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October 2016 Final.Pmd Vol.21 No.1 BULLETIN October 2, 2016 OF THE CENTRE FOR POLICY STUDIES Nonviolence is a ‘living force’ “The world is terminally ill with violence”, writes social truth by the scientific method of observation, Arun Gandhi in his foreword to ‘The Search for a Nonviolent intuitional and intellectual hypothesis and experimental Future’ by Michael N. Nagler, adding that “when the test. Unlike western social scientists he tested the disease assumes a virulent form we plead for a remedy; hypothesis on himself. He is not a mere scientist; but a but when we are cured we go back to our old destructive great social scientist because of his choice of problems, ways.” Nagler, initiated early in his life into the study of because of his methods of solution, because of his Mahatma Gandhi’s life and work, began to realise that persistence and thoroughness of his search and because “Gandhi was at once much greater and yet more relevant of the profundity of human heart.’ - even to my own little life - than I had imagined.” Convinced When asked about the experiences that influenced that Satyagraha does not suppress reason but frees it from his life, the Mahatma replied “Such experiences are a inertia, Nagler writes that Satyagraha does not ‘enslave, it multitude. I recalled particularly one experience that compels reason to be free.’ His mission is to make more changed the course of my life that fell to my lot seven days accessible ‘the vast unexplored possibilities of that force after I had arrived in South Africa. At Maritzburg when the which establishes its sovereignty over prejudice, hatred, beds were issued, the guard came and turned me out and and other baser passions’. To a world divided by hatred asked me to go into the van compartment. I would not go and conflicting ideologies and devastated by World Wars and the train steamed away leaving me shivering in cold. and mindless violence, Mahatma Gandhi’s panacea was Now the creative experience comes there. I was afraid for Nonviolence. Satyagraha launched by him generated my very life. I entered the dark waiting-room. There was intellectual excitement and debate among philosophers, a white man in the room. I was afraid of him. What was thinkers, scholars and scientists across the world. my duty, I asked myself. Should I go back to India, should Amazed by Gandhiji’s ‘invincible’ calm and I go forward, with God as my helper, and face whatever imperturbability’, Edward Thompson declared that ‘not was in store for me? I decided to stay and suffer. My active since Socrates has the world seen his equal for absolute Nonviolence began from that date.” From that day in 1893 self-control and composure’. Probing the philosophical till that fateful Friday,30th January 1948, Gandhiji was foundations of Nonviolence C.E.M.Joad raised and confronted with violence in its virulent and subhuman answered the question ‘what consists the most manifestations---abuse, ridicule, insult, physical assault, characteristic quality of our species? Some would say, in and eventually assassination. The Mahatma remained moral virtue; some, in godliness; some, in courage; some, unperturbed throughout these fifty five years. Instead he in the power of self-sacrifice. Aristotle found it in reason’. prayed and pleaded with the authorities concerned not to But Aristotle’s answer gives, according to Joad, part of punish them, whether it was the sentry who kicked him the truth, but not the whole. ‘The essence of reason lies off the footpath or the white racists who thrashed him in objectivity and detachment’, said Joad who found in the mercilessly or his own countrymen who conspired to ‘virtue of detachment from self the source of Gandhi’s eliminate him physically. Nonviolence is ultimately a way authority’. Hailing Gandhi as a ‘moral genius’ Joad wished of life that men and women live by said Martin Luther King, that Gandhi’s method should grow ‘more powerful than because ‘of the sheer morality of its claim.’ If the world is the forces of destruction, if civilization is to survive.’ to have peace, declared Gandhiji, nonviolence is the means In the words of Nagler, it is a science if there ever to that end and there is no other. That living force which was one but it cannot make predictions as nearly as has inspired millions of people including Martin Luther mechanics or electricity, for Satyagraha is what Gandhi King and Nelson Mandela continues to glow as a beacon called “a living force,” not a physical one. He is a social of hope and peace for humanity. scientist, explained Richard Gregg, because ‘he follows - The Editor Non-violence in its dynamic condition means conscious suffering. It does not mean meek submission to the“I will will not of therest evil-doer, content unless but it everymeans man, the puttingwoman, of and one’s child whole in this soul country against has the a willfair ofdeal the and tyrant. attains a minimum standard of living.” Jawaharlal Nehru - Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha leaders of the world discover their highest human dignity in themselves, not in the offices they hold, in Dr. S. Radhakrishnan the depth of their own souls, in the freedom of their When the strife of these days is forgotten, conscience, there is no hope for the ordered peace of Gandhi will stand out as the great prophet of a moral a world-community- Gandhi had the faith that the and spiritual revolution without which this distracted world is one in its deepest roots and highest world will not find peace. It is said that non-violence aspirations. He knew that the purpose of historical is the dream of the wise while violence is the history humanity was to develop a world-civilization, a world- of man. It is true that wars are obvious and dramatic culture, a world-community. We can get out of the and their results in changing the course of history are misery of this world only by exposing the darkness evident and striking. which is strongly entrenched in men’s hearts and replacing it by understanding and tolerance. Gandhi’s But there is a struggle which goes on in the tender and tormented heart heralds the world which minds of men. Its results are not recorded in the the United Nations wish to create. This lonely symbol statistics of the killed and the injured. It is the struggle of a vanishing past is also the prophet of the new world for human decency, for the avoidance of physical strife which is struggling to be born. He represents the which restricts human life, for a world without wars. conscience of the future man. Among the fighters in this great struggle, Gandhi was in the front rank. His message is not a matter for (From Mahatma Gandhi, Edited by S. Radha academic debate intellectual circles. It is the answer Krishnan) to the cry of exasperated mankind which is at the c c c cross-roads—which all prevail, the law of the Jungle or the law of love? All our world organizations will GANDHI’S STATESMANSHIP prove ineffective if the truth that love is stronger than by Albert Einstein, D.Sc. hate does not inspire them. The world does not become one simply because we can go round it in less (The Institute of Advanced Studies, School of than three days. However far or fast we may travel, Mathematics, Princeton University, U.S.A.) our minds do not get nearer to our neighbours. Gandhi is unique in political history. He has The oneness of the world can only be the invented an entirely new and humane technique for oneness of our purposes and aspirations. A united the liberation struggle of an oppressed people and world can only be the material counterpart of a carried it out with the greatest energy and devotion. spiritual affinity. Mechanical makeshifts and external The moral influence which he has exercised upon structures by themselves cannot achieve the spiritual thinking people through the civilized world may be results. Changes in the social architecture do not alter far more durable than would appear likely in our the minds of people. Wars have their origins in false present age, with its exaggeration of brute force. For values, in ignorance, in intolerance. Wrong leadership the work of statesmen is permanent only in so far as has brought the world to its present misery. they arouse and consolidate the moral forces of their Throughout the world there seems to be a black out peoples through their personal example and educating of civilized values. Great nations bomb one another’s influence. cities in order to obtain the victory. The moral We are fortunate and should be grateful that consequences of the use of the atom bomb may prove fate has bestowed upon us so luminous a to be far more disastrous than the bomb itself. The contemporary—a beacon to the generations to come. fault is not in our stars but in ourselves. Institutions (From Mahatma Gandhi, Edited by are of little avail unless we are trained to obey our S. Radhakrishnan) conscience and develop brotherly love. Unless the c c c Non-violence is the law of our species as violence is the law of the brute. The dignity of man requires obedience to a higher law- to the strength of the spirit. 2 - Mahatma Gandhi MAHATMA brilliant, but he added that while there are limitations THE PILGRIM OF ETERNITY to the development of the mind, there are no limitations to the development of the heart. Shri Nani Palkhivala If one were to denote in a word what the THE SECOND OF October has again come by, and Mahatma had, it is the Sanskrit word, buddhi—the our hearts and minds go back to the pilgrim of eternity.
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