

 Gould’s Petrel;  Little Penguin habitat in Sydney’s North Harbour;  Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail in Stott’s Island Nature Reserve;  Wollemia nobilis (the Wollemi pine);  Bomaderry zieria within the Bomaderry bushland - critical habitat recommendation;  Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Endangered Ecological Community - critical habitat recommendation.

The site is not considered to be critical habitat for the purposes of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

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5.5 Threatened species habitat assessment

The following assessment is made of the species, communities or populations identified in the previous data tables despite whether they were recorded as part of this survey or have been recorded previously in the vicinity of the site. The following habitat assessment takes into account the habitats on the site and the relationship between these habitats and those of threatened species, communities and populations.

In accordance with the Threatened Species Assessment Guidelines (DECC 2007) if adequate surveys/studies have been carried out that clearly show that a species: does not occur within the study area; will not use the habitats on the site on occasion, or will not be influenced by off-site impacts, the species does not need further consideration.

5.6 Threatened flora habitat assessment

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Conservation Common Likelihood of Relationship to Genus species Habitat Requirements Status Name Occurrence on site the site  Site not considered habitat of the species,  The species needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Vulnerable Darwinia biflora - Occurs on the edges of weathered shale capped ridges particularly at the intergrade with Hawkesbury Habitat not present,  NSW, Cwth sandstone. Most sites are on Lucas Heights Soil Landscape. The vegetation association often includes unlikely to occur Eucalyptus haemastoma, Corymbia gummifera and or E. squamosa and the structure is usually  woodland, open forest or scrub-heath (NPWS 2003). Vulnerable Epacris - Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens is found at 30 locations in and around Sydney extending from Habitat disturbed  NSW purpurascens var. Gosford in the north, Narrabeen in the east, Silverdale in the west and Avon Dam vicinity in the south. Its and no longer purpurascens habitat consists of ridgetop drainage depressions supporting wet heath within or adjoining shale cap present, unlikely to  communities such as Stringybark and Ironbark woodlands and various shale/sandstone transition forest occur (NPWS, 2002) Vulnerable Eucalyptus Heart-Leaved This species is found on lateritic soils of the Mittagong formation and in Hawkesbury sandstone. Usually Habitat not present,  NSW, Cwth camfieldii Stringybark located on upper slopes and ridge tops its habitat is characterized by well drained soils and associated unlikely to occur with dry sclerophyll woodlands and scrub.  Vulnerable Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-Leaf The species is endemic on the northern tablelands of NSW however it is widely planted as an urban Habitat not present,  NSW Peppermint street tree and in gardens It is quite rare in the wild and is confined to the New England Tablelands of unlikely to naturally NSW, where it occurs from Nundle to north of Tenterfield, largely on private property. The species grows occur.  in dry grassy woodland, on shallow and infertile soils, mainly on growing on porphyry or granite soils (Brooker & Kleinig, 1999). Vulnerable Genoplesium baueri Midge Is a terrestrial herb that grows in sparse sclerophyll forests and moss gardens over sandstone from the Habitat disturbed  NSW Orchids Hunter Valley to the Nowra district (Harden 1993). The species has been recorded from locations and no longer between Nowra and Pittwater and may occur as far north as Port Stephens. About half the records were present, unlikely to  made before 1960 with most of the older records being from Sydney suburbs including Asquith, Cowan, occur Gladesville, Longueville and Wahroonga. The species has been recorded at locations now likely to be within the following conservation reserves: Berowra Valley Regional Park, Royal National Park and Lane Cove National Park (NSW Scientific Committee 2004). Vulnerable Lasiopetalum - The species is typically occurs on ridgetops of the Hornsby Plateau and is known to occur from at 34 Habitat disturbed  NSW, Cwth joyceae sites between Berrilee and Duffys Forest. It is an erect open shrub and is found growing on and no longer shale/sandstone transitional soils often associated with laterites. It can be found growing within a variety present, unlikely to  of communities ranging from open forests, woodlands & heathland. occur Vulnerable Leptospermum - Found in Devlin’s Creek in Pennant Hills Park, Cheltenham, amongst sandstone rocks in sandy soil Habitat not present,  NSW, Cwth deanei adjacent creek/watercourse. unlikely to occur  Vulnerable Melaleuca deanei Deane's Found in similar habitats to Darwinia biflora, it occurs on the edges of weathered shale capped ridges Habitat not present,  NSW, Cwth Melaleuca particularly at the intergrade with Hawkesbury sandstone. Most sites are on Lucas Heights Soil unlikely to occur Landscape and prefers an open habitat.  Vulnerable Syzygium Magenta The species has been known to be associated with coastal dunes and Littoral Rainforest and is also Habitat disturbed  NSW, Cwth paniculatum Lillypilly found in riparian habitats (Payne 1997). The species has been commercially propagated and sold and is and no longer known to have been planted in a variety of urban habitats. The species been recorded growing on moist present, unlikely to  slopes on Narrabeen Group geology (Smith & Smith 2000). naturally occur Vulnerable Tetratheca Glandular This species typically grows on dryer open sites of Hawkesbury sandstone and can be found in open Habitat not present,  NSW, Cwth glandulosa Pink-bell forests, woodlands and scrub. Grows in sandy or rocky heath or scrub (Gardner & Murray ex. Harden unlikely to occur 1992). 

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5.7 Threatened fauna habitat assessment

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Conservation Likelihood of Relationship Class Genus species Common Name Habitat Status (NSW) Occurrence on site to the site  Site not considered habitat of the species,  The species needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Vulnerable Aves Callocephalon Gang-gang With a range restricted to south eastern NSW and south eastern Victoria the species Core breeding NSW fimbriatum Cockatoo feeds on terminal leaves of eucalypts or in hawthorn hedges and nests in deep hollows in habit not present, eucalypts (Slater 1993). The species occurs in a variety of forests and woodlands and the low foraging  last known breeding population in metropolitan Sydney area is in the Hornsby/ Ku-ring-gai potential. Unlikely area. The species shows a strong nest site fidelity (NSW Scientific Committee 2001). to occur. Vulnerable Aves Calyptorhynchus Glossy Black- Considered rare in a national context, but moderately common in N.S.W. Because of its Core breeding NSW lathami Cockatoo dependence on one type of food it is considered to be vulnerable. It nests in large hollows habitat not present, of dead trees and roosts in both wet and dry eucalypts, feeding on Casuarina and low foraging  Allocasuarina seeds. The species forages in open Casuarina woodland, primarily where potential. the Forest Oak Allocasuarina torulosa occurs. Vulnerable Aves Charadrius Lesser Sand The Lesser Sand Plover breeds in central and north eastern Asia, migrating further south Habitat not  NSW, Migratory mongolus Plover for winter. In Australia the species is found around the entire coast but is most common in present, unlikely to & Marine the Gulf of Carpentaria, and along the east coast of Queensland and northern NSW. occur  species Cwlth Individuals are rarely recorded south of the Shoalhaven estuary, and there are few inland records. The species is almost entirely coastal in NSW, favouring the beaches of sheltered bays, harbours and estuaries with large intertidal sandflats or mudflats; occasionally occurs on sandy beaches, coral reefs and rock platforms. It is frequently seen in flocks exceeding 100 individuals and is also often seen foraging and roosting with other wader species. The Lesser Sand Plover roosts during high tide on sandy beaches, spits and rocky shores and forages individually or in scattered flocks on wet ground at low tide, usually away from the water’s edge. Their diet includes insects, crustaceans, molluscs and marine worms and its prey is usually detected visually as the birds make short, quick runs, with abrupt stops to lunge at the ground or look for prey (NPWS, 1999). Endangered Aves Diomedea Wandering The species breeds in Australia, South Africa and South Georgia and in Australia it Habitat not  NSW, exulans Albatross breeds on Macquarie Island. The immature birds remain at sea for the first 3-11 years of present, unlikely to Vulnerable their life, until they return to their natal colony (Environment Australia 2001). occur  Cwth Endangered Aves Ephippiorhynchus Black-necked The species inhabits permanent freshwater wetlands including margins of billabongs, Habitat not  NSW asiaticus Stork swamps, shallow floodwaters, and adjacent grasslands and savannah woodlands; can present, unlikely to also be found occasionally on inter-tidal shorelines, mangrove margins and estuaries. occur  Feeds in shallow, still water on a variety of prey including fish, frogs, eels, turtles, crabs and snakes. A large nest, up to 2 m in diameter, is made in a live or dead tree, in or near a freshwater swamp. The species is widespread across coastal northern and eastern Australia, becoming increasingly uncommon further south into NSW, and rarely south of Sydney. Some birds may move long distances and can be recorded well outside their normal range (NSW Scientific Committee, 1998) Vulnerable Aves Haematopus Pied Favouring ocean beaches and estuarine sand and mudflats, the bird typically nests near Habitat not  NSW longirostris Oystercatcher the high tide mark and feeds in the inter-tidal zone. Its prey molluscs, marine worms and present, unlikely to occasionally small fish. occur  Vulnerable Aves Ixobrychus Black Bittern Is known to inhabit mangroves and streamside vegetation including small creeks. Habitat not  NSW flavicollis Feeding is mostly undertaken at night where they stand and wait for small insects, present, unlikely to crustaceans and small fish. occur 

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Conservation Likelihood of Relationship Class Genus species Common Name Habitat Status (NSW) Occurrence on site to the site  Site not considered habitat of the species,  The species needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Endangered Aves Lathamus Swift Parrot The Swift Parrot inhabits eucalypt forests and breeds in hollows of mature and senescing Core breeding NSW, Cwlth discolour trees in Tasmania. On the mainland it feeds off winter flowering Eucalypts although it will habit in Tasmania, also feed on lerps, honeydew, Banksia nectar, fruits, seeds and other plant material as low foraging well as insects and their larvae (Forshaw & Cooper 1981, Garnett 1992). In New South potential. Wales important foraging tree species include, Eucalyptus macrocarpa (Grey Box), Eucalyptus sideroxylon (Mugga Ironbark) on the western slopes and Eucalyptus tereticornis (Forest Red Gum), Eucalyptus fibrosa (Red Iron Bark), Corymbia maculata  (Spotted Gum), Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp Mahogany) and Corymbia gummifera (Red Bloodwood) (Swift Parrot Recovery Team, 2000). Since 1980 there have been some 60 sightings recorded in the Wildlife Atlas database (DEC 2008) within the Sydney Metropolitan Areas and locally small flocks were reported at Ingleside in 1986 (Cooper 1990). In 1938 hundreds of Swift Parrots were reported feeding in Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp Mahogany) in Warriewood (Hindwood 1939). Endangered Aves Nettapus Cotton Pygmy- It is locally common in eastern Queensland and is rare in NSW. Its typical habitat is on Habitat not  NSW coromandelianus Goose Lilly covered lagoons, dams and ponds (Slater 1993). present, unlikely to occur  Vulnerable Aves Ninox connivens Barking Owl The species can be found inhabiting Eucalypt forests, Paperbark and other woodlands, Core breeding NSW dense scrubs, foothills; river red gums and other large trees near watercourses. The habit not present, species is dependant on large hollows of mature eucalypts for nests. The bird feeds on low foraging  prey such as rabbits, rats, gliders and birds such as Rosella and starlings (Smith & Smith potential. 2000). Vulnerable Aves Ninox strenua Powerful Owl The species has a range of 400 -1500ha (Davey 1993) and is known to nest in hollows in Core breeding NSW Eucalypts between 9-37m above ground usually in secluded well-vegetated gullies and habit not present, usually occupying the largest emergent trees. Powerful Owls live alone or in pairs which low foraging occupy a permanent territory containing a number of roost sites and one or more nesting potential.  sites. The species feeds over a large range on small to medium sized mammals, including gliders, ringtail possum and immature brushtail possums. Vulnerable Aves Pandion Osprey Ospreys are found right around the Australian coast line, except for Victoria and Habitat not  NSW haliaetus Tasmania and are rare breeders in southern NSW. They are common around the present, unlikely to northern coast, especially on rocky shorelines, islands and reefs, however the species is occur  uncommon to rare or absent from closely settled parts of south-eastern Australia. There are only a few records of the species from inland areas. Its preferred habitat is sheltered waters in bays estuaries and coastal river. In NSW their diet consisted primarily of mullet species, particularly the Sea Mullet (Mugil cephalus), and Yellowfin Bream (Acanthopagrus australis). Vulnerable Aves Ptilinopus Superb Fruit- It is a nomadic species known to occur from Indonesia, New Guinea, and north-eastern Not considered to NSW superbus Dove Queensland. It is considered to be a regular Autumn Winter migrant to the Hunter, be core breeding Sydney and Illawarra regions. It is a common species in much of its usual range in habitat, low  northern Australia and is considered a vagrant but scarce species in N.S.W. (Slatter foraging potential. 1993). Unlikely to occur.

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Conservation Likelihood of Relationship Class Genus species Common Name Habitat Status (NSW) Occurrence on site to the site  Site not considered habitat of the species,  The species needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Vulnerable Mammalia Dasyurus Spotted-tailed Found in a range of habitats and generally preying on medium size mammals and birds Core breeding NSW, maculatus Quoll such as possums, small wallabies, rats, birds, domestic fowl, bandicoots, rabbits and also habit not present, Endangered feed on insects and carrion. It is estimated that the range of the species is in the order of unlikely to forage Cwth 500 – 3000ha using hollow-bearing trees, fallen logs, small caves, rock crevices, boulder within densely  fields and rocky-cliff faces as den sites. developed urban areas. Unlikely to occur. Vulnerable Mammalia Miniopterus Common The species has been recorded along the north coast of Australia from Qld to Vic and Not considered to NSW schreibersii (Eastern) Bent- parts of northern WA and NT. Having been recorded in a variety of habitats it is typically be core roosting wing Bat found in well-timbered valleys. It roosts during the daylight hours in caves and has been habitat, some  recorded roosting in large storm water pipes. They fly quickly above tree tops in valleys, foraging potential. making fast dives to catch prey which are insects, mostly moths. Vulnerable Mammalia Petaurus Yellow-bellied Known to occur in a variety of habitats, they are usually associated with tall mature wet Core breeding NSW australis Glider eucalypts. Their dens are often located in smooth barked eucalypts and their diet habit not present, includes sap, nectar, honeydew and manna as well as insects. The species is known to unlikely to forage have a large home range of about 35 hectares and may travel up to 2km to forage in a within densely  single night. developed urban areas. Unlikely to occur. Vulnerable Mammalia Pteropus alecto Black Flying-fox The species is one of the largest bats in Australia and common along the coastal areas of Outside natural NSW Qld, NthrnTerritory and northern WA. There is only 1 record of the species within the range of the Sydney area within the last 30 years. They commonly roost in large numbers in camps species. Not often in mangroves and paperbark swamp habitats. They are known to travel as far as considered to be  50km to feed on flowers of Eucalypts, Melaleucas, and Turpentines (Hall 1995). roosting habitat low foraging potential. Unlikely to occur. Vulnerable Mammalia Pteropus Grey-headed The species has 2 permanent maternal colonies in Sydney at Gordon and at Cabramatta. No considered to NSW, Cwth poliocephalus Flying-fox Other temporary colonies exist at the Botanical Gardens. The species predominately be roosting habitat feeds on nectar and when blossoms are unavailable it feeds on fruit. limited foraging  potential. Vulnerable Reptilia Varanus Rosenberg's Mostly a terrestrial species, the Heath Monitor inhabits burrows logs and rock crevices Habitat not NSW rosenbergi Goanna /Heath (Cogger 2000). It is a mobile species that occupies a home range of about 1.39 ha (Land present, unlikely to Monitor & Environment Planning 1994) and typically inhabits woodland and heath found on occur.  sandstone ridgetops and plateaus. It feeds on a range of species, including invertebrates, small lizards, snakes and bird eggs.

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5.8 Threatened ecological community habitat assessment

Conservation Ecological Relationship to the Habitat Status Community Likelihood of Occurrence on site site  Site not considered habitat of the community,  The community needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Endangered Sydney The forest typically occurs on plateaus and hillsides and on the margins of shale capping over Habitat has been severely  Turpentine sandstone. Characteristic tree species include Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus globoidea, modified but some components Forest Eucalyptus resinifera, Eucalyptus paniculata, Angophora costata and Angophora floribunda (NSW remain. Scientific Committee 1998),

5.9 Threatened fungi community habitat assessment

Relationship to the Conservation Community name Brief Description Likelihood of Occurrence on site site Status

 Site not considered habitat of the community,  The community needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Endangered Hygrocybeae community The Hygrocybeae Community is an assemblage of more than 20 species of fungi in the Natural habitats no longer NSW of Lane Cove Bushland Hygrophoraceae family. The Community occurs within the Gore Creek catchment in Lane Cove remain, unlikely to occur. Park Bushland Park. The majority of species occur in the warm temperate gallery rainforest centered on the banks of the north-eastern arm of Gore Creek and its tributaries in Lane Cove Bushland  Park. The ecological requirements of most species are poorly known, but are likely to be associated with a dense tree canopy and sandstone rocks (NSW Scientific Committee 2000).

5.10 Threatened population habitat assessment

Habitat Relationship to the Conservation Type Population Name Likelihood of Occurrence on site site Status

 Site not considered habitat of the population,  The population needs to be considered as part of the development assessment process Endangered Fauna Gang-gang With a range restricted to south eastern NSW and south eastern Victoria the species feeds Core breeding habit not present, NSW Cockatoo, on terminal leaves of eucalypts or in hawthorn hedges and nests in deep hollows in low foraging potential. Unlikely Callocephalon eucalypts (Slater 1993). The species occurs in a variety of forests and woodlands and the to occur. fimbriatum last known breeding population in metropolitan Sydney area is in the Hornsby/ Ku-ring-gai (Grant), area. The species shows a strong nest site fidelity (NSW Scientific Committee 2001). This population in the population is bounded by Beecroft – Cheltenham in the west, Epping – North Epping in the  Hornsby and Ku- south, Turramurra – South Turramurra in the east, and Thornleigh – Wahroonga to the ring-gai Local north. The population encompasses, but is not restricted to, Pennant Hills Park and parts Government of Lane Cove National Park. Individual birds are likely on occasion to move across the Areas population boundary.

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6. Proposed development

6.1 Nature of development impacts

In terms of the ecology, biophysical changes to the site can have impacts that are:

 direct, affecting the site, or  indirect, affecting the down stream or adjacent environment.

These impacts can also be considered as being:

 short term, during construction / demolition activities, or  long term, extending over the life of the development and are influenced by the development design.

Impacts on the natural environment, whether direct or indirect, short term or long term are also considered generally in the context of having either a negative or positive effect.

6.2 Existing & Proposed Site Coverage

The existing site is approximately 7,570m2 in area and is described as consisting of:

 Road Reserve Island & Nature Strip (245m2 approx.);  Residential Landscape (2,590m2 approx.),  Urban Gully (705m2 approx.), and  Built Upon Areas (4,030m2 approx.).

The proposed development site is to comprise of;

 Landscaped Areas including water feature (3,140m2 approx)  Landscaped Area on slabs, upper levels and water feature (880m2 approx.), and  Built Upon Area and paths (3,210m2 approx.).

The proposed built upon area including paths, landscaping over slabs, over the upper levels and the water feature is approximately 4,430m2.

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6.3 Proposed development footprint

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6.4 Scope of development impact

The scope of the development impact is primarily identified in the architectural plans (Marchese, 2008), the landscape plans (Taylor Brammer, 2008), the arboricultural assessment (Footprint Green, 2008) and is summarised in the following sub-sections.

6.4.1 Direct long term negative impacts The proposed development involves modification of the site by:

 increasing the built upon area by approximately 400 m2 ( built upon area includes water feature, landscaping over slab and landscaping on upper levels);  removal of 7 indigenous trees (Tree No’s 1, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 53, 87 & 89),  removal of 23 planted non-indigenous native trees, and  removal of 59 exotic trees.

6.4.2 Indirect long term negative impacts With the increase of impervious surface area there may be some corresponding increase in the stormwater peak flows however given the nature of the catchment, the piped drainage system and current land uses, the ecological impact down stream and in the receiving waters is considered to be negligible with onsite detention controls.

Taking into account the existing vegetation on the site and the proposed landscape plantings, the proposed redevelopment of the site is unlikely to significantly reduce the foraging potential of common fauna in the local area. A detailed assessment on the impact on relevant threatened species is considered in the following sections.

6.4.3 Potential indirect short term negative impacts Redevelopment of the site will have some short-term impacts associated with building activities including noise and soil disturbance.

6.4.3.1 Noise during construction Taking into account the typical urban fauna found on site and within the surrounding areas, there may be some displacement of native fauna whilst works are in progress. The ecological impact in this intensively developed urban environment is considered to be minimal after considering the existing habitats, background noise levels and the ability of urban fauna to use habitats on site for foraging during the night. Whilst there may be some temporary displacement of more common native fauna as a result of construction noise a detailed assessment on the impact on threatened species is considered in the following sections.

6.4.3.2 Soil disturbance during construction During construction soil disturbance will occur. To minimise the impact on the natural environment and the receiving waters down stream standard industry erosion & sediment controls will need to be in place and maintained.

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6.5 Mitigating measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology

The mitigating measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology as a result of the proposed redevelopment of the site include:

 retaining the Urban Gully area landform and with landscaping incorporating a high percentage of indigenous species;  removal of the noxious and environmental weed species such as Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis), Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia) and the Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora);  retention of 11 indigenous trees (Tree No’s 45, 47, 48, 55, 56, 66, 72, 74, 93, 123 & 125);  retention of 23 planted non-indigenous native trees.

6.6 Compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology

To compensate for the loss of indigenous tree species, compensatory replanting using species consistent with those found in the Turpentine Ironbark Forest or within the local area, will need to be carried out to maintain or improve ecological attributes of the site. As the site is currently developed within an urban environment, compensatory ratios can be in the lower end of the scale and it is recommended that a 1:2 ratio be adopted for tree removal / revegetation.

To compensate for the removal of 7 indigenous trees the proposed development should include on the landscape plan a minimum of:

 14 indigenous tree species should be included on the landscape plan.

The species to be used for this compensatory planting should be selected from the table below and must include a minimum of 8 Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) or Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides).

Genus species Common Name Acacia floribunda White Sally Wattle Acacia parramattensis Parramatta Wattle Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Eucalyptus acmenoides White Mahogany Eucalyptus paniculata Grey Ironbark Eucalyptus pilularis Blackbutt Eucalyptus saligna Sydney Blue Gum Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides Blue Gum/Bangalay cross Notelaea longifolia Large Mock-olive Rapanea variabilis Muttonwood Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine

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7. Threatened species assessment

7.1 Background

7.1.1 Project significance The NSW Department of Planning has considered proposed development to be a major project under the provisions of State Environmental Planning Policy (Major Projects) 2005. Being a Major Project the proposed development is assessed in accordance with Part 3a of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW).

7.1.2 Director General’s requirements Environmental assessment of major projects, considered under Part 3a of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW), are conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Director General.

The Director General’s requirements for the Proposed Hospital at Nield Avenue, Greenwich (Project Plan) MP07_0167 were issues on the 14th February 2008 and included a number of key assessment requirements. Amongst these key assessment requirements was the need to consider the matter of Biodiversity / Tree Loss.

7.1.3 Environmental assessment of biodiversity / tree loss Unless specifically referred to in the Director General’s requirements, the criteria for assessing the affects of Part 3A Major Projects on biodiversity is carried out in accordance with the draft Guidelines for Threatened Species Assessments (DECC & DPI, 2005).

The objectives of the assessment process in this guideline are to provide information to enable decision makers to ensure that developments deliver the following environmental outcomes:

 Maintain or improve biodiversity values (ie. there is no net impact on threatened species or native vegetation).  Conserve biological diversity and promote ecologically sustainable development.  Protect areas of high conservation value (including areas of critical habitat).  Prevent the extinction of threatened species.  Protect the long-term viability of local populations of a species, population or ecological community.  Protect aspects of the environment that are matters of national environmental significance.

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7.1.4 Definitions Definitions for the terms “Composition”, “Extent”, “Habitat”, “Life cycle”, ”Local occurrence”, “Local population”, “Risk of extinction”, “Study area”, “Subject site”, “Viable”, used in this report are consistent with the Threatened Species Assessment Guidelines (DECC 2007) being:

 “Composition” refers to both the assemblage of flora and fauna species, and the physical structure of the ecological community;  “Extent” refers to the physical area removed and/or to the compositional components of the habitat and the degree to which each is affected;  “Habitat” is the area occupied or periodically or occasionally occupied, by any threatened species, population or ecological community and includes all the different aspects (both biotic and abiotic) used by the different stages of their life cycles;  “Life cycle” is the series or stages of reproduction, growth, development, aging and death of an organism;  ”Local occurrence” is the community that occurs within the study area;  “Local population” is the local population that occurs in the study area. In cases where multiple populations occur in the study area, each population should be assessed separately.  “Risk of extinction” is the likelihood that the local population will become extinct either in the short- term or in the long term as a result of direct or indirect impacts on the viability of that population.  “Viable”, is the capacity to successfully complete each stage of the life cycle under normal conditions.

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7.2 Potential effects on threatened species

The following sections of this report consider the threatened species, communities and populations identified as having some relationship to the site (refer Tables 5.6 - 5.10) in context with the relevant points of consideration outlined in Appendix 3 of draft Guidelines for Threatened Species Assessments (DECC & DPI, 2005). For reference purposes, Appendix 3 (DECC & DPI, 2005) of the guidelines has been reproduced in the table below.

1. How is the proposal likely to affect the lifecycle of a threatened species and/or population? a) displaces or disturbs threatened species and/or populations b) disrupts the breeding cycle c) disturbs the dormancy period d) disrupts roosting behaviour e) changes foraging behaviour f) affects migration and dispersal ability g) disrupts pollination cycle; h) disturbs seedbanks; i) disrupts recruitment (ie. germination and establishment of plants); j) affects the interaction between threatened species and other species in the community (eg. pollinators, host species, mychorrizal associations).

2. How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? a) disturbs any permanent, semi-permanent or ephemeral water bodies; b) degrades soil quality; c) clears or modifies native vegetation; d) introduces weeds, vermin or feral species or provides conditions for them to increase and/or spread; e) removes or disturbs key habitat features such as trees with hollows, caves and rock crevices, foraging habitat; f) affects natural revegetation and recolonisation of existing species following disturbance; and

3. Does the proposal affect any threatened species or populations that are at the limit of its known distribution?

4. How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? a) modifies the intensity and frequency of fires; b) modifies flooding flows.

5. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? a) creates a barrier to fauna movement; b) removes remnant vegetation or wildlife corridors; c) modifies remnant vegetation or wildlife corridors.

6. How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat? a) removes or modifies key habitat features; b) affects natural revegetation or recolonisation of existing species following disturbance; c) introduces weeds, vermin or feral species d) generates or disposes of solid, liquid or gaseous waste; e) uses pesticides, herbicides, other chemicals.

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7.3 Species - Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)

(1) "How is the proposal likely to affect the lifecycle of a threatened species and/or population?" The Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) have been recorded roosting in caves and structures, including large stormwater pipes and are not known to roost in tree hollows and under bark (DECC, 2007). The species has been recorded foraging on the site however the site is not considered to be core roosting habitat.

During spring the Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) congregate in specific nursery caves to give birth and rear their young. During the summer period the species disperse from the nursery cave and are known to travel distances of 300km.

The species feeds on flying moths and other insects and often forage around street lights and sports field lights in urban areas particularly where there is some level of tree canopy.

The site is not core breeding or roosting habitat and taking into account the mobility of the species, it is considered that the proposed development (refer section 6.4), is unlikely to affect the lifecycle of Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) provided that the compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology (refer 6.6) are implemented.

(2) How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community?" Whilst a number of indigenous, non-indigenous and exotic trees are to be removed, based upon the nature and scope of the proposed development (refer section 6.4) and the mobility the Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) the proposed development will not significantly affect the species, provided that the compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology (refer 6.6) are implemented.

(3) "Does the proposal affect any threatened species or populations that are at the limit of its known distribution?” The distribution of the species has been recorded along the east coast and ranges of NSW. This site is not at the limits of the distribution of this species.

(4) "How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes?" The existing site is currently developed as residential properties and as a formed road reserve. The proposed development will not modify existing fire regimes.

On site storm water detention controls can reduce peak storm flows during rain events controlling the discharge rate into the down stream environments. The down stream environment consists of developed urban land and the watercourse is currently piped below the site.

(5) How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity?" The Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) forage nightly within urban areas and the proposed development is not considered to be an impediment to its movements.

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(6) How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat?” The site and the down stream environments are not listed as critical habitat for the species under Part 3 Division 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. There is no critical habitat within the site or in close proximity to the proposed development.

7.4 Species - Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

(1) "How is the proposal likely to affect the lifecycle of a threatened species and/or population?" The Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) has 2 permanent maternal colonies in Sydney at Gordon and at Cabramatta. Other temporary colonies exist at the Sydney Botanical Gardens. The species predominately feeds on nectar and when blossoms are unavailable it feeds on fruit. Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) individuals have been recorded travelling 100’s of kilometres within weeks (Eby 1991, Spencer et al 1991) and nightly foraging distances from roosting camps are commonly 20km and can be up to 50km (Eby 1996).

Whilst the site is not core breeding or roosting habitat, taking into account the foraging range of the species and its mobility, it is considered that the proposed development (refer section 6.4), is unlikely to affect the lifecycle of the Grey- headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) provided that the compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology (refer 6.6) are implemented.

(2) How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community?" Whilst the site is not core roosting habitat the site does provide some foraging opportunities. The Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) has a varied diet and forages on blossoms of indigenous trees such as Eucalyptus sp., fruit of non indigenous trees including Morton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and fruit of exotic trees including Cocos Palms (Arecastrum romanzoffianum).

Whilst a number of indigenous, non-indigenous and exotic trees are to be removed based upon the nature and scope of the proposed development (refer section 6.4) and the mobility and diet of the Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), the proposed development will not significantly affect the species, provided that the compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology (refer 6.6) are implemented.

(3) "Does the proposal affect any threatened species or populations that are at the limit of its known distribution? The distribution of the species has been recorded along the east coast and ranges of NSW. This site is not at the limits of the distribution of this species.

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(5) How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity?" The Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) forage nightly with foraging distances from roosting camps are commonly 20km and can be up to 50km (Eby 1996). Urban development is not considered to be an impediment to its movements.

(6) How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat?”. The site and the down stream environments are not listed as critical habitat for the species under Part 3 Division 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. There is no critical habitat within the site or in close proximity to the proposed development.

7.5 Community – Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest

(1) "How is the proposal likely to affect the lifecycle of a threatened species and/or population?" Threatened species are listed in Schedule 1, Part 1; Schedule 1A, Part 1 and Schedule 2, Part 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

Threatened Populations are listed in Schedule 1 Part 2; Schedule 2, Part 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

The endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest ecological community – is not listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) as a species or population.

(2) How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community?" The site consists of developed residential allotments and the formed Nield Avenue Road reserve. The open space areas consist of remnant indigenous trees, planted indigenous species, planted non-indigenous species, exotic plants and dense thickets of noxious and environmental weeds. The soil levels over the majority of the site have been physically disturbed and terraced and there are no signs of natural regeneration apart from a few resilient ground covers such as Basket Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis) and Hydrocotyle peduncularis persisting amongst the mown exotic grasses within the road reserve.

Based upon the habitat assessment (refer 5.2) the site is no longer habitat of the endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest ecological community. As a result of the disturbance and ongoing maintenance activities over the decades, it is apparent that any resilience of seed stored in the soil has been exhausted or has been destroyed by soil organisms and fungi.

Whilst the habitat is no longer present the remnant trees do provide a contribution to the local ecology and conservation of the endangered community within reserves off site.

The proposed development will result in the removal of 7indigenous trees, some of which appear to be planted specimens, and the retention of 11 indigenous trees. To ensure that there is no net loss of the ecological contribution provided by the indigenous trees on the site, compensatory measures are required.

Based upon the nature and scope of the proposed development (refer section 6.4), the proposed development will not significantly affect the endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest ecological community, provided that the compensatory measures to minimise the impact on the local ecology (refer 6.6) are implemented.

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(3) "Does the proposal affect any threatened species or populations that are at the limit of its known distribution?” Threatened species are listed in Schedule 1, Part 1; Schedule 1A, Part 1 and Schedule 2, Part 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

Threatened Populations are listed in Schedule 1 Part 2; Schedule 2, Part 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

The endangered Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest ecological community – is not listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) as a species or population.

(5) How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity?" The site is currently developed within an urban environment. The proposed redevelopment of the site will not impede the existing ecological interactions such as pollination and seed dispersal.

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8. Summary

8.1 Conclusion

This report has been prepared in conjunction with the proposed development application covering the allotments known as 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 7a & 8 Nield Avenue, Greenwich and the lower part of the Nield Avenue road reserve.

The report identifies the flora species on the site and fauna species residing on or using the site as part of their foraging range. Specific assessment of the properties has also been undertaken to identify habitats of threatened species, populations and ecological communities listed in the schedules of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (NSW) 1995.

The proposed development involves demolition of the existing dwellings and removal of part of the road reserve and construction of a Private Hospital (Marchese, 2008).

Despite the site’s modified habitats a detailed flora survey has been carried out over the site and a floristic assessment has been undertaken to categorise the community that occurred on the site prior to its original development. Faunal surveys have been limited to a habitat assessment with specific survey investigations focusing on the large mature Blue Gum/Bangalay cross (Eucalyptus saligna x botryoides) within the Nield Avenue, traffic island. Specific assessments have also been undertaken in the lower parts of the site to assess the sites habitat potential for the endangered Hygrocybeae fungal community that occurs in the nearby Lane Cove Bushland Park.

The proposed redevelopment of the site will involve further modification of the existing urban habitats and the removal of several indigenous trees, along with planted native and exotic trees and dense thickets of noxious and environmental weeds.

Whilst the site’s habitats have been modified, the remnant trees are considered to be components of what was once the Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest and do provide some ecological contribution to conservation of the community within the core habitat areas off site. To ensure that there is no net loss this ecological contribution, compensatory measures (refer 6.6) will need to be implemented.

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The NSW Department of Planning has identified the proposed development as a major project in accordance with the provisions of State Environmental Planning Policy (Major Projects) 2005.

Major projects are assessed under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) and key assessment issues are identified in the Director General’s requirements. An assessment of this development proposal has been carried out in accordance with the draft Guidelines for Threatened Species Assessment (DECC & DPI, 2005) specifically prepared for projects assessed under Part 3A Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW).

As a result of literature investigations and field surveys a number of threatened, species, populations and communities have been considered. Of these 3 were considered as having some relationship to the disturbed habitats on the site. These are:

 Eastern Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)  Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), and  The Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest ecological community

In considering the nature and scope of the proposed development (refer section 6.4), the proposed redevelopment of the site will not have a significant affect on threatened species, populations and ecological communities, and will continue to provide some contribution to the local urban ecology provided that the compensatory measures (refer 6.6) are implemented.

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Barker R.D. & Vestjens W.J.M. (1989). The Food of Australian Birds: Volume 1 Non-Passerines. CSIRO, Melbourne.

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Brooker M.I & Keleinig D.A. (1999) Field Guide to Eucalypts, Volume 1 South- eastern Australia, Bloomings Books, Victoria.

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Catterall, C.P., Green, R.L., & Jones, N. (1991) Habitat use by birds across a forest-suburb interface in Brisbane: Implications for Corridors. In Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors, ed. D.A. Saunders & R.J. Hobs, Surrey Beatty & Sons

Chapman, G.A., & Murphy, C.L. (1989), Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100 000 sheet, Soil Conservation Service of NSW., Sydney

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Cooper, R.M. (1990), (1986) New South Wales Bird Report. Australian Birds 23: 68-101.

Cropper (1993) Management of Endangered Plants. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne

Davey S M (1993). Notes on the habitat of four Australian owl species. Pp. 126- 142 in Olsen, P (ed.),Australian Raptor Studies. Australasian Raptor Association, RAOU, Melbourne.

DECC (2001) Red-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne australis (Gray 1835) – profile, Department of Environment & Climate Change, May 2001, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

DECC (2002) Native Vegetation of the Cumberland Plain, Conservation Programs & Planning Directorate, NSW National parks & Wildlife, October 2002, map 10 of 16

DECC (2004a) Endangered Ecological Community Information - Blue Gum High Forest, National Parks & Wildlife Service, February 2004, Hurstville, NSW.

DECC (2004b) Endangered Ecological Community Information – Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest, National Parks & Wildlife Service, February 2004, Hurstville, NSW.

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DECC (2008), Wildlife Atlas, (search within 5km of AMG co-ordinates E 331900 and N 6255800), Department of Environment & Conservation, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

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DECC & DPI (2005) draft Guidelines for Threatened Species Assessments Department of Environment & Climate Change & Department of Primary Industries,

Eby, P. (1991) Seasonal movements of Grey-headed Flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), from two maternal camps in northern New South Wales, Wildlife Research 18: 547-559.

Eby, P. (1995) Biology and Management of Flying foxes in New South Wales, Species Management Report No. 18 NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

Eby, P. (1996) Interactions between the Grey-headed Flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), and its diet plants- seasonal movements and seed dispersal, Phd Thesis, University of New England, Armidale NSW.

Environment Australia (2001) Recovery Plan for Albatrosses and Giant-petrels, Wildlife Scientific Advice, Natural Heritage Division Environment Australia, October 2001

Footprint Green (2008) Impact of Development on Trees- Proposed Private Hospital, 1-8 Nield Avenue, Greenwich, 09/10/08, Footprint Green Pty Ltd, Avalon Beach, NSW

Forshaw, J.M. & Cooper, W.T. (1981) Australian Parrots. 2nd edition, Lansdown Editions, Melbourne.

Garnett, S. (1992) Threatened and Extinct Birds of Australia. RAOU Report No.82, Royal Ornithologists Union of Australia & Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service.

Grey, M.J., Clarke, M.F. & Loyn, R.H. (1998). Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian biodiversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland. Pac. Conserv. Biol. 4:55-69.

Harden, G. (2000) Flora of NSW: Volume 1, New South Wales University Press, Kensington.

Harden, G. (2002) Flora of NSW: Volume 2, New South Wales University Press, Kensington.

Harden, G. (1992) Flora of NSW Volume 3, New South Wales University Press, Kensington.

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Herbert, C. (1983), Geology of the Sydney 1:100 000 Sheet 9130, New South Department of Mineral Resources, Sydney

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Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (eds) (1990). The Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

Marchese (2008) Proposed Private Hospital, December 2006, Issue H, 09/09/08, Marchese & Partners International, North Sydney, NSW.

NPWS, (1999) Threatened Species Information Acacia bynoeana, September 1999, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.

NPWS, (1999) Threatened Species Information, Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii (Lesson, 1826), September 1999, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.

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NPWS, (2002) Threatened Species Information Red-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne australis (Gray 1835), May 2002, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.

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NSW Scientific Committee (1998) Final Determinations 1998, Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest pp 68-70, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service

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NSW Scientific Committee (2001) Gang-gang Cockatoo, Callocephalon fimbriatum in the Hornsby and Ku-ring-gai Local Government Areas – endangered population listing, 23/02/01 NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service

NSW Scientific Committee (2004) Genoplesium baueri (an orchid) – vulnerable species listing, 23/07/04 NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service

NSW Scientific Committee (2007) Blue Gum High Forest in the Sydney Basin Bioregion - critically endangered ecological community listing. NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service

NSW Scientific Committee (2000) Hygrocybeae community of Lane Cove Bushland Park - endangered ecological community listing - . NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service

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Payne, R. (1997) The Distribution and Reproductive Ecology of Syzygium paniculatum and Syzygium australe (Myrtaceae) in the Gosford-Wyong Region. Unpublished Thesis prepared for the award of Masters of Natural Resources, University of New England. Armidale NSW.

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Spencer,H.J.., Palmer,C., & Parry Jones,K. (1991) Movements of fruit-bats in eastern Australia, determined by using radio-tracking, Wildlife Research 18; 463- 468.

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Appendicies

Appendix A – brief curriculum vitae – Mark Couston

MARK BENJANIN COUSTON Director & Principal Ecologist, Footprint Green Pty Ltd

Date of Birth: 12 May 1958

Business Address: Footprint Green Pty Ltd 5 Watkins Road Avalon Beach NSW, 2107 ABN Number: 34097138817 Contact Details: phone: (02) 9918 88 77 fax: (02) 9918 8876 1835 email: [email protected]

Tertiary Qualifications:  Graduate Diploma Environmental Management. - Charles Sturt University.  Certificate, Soil & Water Management for Urban Development. - University of Western Sydney.  Associate Diploma, Environmental Control. - Charles Sturt University

Further Education  Environmental Audit Workshop Module 1 & 2. - Centre for Professional Development.  Bushfire Planning & Management. - University of Technology Sydney.  Rehabilitation of Mined Land. - New South Wales University.  Summer School of Park Management.- University of Canberra.

Professional Affiliations:  Member - Ecological Consultants Association of NSW  Member - Ecological Society of Australia  Member - Weed Society of New South Wales  Member - International Erosion Control Association (Australasian)

State Government & Industry Appointments  Middle Harbour Catchment Management Committee EPA/DLWC, 1993 – 1997.  Hornsby / Ku-ring-gai District Bush Fire Committee, 1994 - 2000.  Steering Committee “Urban Bushland Under Threat” – Nature Conservation Council of NSW, 1996.  Industry representative course design, Bush Regeneration Certificate TAFE, 1996.  Community Regional Assessment Monitoring Program, Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Trust, 1998

Licences & Certifications  Certified Professional in Erosion & Sediment Control . – International Erosion Control Association CPESC No.1728,  Scientific Licence - NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Lic. No.S11031.  Animal Research Authority - NSW Department Primary Industries, No. 04/4786

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Presentations & Conference Papers  Our Community as a Valuable Monitoring Resource, Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Trust, 1999.  Keynote Speaker, Conference - Managing Our Bushland. - Urban Bushland Council WA Inc., 1998  Bush Fire Management Conference “Protecting the Environment and Land Life and Property”. - Nature Conservation Council of NSW, 1998  Local Government Forum, Bushland and Open Space. - Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Trust, 1996  Environmental & Economic Policies for Development in Transforming Economies. - Graduate School of the Environment Macquarie University, 1995  Compulsory Competitive Tendering, Natural Resource Management. - Municipal Conservation Association, 1995  Catchment Management & Local Government, Bushland Management & Corridors - Hawkesbury- Nepean Catchment Management Trust, 1995,  Coastal Environmental Management: Policies for Developing Countries. - Graduate School of the Environment Macquarie University, 1994.

Employment History:

2000 - present Director / Principal Ecologist Footprint Green Pty Ltd

1998 - 2000 Manager Assets & Natural Resources Ku-ring-gai Council

1993 - 1998 Manager Bushland Conservation Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council

1991 – 1993 Bush Regeneration Officer Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council

1989 – 1991 Environmental Officer Envirosciences Pty. Ltd.

1988 – 1989 Recreation Program Co-ordinator Warringah Shire Council

1987 - 1988 Warringah Aquatic Centre Shift Manager Warringah Shire Council

1983 - 1986 Beach Inspector /Lifeguard (seasonal) Warringah Shire Council

1983 - 1985 Fishing Trawler Deckhand (seasonal) North West Seafood

Selected Listing of Past Consultancy Projects: Flora & Fauna Report & Development Impact Assessment at 15 Brentwood Avenue, Turramurra, NSW Land & Environment Court Proceedings No. 10107 of 2008, 17th April 2008, for Fit Kids Pty Ltd.

Ecological Site Assessment & Biodiversity Impact Assessment at 76 & 78 Park Street, Mona Vale, 18th March 2008, for Paul Jones & Associates Pty Ltd.

Species Impact Statement, 43-47 Ryde Road, Pymble, July 2007 – Feb 2008, for Glendinning Minto & Associates Pty Ltd.

Blue Gum High Forest Management Plan, Chatswood High School, Donnelley Constructions, 28th December 2006 for NSW Department of Education.

Ecological Site Assessment & Biodiversity Impact Assessment at 25b Bakers Road, Church Point, 11th August 2006, for Mr Warwick Simmonds.

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Assessment of Development Application, arboricultural issues, Species Impact Statement, flora & fauna issues, landscape comments for Precincts 5, 6 &10 St. Patrick’s Estate, Darley Road, Manly, 21st September 2006 for Manly Council.

Review of Ecological Issues & Proposed Development, DA/149/2006 - 24 John Savage Crescent, West Pennant Hills, 08//08/06 for Glendinning Minto & Associates

Ecological Site Assessment & Ecological Impact Assessment, for 2079 Pittwater Road, Bayview, 8th September 2005 for Marina Bay Developments.

Flora & Fauna Assessment, Proposed Development at 57 Roland Avenue, Wahroonga, 25th January 2006, for Mr A. Poulet.

Assessment of the Impact of Development on Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest, at 82 Pymble Avenue, Pymble, 4th October 2005, Maddocks Lawyers.

Flora & Fauna Habitat Assessment Golf Course Refurbishment, at Roseville Golf Course, Roseville 16th September 2005, for Roseville Golf Club.

Review of Species Impact Statement at Precincts 3 &12 St Patrick’s Estate, Darley Road, Manly for Manly Council, 10th March 2005

Pindari Reserve - Bush Regeneration Works Plan & Report 9th June 2005, for Pittwater Council/Urban Traders Pty Ltd

Flora & Fauna Assessment, Proposed Development at 4, 6 & 8 Bobbin Head Rd & 1151 Pacific Highway, Turramurra, 17th May 2005, for Capital Alliance Group Pty Ltd.

Species Impact Statement, Proposed Development at 4 Clement Close, Pennant Hills, 1st November 2004, Meadowbank Homes.

Site Analysis & Assessment of the Impact of Development on Unnamed Watercourse at 29 Miowera Road, Nth Turramurra, 25th May 2004, Glendinning Minto & Associated Pty Ltd.

Assessment of Development Application – Flora & Fauna Issues for Precincts 3 &12 St Patrick’s Estate, Darley Road, Manly, 11th May 2004, for Manly Council.

Threatened Species Assessment, Proposed Development at 1500 - 1502 Pacific Hwy & 2 - 2a Marshall Ave, Warrawee, 22nd January 2004, for Mirvac Developments Pty Ltd

Flora & Fauna Assessment, at 4 -14 Merriwa St & 3 -11 McIntyre St, Gordon, 21st April 2004, Stockland Development

Flora & Fauna Assessment, Golf Course Refurbishment at Cromer Golf Course, Cromer 14th October 2003, for Cromer Golf Club.

Revegetation Plan, Golf Course Refurbishment at Cromer Golf Course, August 2003 Cromer Golf Club.

Proposed Rehabilitation of Creek Embankment & Adjacent Riparian Zone - Unnamed Creek at 10 Walana Crescent, Warriewood, 18th October 2002, for Patterson Britton & Partners.

SEPP 44 Koala Habitat Protection Assessment at 17 -19 Hemers Road, Dural 29th July 2002, for R & J Fulton.

Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Survey & Assessment, Impact of Proposed Development at Bonnie Doone Golf Course, Pagewood, 30th January 2002, for Bonnie Doone Golf Club

Vegetation Survey, Greystanes Creek in Fox Hill Golf Course, Toongabbie, 2nd November 2001 Fox Hills Golf Club.

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