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Revision Der Gattung Amphidium (Musci, Dicranaceae)

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Revision Der Gattung Amphidium (Musci, Dicranaceae) Revision of Amphidium 173 Tropical Bryology 18: 171-184, 2000 Revision der Gattung Amphidium (Musci, Dicranaceae) Jan-Peter Frahm, Tobias Klöcker, Rouven Schmidt, Christian Schöter Botanisches Institut der Universität, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Deutschland Abstract: Only 3 of the 13 species so far comprised in Amphidium were retained in the genus: A lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp., A. mougeotii (B.S.G.) Schimp. and A. tortuosum (Hornschuch) Cufodontis. Amphidium. sublapponicum (C. Müll.) Broth. is conspecific with A. lapponicum, A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth., A. curvipes (C. Müll.) Broth. and A. californicum (C. Müll.) Broth. are synoymous with A. tortuosum. Amphidium brevifolium Broth., A. clastophyllum Broth. and A. papillosum Broth., all known only from the type locality, are sterile and differ vegetatively from all other species of the genus. They belong probably not to Amphidium. The types of Amphidium letestui Thér. & P. Varde, A. aloysii-sabaudiae Negri and A. remotidens (C. Müll.) Broth. could not be located. Zusammenfassung: Von den 13 bisher in der Gattung Amphidium eingeschlossenen Arten konnten nur 3 mit Sicherheit als zur Gattung gehörig bestimmt werden, nämlich A. lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp., A. mougeotii (B.S.G.) Schimp.und A.tortuosum (Hornschuch) Cufodontis. A. sublapponicum (C. Müll.) Broth. wird als Synonym von A. lapponicum, A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth., A. curvipes (C. Müll.) Broth. und A. californicum (C. Müll.) Broth. werden als Synonyme von A. tortuosum angesehen. Alle übrigen Arten konnten aufgrund fehlenden Herbarmaterials oder sterilen Typusmaterials nicht ein- wandfrei als zu Amphidium gehörig bezeichnet werden. In der Gattung Amphidium waren nach dem In- papillosum Bartr., A. remotidens (C. Müll.) Broth., dex Muscorum Vol. 1 (Wijk et al., 1959) 20 Arten A. sublapponicum (C. Müll.) Broth.. Im Index of beschrieben, von denen jedoch nur 12 als gültig Mosses (Crosby et al. 1992) wird zusätzlich A. angesehen wurden: A. aloysii-sabaudiae Negri, tortuosum (Hornschuch) H. Robinson aufgeführt. A. brevifolium Broth., A. californicum (C. Müll.) Im Index of Mosses (Crosby et Magill, 1994) wird Broth., A. clastophyllum Card., A. curvipes (C. diese Angabe zu A. tortuosum (Hornschuch) Müll.) Broth., A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth., A. Cufodontis berichtigt. Somit wurden zur Zeit ins- lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp., A. le-testui Thér. et gesamt 13 Arten zur Gattung Amphidium gezählt. P. Vard., A. mougeotii (B. S. G.) Schimp., A. Für die vorliegende Arbeit lag zu den Arten A. TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 18 (2000) 174 Frahm et al. aloysii-sabaudiae, A. le-testui und A. remotidens wurde jedoch mehrfach eine engere Beziehung keinerlei Herbarmaterial, zu den Arten A. zu den Dicranaceae angenommen. brevifolium, A. clastophyllum und A. papillosum Der Hauptgrund für die Unsicherheit der syste- nur steriles Typusmaterial vor, so daß ihre Zuge- matischen Position der Gattung Amphidium ist hörigkeit zur Gattung Amphidium nicht genau das Fehlen eines Peristoms und somit die Frage, überprüft werden konnte. Die übrigen 7 Arten ob es sich bei dieser Gattung um ein haplolepides wurden im Folgenden einer kritischen Revision oder diplolepides Moos handelt. Lewinsky (1976) unterzogen. In diesem Rahmen wurden auch erst- stellte Amphidium aufgrund cytologischer Merk- malig REM-Aufnahmen der Blattoberflächen an- male, der Morphologie des jungen Sporophyten gefertigt. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf Typen und und des Vorhandenseins einer papillösen repräsentatives Herbarmaterial des Britischen Kalyptra zu den Orthotrichaceae. Neuere Museums London (BM), des Farlow Herbarium molekularsystematische Untersuchenungen der Harvard University (FH), des Herbariums des konnten das nicht bestätigen (Goffinet et al. 1998). Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique Genf (G), des Nach Stech (1999a) ist die Zugehörigkeit zu den Botanischen Museums Helsinki (H), des New York Dicranales in den haplolepiden Laubmoosen auf- Botanical Garden (NY) und des Herbariums des grund von cpDNA-Sequenzen gesichert, was Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris (PC). auch durch anatomische Merkmalen des Rippen- querschnittes und der Laminazellen gestützt wird. AMPHIDIUM W. P. Schimper, Coroll. 39. 1856, nom. Die Stellung vom Amphidium innerhalb der cons. Dicranales, als Unterfamilie Rhabdoweisioideae Typus: A. lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimper, Coroll. in den Dicranaceae oder als eigene Familie 39. 1856 Rhabdoweisioideae, als auch die Zahl der einzu- Basionym: Anictangium lapponicum Hedw., schließenden Gattungen und die Abgrenzung zu Spec. Musc., 40. 1801 nom. rejic. den Cynodontioideae, ist jedoch noch unsicher Molekularsystematische Untersuchungen (Stech Pflanzen klein bis mittelgroß, in dichten Polstern, 1999b) postulieren eine eigene Familie Rhabdo- grün bis olivgrün oder bräunlich; Stämmchen 1 - weisiaceae mit Oncophorus (als auch Cyno- 8 cm hoch, aufrecht, selten verzweigt, dicht mit dontium?). Blättern besetzt. Blätter im trockenen Zustand an der Basis anliegend, an der Spitze Wenig bis stark verdreht oder gekräuselt, im feuchten Zustand Schlüssel für die Arten der Gattung abstehend und wellig, linear- lanzettlich; Blatt- Amphidium: ränder glatt, gebuchted oder gezähnt; Mittelrippe endet kurz vor der Spitze. Obere und mittlere 1 Blattränder wenigstens an der Spitze Laminazellen rundlich bis quadratisch oder un- gebuchtet bis gezähnt, Lamina schwach papillös, regelmäßig, Dorsal- und Ventralseite papillös; Zellnetz durchsichtig ...........................A. tortuosum untere Laminazellen länglich-rechteckig, in Rei- 1* Blattränder glatt Lamina stark papillös, trüb, hen angeordnet, Zellwände glatt bis schwach ...................................................................................2 papillös. Diözisch oder autözisch; Seta kurz, auf- 2 Kapseln eingesenkt. Seta kurz, Rippe auf recht oder leicht gebogen. Kapsel im oder kurz der Rückseite papillös .....................A. lapponicum über dem Polster stehend, in trockenem Zustand 2* Kapseln deutlich über das Polster kelch- bis spindelförmig, mit 8 Rippen, Peristom hinausgehoben, Rippe auf der Rückseite ohne fehlend. Papillen..................................................A. mougeotii Die systematische Stellung der Gattung Amphidium ist in der Vergangenheit unterschied- lich bewertet worden. Ursprünglich wurden die Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp., Coroll. Arten in die Gattung Zygodon HOOK. & TAYL. 39. 1856 (Anictangium lapponicum Hedw., Spec. gestellt, was sie als Angehörige der Musc. 40. 1801 nom. rejic.). Anoectangium Orthotrichaceae ausweist. In diesem Jahrhundert lapponicum (Hedw.) Schwaegr., Spec. Musc. TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 18 (2000) Revision of Amphidium 175 Suppl. 1(1): 36. 1811. Gymnostomun lapponicum Laguna Macho, 4730m, cold shady south facing (Hedw.) Web. et Mohr, Ind. Mus. Pl. Crypt. 2. 1803. cliff. M. Lewis, No. 79-2540A, (NY). Zygodon lapponicus (Hedw.) B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. Frankreich: Stirpes criptogamae vogeso- fasc. 4. 1838 (Abb. 1,5,6) Rhenanae, J. B. Mougeot et al., No. 309 als Typus: Ein dem Protolog : „In alpibus Lapponiae. Gymnostomum lapponicum. (In Hercynia Ehrh. Schrad.)“ entsprechender Be- DC. Fl fr. vol II, ann. 1805, A.P. Candolle, No. 445 leg im Herbar Hedwig konnte nicht lokalisiert wer- als Gymnostomum lapponicum. den. Geeignetes anderes Material für die Lekto- Island: South Island: Mt. Cook National Park, typifizierung wurde im Herbar Hedwig nicht ge- Governor´s Bush st The Hermitage. D. H. Vitt, funden. No. 29438, 19.12.81, (H) als A. cyathicarpum. Japan: Mont Hannoda, 30.07.1907, E. Uematsu, Amphidium sublapponicum (C. Muell.) Broth. No. 303, (H-BR) Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 460. 1902 (Zygodon sublapponicus Juan Fernandez: Maontierre, Pto. Angles, C, & C. Muell., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 5: 186. I. Skottsberg, No 223, (H-BR) 1898) fide Gao, Flora Bryophytarum Sinicorum. Kanada: British Columbia, perennially moist cliff Vol. 1. Vii + 368 pp. 1994 (Isotypus, H-BR) face, W. B. Schofield, No. 20725, als A. califonicum, (G). Zygodon crispatus Kindb., Rev. Bryol. fasc. 4. Kaschmir: Rurzil valley near Minimory in forest 1838 (...), J. F. Dultio, No. 14365, 14371 (H-BR). Ossetien: Kobi, ad rupes, V.F. Brotherus, No. Pflanze 18 bis 20 mm hoch, in dichten Polstern. 0105002, (H-BR). Blätter trocken gekräuselt bis gekrümmt, feucht abstehend, um 2 mm lang, gekielt, nicht gesäumt, linealisch bis lanzettlich, spitz zulaufend, sichelig Amphidium mougeotii (B.S.G.) Schimp., Coroll. gekrümmt. Laminazellen stark papillös, rundlich, 40. 1856, (Zygodon mougeotii B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. am Blattgrund verlängert. Rippe bis in die Blatt- 3: 39. 206. 1838 [fasc. 4 Mon. 7. 1]). Anoectangium spitze reichend. Kapsel trocken birnenförmig bis mougeotii (B.S.G.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 29. 1879. spindelförmig, Seta kurz, so daß die Kapsel im Typus: „Ad rupes catarrhactae cujusdam in oder sehr dicht über dem Poster steht. Kapsel- Monte Aureo Averniae detectus; serius prope Zell oberfläche streifig gefurcht. am See (Pinzgau) aliisque locis alpestrium Tyrolis clar. SAUTER et FUNK stirpem rarissimam, in Amphidium sublapponicum wurde aufgrund der societate praecedentis legerunt; etiam in Vogesi robusteren Statur, größerer und in getrocknetem monte Hoheneck sat frequens sed sterilis Zustand gekräuselter Blätter, und einer längeren, occurrit.“ basal gelben, anders geformten Kapsel unterschie- den. Die Kapseln des Isotypus sind jedoch nicht Amphidium caespitosum (Mitt.) Broth., Nat. Pfl. wesentlich von A. lapponicum verschieden, nur 1(3): 460. 1902 (Didymodon caespitosus Mitt. J. die Blätter sind stärker gekräuselt sind. Da dies Linn. Soc.
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