Registered Charity No. 105565 NEWSLETTER 140 FEBRUARY 2016 Registered Charity No. 1055654

Midsummer Sunset at Lanyon Quoit. Photo copyright James Kitto

THE PRESIDENT’S PIECE – Nick Johnson

This is an extraordinarily busy time for the Society: replacing our Hon Secretary; building a new website; meetings with the Federation of Old Societies, Heritage Kernow, and the CITiZAN project as well as the Area Representatives meeting; talks in on the CITiZAN Project, the Royal Cornwall Museum and the Members evening; and in about the Tamar Valley, and Restormel Castle; walks at Lizard, in and St Agnes; last but by no means least our CAS/DAS symposium.

Development of the new CAS website is now complete and went live on 31 October. None of this would have been possible without the hard work of Adrian Rodda, Sheila James, Millie Holman, Emma Trevarthen, Christine Wilson, and Steve Hartgroves. The Website Panel now stands down but would like to record their thanks to our consultants Dominica Williamson(design) and Paula Johnson(software) for their sound advice and imaginative interpretation of our often technologically incoherent requests. The website is being tested over the Christmas period and included with this Newsletter is a slip of paper with the password for 2016 that will allow Members to access the Members Area on the website. Please keep this password confidential. Gradually more information will be added to the Members Area and in line with data protection best practice we shall no longer publish the contact details of our officers in the Journal and the Newsletter. Instead we now have generic CAS e-mail addresses for our officers ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] and there will be others added). Our postal address is now: Cornwall Archaeological Society, c/o Royal Cornwall Museum, River St, Truro, Cornwall TR1 2SJ. You will note that an interactive calendar of events appears on each page as does our Facebook and Twitter accounts. Social media is now an important means of communicating archaeological news. Millie Holman, our Web Manager will help us use the new site to our best advantage. The CAS/DAS symposium on 31 October seeing the late Roger Farnworth’s particular method of indicating was at Eagle House, Launceston was packed photographs of viewing frames on employed, but how can one explain why with c.120 attendees. The lecture Moor I was convinced that such things so many stones now seem to indicate programme was exceptionally successful, could be found in the far west as well. nothing very obvious at all? One monster managing to blend the overview with the of the order of magnitude of 100 tonnes particular across the South West. The Carn Galva is the most dramatic rocky tor sits mute and inscrutable on the organization was excellent, and feedback in Penwith, a Roughtor rough equivalent, Carn looking to the Atlantic close below. from those attending was very positive so its vicinity seemed a promising place indeed. I would like to thank Konstanze, for a view frame. I was delighted to find CAS Penwith Walk, Nov 15 with Roger, Adrian, Christine, Jenny Beale, one of these curiosities looking directly David Giddings. Anna, and Mandy and John Eversett for towards the highest summit of Carn Galva their hard work, often behind the scenes, and then to note that immediately adjacent Fifteen or so hardy souls gathered near but particularly Henrietta and Andy for lay a propped stone. Both features are Bosiliack farm and splashed out to Ding putting together both an interesting and about 75m north of the tor at Little Galva; Dong sett where the promised Pont du balanced programme whilst also giving follow the ridge path and you probably not Gard turned out to be a raised leat for talks themselves. In autumn 2016 our miss them. powering Greenburrow stamps. From conference will be a round up of Cornish there it was a short squelch to the View frames are more readily explicable archaeological research with a particular beginning of a likely ceremonial way: a then propped stones. To be an emphasis on West Penwith. large cairn with an inner curb. Next, in a archaeological artefact a rock formation slight saddle, the Nine Maidens, a partially has to be created rather than be a chance, We are delighted to welcome Sophie restored circle with its three largest stones natural disposition of rocks. From the Meyer on becoming our new Hon to the north side, came into view. Another photograph the top stone, to the left, Secretary in early November, following cairn lay just outside the ring and to the which completes the covered triangular Roger’s retirement. We hope very much NNW the stump of a and then two opening, appears to have been placed. that she enjoys this role. Trustees voted further cairns along this crowded ridge. unanimously to recognise the outstanding Our leader was unable to find much in the work that Roger has carried out for the way of alignments or solar significance. Society over the last five years by making him an Honorary Life member. We shall all have a chance to show our appreciation of Roger’s contribution at the AGM in April.

The AGM promises to be an important occasion. We shall be addressed by George Eustice, MP for , and and Minister of State at DEFRA. He comes from a well-known local farming family (Trevaskis Farm). He The viewframe looking towards Carn has in the past expressed his support for Galva. the careful stewardship of our special historic environment and distinctive landscape, and is a vocal supporter of the Nine Maidens Circle. Photo Kathy Conder. Cornish Mining World Heritage Site. We have asked him to reflect on the The view to Carn Galva was very fine but importance of the historic environment to seemed to be detached from the circle Cornwall and Scilly and how devolution of and the menhir; the cairns were neither responsibilities to Cornwall may aligned with each other nor with the Carn; encourage the protection of this fragile the midsummer sunset would be close to resource, not only for its own sake but the less spectacular to the also as a means of strengthening NW, but had no obvious relationship with community identity and the local economy. the ridge features; the larger stones of the As a Cornishman, a local MP and as a Nine Maidens do not frame Carn Galva or member of the Government he has a The propped stone at Little Galva looking point to any clear solar event. Even the unique insight into local sensitivities and towards Carn Galva. evident alignment from circle to menhir to pressures as well as Government hopes large cairn at the NNW end of the ridge and intentions. Come along and judge for Framing devices direct the eye towards appeared to have no bearing on the yourself. the significant feature but, more than that, topography. However, what the fact that many for generations have archaeological riches and what a view! knelt and gazed from the same spot, Little Galva Propped Stone enhances the experience of what is Then we slipped and slid northwards over and Viewframe. signified. Propped stones, on the other a path recently opened by grazing belted hand, are deeply mysterious. Some are Galloways to Little Galva where we were Area rep for Penwith, David Giddings, less so than others; the Little Galva one introduced to the mystery of the propped writes an account of his recent discoveries for instance, which directs the eye towards stone and the view-frame. (See separate and the walk he led to view them. Carn Galva, and Dot Blackman’s article above.) discovery on Carn Galva, which gapes Inspired by the late Tony Blackman, I towards Watch Croft, the be-cairned From the Little Galva ridge we descended have been hunting for propped stones and highest point of Penwith. Of course it into the valley with its have come up with a fair number. After would be interesting to know why this extraordinary range of farming and settlement traces from later prehistory. valley with, to them, incredibly ancient sessions, as well as an annual Some round houses and courtyard houses monuments such as Quoit and the conference. Training sessions will include are bisected by walls constructed during Nine Maidens at the edge of their world. lectures and workshops, off-site archival the C19th moorland intake but a proto- research, guided walks and on-site courtyard house has remained pretty well As an end to an interesting day there was recording. It is hoped that some intact. Adjacent to a mire at the bottom of more delight, apart from a very muddy participants or groups will ‘adopt’ a coastal the valley slope we found the famous path to regain the moor. At a point on the site and carry out long-term monitoring. beehive hut and close by a more gentle ascent the three largest stones of elaborate courtyard house, where we took the Nine Maidens came into view, The project plans to look at a different lunch. Afterwards we crossed both the improbably tall and black against the theme for each month from May to fossilised and ploughed down traces of uniform greyness of the sky. This must September next year: the late prehistoric field system to arrive at surely have been the direction of the stream with its vestiges of tin stream approach, from the North East and not the May – ships – hulks and wrecks working. Nearby, our leader claimed in a “ceremonial way” from the SSE. June – Defending our Island – slightly worrying way, lay a stone which Craddock Moor and Leskernick circles on focussing on defensive structures always raised his spirits and brought a had larger stones facing from prehistory to the Cold war smile to his face. Imagine our near relief downhill towards settlements but then, as July – taster sessions run for the when it turned out to be a merriment stone our guide pointed out, there are no Festival of Archaeology with multiple drillings linked by grooves. settlements with a view up to the Nine August – Coastal Industries Maidens from our direction of travel, September – Lost Landscapes – neither Bosporthennis nor Bodrifty. So walking in Prehistory eg exposed many questions, so few answers. prehistoric environmental remains such as peat deposits MAG CITiZAN training day and other prehistoric sites. 28th September 2015 A summary of the existing records, and Poltesco National Trust Education their limitations, was also outlined (for Room and walk to Trebarveth Romano- example, check www.channelcoast.org for British saltworking site. free Lidar data, geological mapping etc, and don’t forget the Heritage Gateway James Gossip has kindly allowed us to www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway). publish this summary of the MAG training day, which was similar to the one attended The project currently has three years of The merriment stone. by CAS members on 26th Sept at funding, and it is hoped that that will Gwithian. continue. ADS (the Archaeology Data But are we to believe the story that simple Service hosted by the University of York) tunes could be played by charging the Eleven MAG members attended the has agreed to hold the CITiZAN archive holes with explosive of varying quantity, training day held by CITiZAN (Coastal and and MoLA will operate the website for at laying a powder trail between them and Intertidal Zone Archaeology Network). least 10 years. igniting the arrangement? After the Pont CITiZAN is a new national project to du Gard who can be sure? record archaeology under threat from MAG members were shown the basics of coastal erosion, funded by the Heritage ‘off-set’ or ‘baseline’ site survey, the Ten minutes or so downstream we came Lottery Fund, Crown Estate and National preferred method for detailed recording of to another stone, this one with multiple trust and led by the Museum of London threatened sites, as well as the cup marks. It lies beside a track which is Archaeology (MoLA) with the support of importance of scales in photographs and the lowest route across the peninsular and the Council for British Archaeology, annotation on drawings. on a point very close to the watershed. A Nautical Archaeology Society and Historic very short distance from both track and . The day started with an Data can be collected by participants on stone is the Iron Age village of Bodrifty. introduction to the project from the pro forma paper forms and sent directly to Its pound wall, an unusual feature in these leaders, Alex Bellisario and Lauren CITiZAN - this can include a brief parts, has suffered near oblivion at the Tidbury, who explained the objectives of description, annotated sketch, hand of a building contractor in the early the project, including a short film photographs or a detailed measured C20th. Round houses have, however, explaining the need for action due to an survey. It is hoped that some users will survived; one of mixed orthostatic and laid increase in coastal erosion. The upload data directly using the CITiZAN masonry construction which may suggest importance of volunteer support was app for mobile phones or tablets – this has an earlier period of occupation. Another highlighted as the success of the project is been delayed but it is hoped to be failed to perfectly cover the base of an dependent on making as many people available for download VERY soon! earlier house, the foundations of which lie aware of our coastal heritage as possible. partly exposed outside the later walling. Ultimately all survey and monitoring data The app is basically a digital form with Dilapidation of a third was explained by gathered by CITiZAN volunteers will be fields for basic description of the site the use of convenient earthfast boulders, uploaded to the online database and will (much the same as the paper form) but their odd angles providing insecure be available to everyone. will also record GPS position. In time it will courses for masonry. Finds from the be possible to use the app for a ‘see 1951-5 excavation suggest that a It is intended that the project will bring what’s around me’ when you walk along community lived in this place from around the beach and identify sites which need rd archaeology professionals, academics the 3 century BC for about 500 years. and community groups together to share recording. Eventually CITiZAN hope to They practised mixed husbandry, spun expertise and resources, with regular hold survey and monitoring data for the yarn, ground corn and presumably hunted outreach events taking place such as entire English coastline, information which and gathered; these were generations of talks, exhibitions and practical training will also be shared with county HERs people pursuing a life in this sheltered (Historic Environment Records). After lunch MAG members walked with Alex Mark began the tour in the shop/office not just a mock-up for tourists but a and Lauren to the Trebarveth Romano- area by introducing us to various aspects working concern. British salt working site. Everyone was of tin streaming/mining. He showed how alarmed at the rapid progress of coastal likely rock could be ‘assayed’ by using a We then walked down to Trethellas beach erosion there, with sections of the main vanning shovel; after grinding some small and crossed over the rocky foreshore to roundhouse recently collapsed onto the part of the rock the sandy sediment could Trevaunance Cover. At Trevaunance we shore. Several sherds of briquettage and be separated out into tin and residue. It could see the remains of St Agnes domestic wares were collected from the took about a ton of rock to make an ingot; Harbour, now a pile of worked stone but beach below the site. James will be the large amount of waste material could had been a working harbour for 150 years. speaking with Ann Preston-Jones (Historic be envisaged from that statement. Earlier England and CAU) on how best to tackle efforts were through streaming rather than After lunch we went to Bolster farm to the site, as it clearly needs urgent mining and when tin disappeared from the view a section of Bolster Dyke, by kind recording. The last time the site was rivers and from the foreshores of the permission of the owners of the farm. This surveyed was in 1969 when the site was coves and beaches mining provided the section is clearly delineated on the ground excavated by DPS Peacock. Important raw material. He said that the original as a bank and ditch but the Dyke is still a features are now being exposed and lost material produced 1% tin, up to 10% on mystery as no dating has yet been made. occasions. However, there is a good view of St Agnes Beacon from Bolster Farm and it certainly He led us outside to view the refining could have been a linear feature marking process, from the crushing machine out the position of the Beacon, possibly in operated by water power e.g a water Bronze or Iron Age period. Who knows? A wheel using the water from the river via a question still to be answered. leat. The crushing process was fascinating as what appeared to be a random set of We then reached the Museum, where rods were in fact working in a pattern Roger had very kindly laid on tea and which crushed the rock in a set, not cake. The group thoroughly enjoyed the random, fashion. The resulting solution day and our very great thanks to Roger for was then pumped back into the refining leading us and Isobel for her staunch work The site in 1969.. shed. But this is a modern system. We with the tea pot at the Museum. could see the 19thC process set out Jenny Beale MAG (and CAS) members may either like around us. Balmaidens were the ‘rock to register themselves as recorders, or do crushers’ and they had the skill to see if tin More work at The Hurlers. was in part of the rock piece, isolate that it as a group or both! To find out more and piece and reject the rest. The residue of to register as a CITiZAN recorder, visit U3A has recently been awarded www.citizan.org.uk their work could be seen around the site, £33,700 from the Heritage Lottery Fund littering the slopes and heights of the (HLF), for an exciting project called The site today with an eroded cliff. valley. Dry crushing was the earlier form, Reading the Hurlers. The community geo- and ‘quern’ like stones had been found archaeological project focuses on the around the site which would have been early site of the Hurlers stone used for the crushing process. Water as a circles, near the village of Minions, crushing agent was used from about Bodmin Moor. As part of the project, 1550. There was a machine called a volunteers will undertake a geological Buddle, working on the same principle of survey and produce a profile of the area’s the vanning shovel. Very labour intensive granite resources which will aim to identify so the modern system using electricity to the sources of granite which the standing pump the crushed material was a great stones of the Hurlers were quarried from. improvement. In September 2016, an archaeological excavation of a potential new , See situated very close to the Hurler's complex http://www.cornisharchaeology.org.uk/inde will be undertaken by Cornwall x_htm_files/No.8%201969.pdf Archaeological Unit. This excavation is supported by a grant from Cornwall Archaeological Society and members of St Agnes Tinners and Wreckers CAS are invited to take part in the Day excavation alongside members of Saltash U3A.

20 members and guests gathered near St Members view the buddle. Photo Phil Saban. Financial support from Cornwall Heritage Agnes Museum to join Roger Radcliffe on Trust has meant that Reading the Hurlers a visit to Blue Hills Tin Streams and St We then moved to the processing shed, will also include a comprehensive Agnes Museum. Here we were greeted by where the liquid flowed onto the vanning programme of school visits and Mark Wills before being given a tour of the tables and then collected to be refined. activities. For more information and for business which has become the last We all squeezed into the furnace area and schools who would like to take part, working tin mine/refining business in he showed the various processes used to please contact the Project Co-ordinator, Cornwall. It is situated in a steeply sided extract the impurities, including the Emma Stockley. valley with small river running down to the reducing oven used to extract sulphur and sea at Trethallas Porth. arsenic. A fascinating experience, and one [email protected] that was all the more remarkable as it is

CAS/DAS Symposium geophysical survey showed concentric not built to impress outsiders, but is part of ditches which are thought to be filled with an “insider’s” landscape. Dr Frieman said st Saturday 31 October archaeology. that she had little sense that Cornish 2015 people took on any foreign character from Hillforts in South East Cornwall. external trade, but traded on their own Dr Catherine Frieman and Jamie terms and kept their own ideas and IRON AGE HILLFORTS, traditions. ENCLOSURES AND LANDUSE Lewis. IN SOUTH WEST BRITAIN. This project was begun in 2012 with Small but perfectly formed – 2 cooperation from the geophysical team of enclosures at an Iron Age Mount Folly and the enclosures Saltash Heritage Group. There was little settlement in . Dr in the South Hams. extant information about this corner of Andy Jones. Cornwall, the lowland area between the Unfortunately Dr Eileen Wilkes was ill, so Tamar and rivers. The navigable The site included 2 circular enclosures, her paper was delivered by Frances rivers and links with Bodmin Moor roundhouses and the remnants of a field Griffith, who had been her colleague in the suggested possible connections with the system which were all in use during the project. wider world. Bronze Age ingots had been last century cal BC. This allowed for th found near Island and a 13-11 areas devoted to livestock, to dwelling and Aerial reconnaissance over the South century BC Aegean sword hilt was to ceremony. A larger, rectangular Hams showed several hill forts and recorded from the Pelynt area, so it was enclosure was undated. Both enclosures enclosures in both the uplands and decided to concentrate on the Fowey to were approximately 17m. in diameter and lowlands, thought to belong to the 1st West Looe area, especially Pelynt. There defined by ditches and both were of millennium BC. But only excavation could was a large possible enclosure, unusual form. Enclosure 1 had an outer confirm their dates. Bigbury Parish has 7 the Duloe Stone Circle, several barrows bank and resembled a hengiform enclosures and Mount Folly was chosen and multi-vallate enclosures at Bury Down monument. Enclosure 2 had a central for closer examination because it was and Bake Rings. cairn surrounded by multiple ring-ditches possibly involved in a cross-channel and resembled a ditched platform cairn. exchange network as well as Mount Bury Down hillfort is on the only land over Neither contained any internal structures, Batten and Hengisbury Head. In July 200m and has commanding views but there was an off-centre pit covered by 1989 Ludgate Field, Mount Folly, was towards Bodmin Moor and to the south. holed slabs within enclosure 1 and shown to have 2 enclosures and an Iron The outer enclosure may have been a enclosure 2 had several tree bowls, some Age promontory fort (date unconfirmed) Neolithic causewayed enclosure. certainly predating the enclosure. They nearby. One enclosure was square with Geophysical survey showed the interior to may have been built for livestock or for rounded corners, while the one to its south be a single entry site with 2 rectangular ceremonial purposes. was not the same shape. The ditch features, probably from historic times. The profiles were different, but the fills were exterior survey showed up trackways and There was very little evidence at the site the same; both contained Romano/British another rectangular feature. of cereal production and animal bones do pottery. The southern enclosure had a not preserve well in Cornish soils, so it is Padderbury Top. The geophysical survey terrace cut into the field with a house difficult to estimate how many cattle or showed well preserved features with a altered many times, which was sheep may have been on the site. “busy” central area within the hillfort. It abandoned in the Iron Age and covered However the enclosures were too small to rd seemed better preserved than Bury Down. with fill from upslope containing 3 century have accommodated many animals and AD pottery. There were many pits and there were no signs of tethering posts or Bake Rings, Pelynt is a large circular post holes and a gully which had been internal byres. recut several times, suggesting stages of structure with another smaller enclosure connected to it in a figure 8. The entrance occupation. Geophysical survey of a wider Neolithic period hengiform monuments are area has been built up and there is a very area revealed trackways and a third accepted as ceremonial sites, set apart for enclosure in a neighbouring field. deep ditch. communal use and designed to enhance the theatrical effect of activities within. Hall Rings is a multivallate hillfort, now Finds included quern stones and spindle The practice may have survived or been almost entirely ploughed out. whorls and pottery from the Bronze Age revived with possibly remodelled sites in through to the Romano/British period, The enclosures are not isolated but relate the Iron Age. Three Cornish -like which had been made from both local and to groups of 3 barrow cemeteries. They enclosures with Iron Age associations imported clays. A broach imported from are not intervisible, but each overlooks have been investigated. Hay Close, St Iberia confirmed Mount Folly as part of a fording places. The roads seem to adhere East, has a diameter of 60m. It cross-channel trade complex. to the funerary monuments. However, the had a V shaped ditch and outside bank. An enclosure at Tremough, Penryn, was Further exploration included Clanacombe, roads may have come first and the 50m in diameter and one of its three Thornberry, east of Kingsbridge, Holbury barrows raised near them. The barrows concentric ditches had an outside bank. and a hillfort at Burleigh Dolts, where are not visible from the enclosures, but Both were much bigger than the there are no upstanding remains, but a are within the landscape. Hall Rings was enclosures at Camelford, but one at Scarcewater, , was less than Excavation and geophysical survey had once been its western limit, may have 10m in diameter. recorded a field system defined by occurred during later occupation during ditches. People farmed, lived and had a the early post-Roman period, (AD 380- As well as the dramatic appearance of the workshop very close to the enclosures 610) as Phase 6. Some internal postholes enclosures, structured depositions within used for ritual activities within this small with middle and later Iron Age dates the Camelford ditches and pits suggest settlement. The material and spiritual were suggest that Phase 5 found the hillfort no ritual activity. The southern ditch terminal integrated into their lives and not confined longer maintained, but with some of enclosure 1 contained a dark deposit of to separate areas set at a distance to occupation. The dating of the ramparts pottery, charcoal and burnt animal bone. create more mystery. and ditches was made possible only Similar deposits had been found at where C14 dates or identifiable pottery Trevelgue and the Rumps cliff castles. The discussion topics included a) the could be found in secure contexts, so an Midden material had been deposited in comparative shapes of enclosures in excavation over a limited area would not the ditch of enclosure 2. Here also was Devon and Cornwall, with a perceived answer all the questions posed by the found a fragment of the upper part of a tendency to desert the rectilinear for the geophysical and aerial surveys. rotary quern which may have been round as you go further west. formally buried there. There was also a The multi-vallate hillfort at Hembury is also large block of quartz with a small piece of b) The proximity of small sites to each built on the site of a Neolithic causewayed iron wedged into it. This assemblage had other which suggested that the areas were enclosure, which became a type site for no obvious function, but merged two not controlled by an overall chieftain, but early Neolithic pottery. Although the Iron materials which may have held magical or inhabited by competing family groups. Age enclosure is well preserved, there is symbolic qualities. nothing to be seen of the Neolithic site. c) The inter-visibility of sites and what The interior of enclosure 2 contained no could be seen from the entrances of the Life in the Landscape: a sheep’s enclosure and particularly why some were structures or central pit and the presence eye view from around Cadbury of tree bowls reminded the archaeologists sited on downslopes. Weather and of classical references to Iron Age shrines prevailing winds was offered as a reason Castle, Somerset. Clare Randle. set in sacred groves. The central cairn for siting and orientation. Cadbury Castle had been excavated in covered some of the tree bowls and may the 1960s and published in 2000 revealing have been constructed as a platform or Does shape matter? Hillforts Early Neolithic, Middle and Late Bronze stage, or may have sealed the site after and enclosures in Devon. Age phases before the Iron Age hillfort. the enclosure had fallen out of use. Frances Griffith. There had been a huge assemblage of animal bones, but these would have been Enclosure 3 was identified by geophysical Frances described the aerial photography survey but not excavated. It was dropped where the animals were project over Devon which had identified so slaughtered and eaten, not where they rectilinear in shape, measuring 32m by many sites from cropmarks. She stressed 28m and parallels a number of excavated were raised. Cereals would have been that shape was no indicator of age or date processed where people lived, not where Iron Age sites in Cornwall, such as Boden of use. The sequence of building walls or or Tremough, and belongs to the “very they were grown. Heritage Environment structures on a site can only be records showed nothing in the fields small” enclosures identified by cropmarks discovered by excavation. The belief that along the Camel estuary. Like the one at surrounding the hill fort until a planned rectilinear meant Roman and round meant programme of geophysical survey showed Higher Besore, it lay near an unenclosed British had long been abandoned. Iron Age roundhouse settlement. A large Bronze Age activity and a variety of enclosures for different animal roundhouse within it may have belonged The discoveries at Raddon Hill, Stockleigh management and arable schemes. The to a high status family since it is built on Pomeray, published in Proceedings of “empty” spaces below the hill were the highest part of the site. Devon Archaeological Society 1999, is a inhabited by sheep and goats, which good case study. In phase 1 a became popular in the Later Iron Age. Structure 4, a ring gulleyed roundhouse to causewayed enclosure defined by an oval Animals need fodder, water and shelter, the south of Enclosure 1, was only partly interrupted ditch, dated to 3370-3020 cal which can be provided in a choice of excavated. As a house within its own BC, occupied the crest of the hill. There ways. Sheep may be left to roam freely enclosure, it would have been set within a was an appended extension to the west, vulnerable to wolves and thieves or space of around 14.4m in diameter, some 30m across. Phase 2 was an Early managed within a confined space. The making it an imposing building, Iron Age palisaded enclosure dated to way the animals behave is crucial to the approximately the same dimensions as 810-410 cal BC. Phase 3 was a single way in which they can be moved. Gates enclosures 1 and 2. Structure 5 was enclosure hillfort whose ditch followed the were put at the corners of rectilinear fields conjoined with the eastern side of D shape of the palisade. Phase 4, still so that the hedges acted as funnels and structure 4 and appears to have been a dated to the Early Iron Age, created an fewer people were needed to control the multi-phase building. It may have been a enclosed area to the west of the D shaped flock. Arable land could have a gate workshop for small scale iron tool repairs hillfort, which may have filled in the anywhere. Over time the field system and an ancillary to the large roundhouse intervening ditch, to create an enclosure would develop as the sheep are rotated dwelling. almost double in size. (2ha). The infilling through grazing areas and some land is of the ditch across the enclosure, which left fallow or un-grazed to allow it to recover and to avoid diseases such as pottery from all excavated hillforts in there are still many facets of the historical liver fluke. On the curvilinear Devon and Cornwall and their contexts to background which need sorting out. and rectilinear use of space is not very determine when each hillfort was definitely different. occupied. Earliest Iron Age Raddon, Woodbury Castle and possibly Hembury Pastoralism in later prehistoric in Devon and Trevelgue in Cornwall: Early : a Iron Age Trevelgue, Maen Castle, landscape view. Ralph Fyfe. Gurnard’s Head (Cornwall) and Blackbury in Devon: Middle Iron Age Trevelgue, The Pollen analysis can reconstruct the Rumps, Penhale Point, Castle Dore, vegetation of an area, though it must be Killibury and Castle-an-Dinas in Cornwall, remembered that pollen can blow in from Milber Down, Blackbury, Embury Beacon, 5km around. It can signal that a clearing Hembury, Raddon and Berry Ball in existed, but not exactly where. There was Devon: it should be noted that ceramic an increase in sheep production in the phasing within the Middle Iron Age is Iron Age, for meat, possibly for milk and sometimes possible: Late Iron Age for wool, which may have been traded. Cordoned ware in Cornwall can also be Picture from English Heritage. Sheep were nutrient pumps, manuring phased, but only Caerloggas had depleted soil. They could be put out by occupation lasting through to the arrival of He went on to say that English Heritage day and folded back by night. Rome; there is no definite evidence for who manage the site feel that the current interpretation boards need up grading. He Conservation grazing could preserve Devon hillforts in the Late Iron Age. (Henrietta’s article on Cornish ceramics in wanted to highlight the question of how heathland. But they have to be managed st the stories could be told for public the 1 millennium BC in Cornish as they eat differently than cattle and can presentation. Starting with a timeline, severely degrade the landscape by Archaeology Volume 50 provides good there is no reference to a castle at overgrazing, since they bite the grass background on the ceramics). Restormel until 1265. However at this closer and can defoliate small bushes. point it was not only functioning but was of The discussion topics following these some importance. He then traced the Examples of ruined landscapes were from talks included the effect of climate history of the castle through two centuries Iceland which was settled by Norsemen in change, the habits of sheep and cattle and of occupation with the creation of the the 9th century and the forests decreased what science contributes to the study of in 1337 who remain the by grazing from 25% to 1% of the freeholder of the castle to this day. environmental archaeology. It was also available land. In the 19th century the However by early 16th C the castle had stressed how important it is that the proliferation of sheep in New Zealand become virtually redundant, leadwork and written and material archives from badly affected the soil. timbers having gone. A brief few weeks in excavation are kept in the best 1644 saw the Parliamentarians taking possession but were quickly removed by Isotopic signatures could indicate where circumstances in museum stores and the royalist armies. sheep had grazed and could be evidence made available for further study by experts in scientific analysis which might for transhumance practice in later By 1920 the Office of Works had taken not have been available when the finds prehistory. The presence of particular over management from the Duchy. fungi in dungs can indicate the animal were discovered or beyond the budget Jeremy then led us through many aspects management. A project to analyse cores allocated to the excavation. Specialist of the history, and the detective work from Buscombe on Exmoor showed that in curators and conservators are vital to the carried out to tell the history from the structural remains still standing. He the Middle Bronze Age there was a period preservation of archives. showed a photo of the view through the of intense activity over 60-70 years and Thanks to Henrietta Quinnell and Andy gatehouse which clearly illustrated the fact then a decline while heath grew, possibly Jones for reviewing and improving these that the castle stands with a dry ditch and as a result of overgrazing. Climate change outer bank; this bank is not a mound but reports. may have also played a part in grazing an earth revetment. John Leland about practices. 1540 visited and described a Base Court; CAS LECTURES 2015 no remains now with post medieval tree Reviewing chronological data planting obscuring the landscape. Circling around new Perhaps there may be an opportunity for from old and new work: an future archaeological work on this point. interpretations of Restormel emerging picture. Henrietta Castle Jeremy Ashbee Nov.13th Jeremy then referred to the surrounding Quinnell. landscape; the borough of and Restormel is one of the most distinctive the close links to the castle. He also As if to further illustrate Frances Griffith’s castles in Britain but there is still a great posed the question of the visibility of the theme that dates can only be discovered deal of information to be elucidated. Roman Fort; were the earthworks more by excavation, Henrietta explained that Jeremy began with the statement that obvious in the 11th or 12th centuries thus minds should always be open to new Restormel belongs to a type known as giving the founders of the castle reason to place Restormel where it is. Jeremy also analysis of the finds archive. Agreeing ‘shell-keep’ and then confessed that very gave some new information about the with Barry Cunliffe’s division of the Iron recently a castle specialist has now classed Restormel as a ‘circular castle’. placing of Baldwin’s Bridge which has Age into four periods, Henrietta reviewed Notwithstanding this new pronouncement been a topic of much discussion in the past. A recent discovery of a document at Davey, Davies Gilbert and Richard and events. Some could have the the National Archives points to a Trevithick. Generous donors left excitement of curating an exhibition on a possibility that Baldwin’s Bridge hermitage collections from their travels overseas and particular local theme. was in fact nearby. In 1295 Earl Edmund from local sources, so that the museum enclosed some woodland which actually now holds approximately 300,000 items of Discussion followed with suggestions from belonged to Tywardreath Priory and in which only 6% is on display. 33% of the the floor about the use of exhibition space 1307 the Prior complained, wanting collection is archaeology. and topics for special temporary displays. compensation. Perhaps there is now a Ian proved to be a good listener and we case for the founding by Baldwin, sheriff of Ian described how the museum acquired can be confident that the connection Cornwall about 1100, the time of more space and how it has changed over between CAS and RIC will be fostered Domesday Book, of a Hermitage and time. This story will be told in a special further by him and by our President, Nick bridge over the Fowey just below the exhibition being prepared for the bi- Johnson. castle. Baldwin’s Bridge later became the century of the RIC. site of the Manor of Restormel. Some of the report above is an edited Over the last four years the RIC has had a version of Ian Wall’s article about the Jeremy showed how the plan of the significant reduction in its revenue funding reorganisation at the RCM from interior; the position of first floor rooms as a result of public sector cuts. Added to Newsletter 138 June 2015. and the staircases from ground floor can this the gradual decline in visitors to the be deduced. A comparison can be made museum has weakened its opportunity to The Remarkable Heritage of the with Conwy Castle’s room structure as shore up the budget through more Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Restormel and Conwy were constructed at commercial fundraising activity. It was Natural Beauty. Samantha Barnes. about the same time. Although no building also Ian’s view, after being in post nine accounts have come to light, a survey [the months last October, that previous Sam began her lecture with the well- Caption of Seisin] was made in 1337 of all restructures had not addressed a known picture by Turner called “Crossing the lands acquired by the newly created fundamental issue as to whether the team the Brook,” painted in 1815 to show that Duchy of Cornwall. This contains much structure was right for the new financial the rural beauty of the Tamar valley had detail of the buildings and hints at the reality and to take the RIC forward. been recognised for at least 200 years. existence of an extensive occupation area New Bridge is in the outside the gate of the castle. However, In early 2014 the Trustees and staff were background as an indication of modern life the builders did manage to create a small engaged in setting a new vision for the impinging on the idyllic rural scene in the palatial living area within the small inner RIC and the museum and library which foreground. ward; a considerable architectural identified the need to raise the profile of achievement. the organisation and capture the imagination of existing and future In conclusion the speaker said that at the audiences about the collections; creating moment it is not possible to say when the a dynamic and vibrant cultural hub with a castle dates to; hopefully more strong Cornish narrative. This ambition documentation will be found. But it is clear within a tight funding environment meant that the landscape surrounding the castle that a new streamlined staff structure is of great importance and he ended on a needed to be put in place which saw the pleasant note, imaging Earl Edmund on development of more flexible roles that the battlements surveying his widespread encouraged innovation in delivery and domain, drink in hand, finances growing in improved co-ordination across the whole Lostwithiel, his pleasure park around him organisation. and his soul being cared for in the nearby Hermitage. A fundamental change to the roles was Jenny Beale. the creation of Collection Managers who would now have the responsibility for the The Role of the Royal Institution of care of the entire collections including the Cornwall after nearly 200 years of archaeological material which makes up collecting. Dr Ian Wall. approximately 30% or 90,000 objects. Within these new roles there is the

retention of significant curatorial expertise. Crossing the Brook, J.M.W. Turner. Tate Ian had been enthused about museums Sara Chambers took up the post of Gallery. when as a boy he visited the famous Collections and Exhibitions Manager in Tutankhamun Exhibition at the British The Tamar Valley AONB is the youngest April 2015 after being the Curator of Museum in 1972. It showed him how in the country. It includes the valleys of the Natural History and Mineralogy with 14 important it was to keep in mind the Tamar, Tavy and Lynher rivers. It’s years of experience and collection fascination of a human story. Now as remarkable heritage is indicated by it knowledge under her belt. Director at the RCM his challenge is to encompassing: think about the role of a museum in the The RIC needs to develop stronger community and how it should reflect the partnerships and make opportunities for 27 Scheduled Monuments local as well as world cultures. more people to volunteer. The strong links 645 Listed Buildings (including that exist between the RIC and the Buckland Abbey) The Cornwall Literary and Philosophical Cornwall Archaeological Society are 4 Registered Parks and Gardens Institution had been formed in 1818, one fundamental to it achieving Ian’s ambitious 14 Conservation areas. of 7 key Institutions in the country at that vision and he looks forward to working 3320 entries in the Cornwall and time. In 1821 Royal Patronage was closely with CAS members, drawing on Devon Heritage Environment granted and the Royal Institution of their knowledge about the archaeological Records. Cornwall was formed. Its founders collections to create exciting exhibitions included such worthies as Humphrey 16.5% of the TVAONB is within Another hoard of radiants with a sesterius the World Heritage Mining Site. of Trajan came from Sennen Parish.

The themes for study included mining and A denarius of Antoninus Pius had been market gardening, with many more, found in Gwennap and a Roman finger particularly in the fields of flora and fauna. ring in Sennen. Sam discussed aspects of the heritage including the changes of ownership, A Bronze Age axehead was reported from shrinking resources and increased traffic, St Enoder and an enamelled mount tree diseases, planning policies and depicting a unicorn drinking from Gwithian increasing population. Volunteers under a was possibly Iron Age or Early Medieval. scheme called “Helping Hands for Heritage” were given training by experts Iron Age staters from Gwithian were made The Mylor Hoard in situ. over 16 themes, especially “Heritage of alloy. More Iron Age finds Watch”, which Sam had modelled on the included a whetstone from St Agnes and a CAS Monument Watch scheme. Another scabbard mount with a design on it. theme was called “Watery Heritage”. A stirrup strap mount from Deviock Community engagement was encouraged depicted a lion, but the animal on an by guided walks, for example to Anglo-Saxon one from Gwithian is yet to with its Long Barrow and Mining sites. be identified. Volunteers had field-walked at Pentillie Estate and found flint tools. A geophysical Laura Ratcliffe explained why it was vital survey at Mount Edgecumbe estate had that a conservationist should be involved complemented field-walking there when a at the first opportunity and before finds barbed and tanged arrowhead had been were sent to museums for identification. found in a field where Bronze Age axes She had trained the volunteers to had been recorded. A challenge for the recognise how vulnerable the artefacts Mylor Hoard and fern. officers of the AONB is how to keep the were once they had been lifted from the interest of the volunteers when the initial ground and that cleaning them could funding has run out. It needs a damage the surfaces. Laura listed the professional officer to organise and reasons for expert intervention. The encourage volunteers to conserve and artefacts should be cleaned enhance the landscape. for identification If this lecture was an example of for conservation reasons Samantha’s enthusiasm and zeal for her for display job it easy to see how she recruited and to stabilise the finds to survive maintained the loyalty of her volunteers. processing to offer advice to the finder For more information see the website: to find out more about it to report www.tamarvalley.org.uk the article for publicity purposes. Mylor Hoard on display. Photos Laura Ratcliffe.

th Members’ Evening (Truro) 5 Cornish soil is prone to high salt and Reinterpreting Chysauster. Susan November. choline levels which corrode metals, so Greaney. most finds are not in the best shape. Most Susan is a senior properties historian with Anna Tyacke introduced the scheme of the 179 coins from St Levan needed to English Heritage and she explained that funded over 5 years by HLF to train up be cleaned quickly to conserve them. as part of the re-organisation of English volunteers to recognise and record finds Heritage and Historic England, money has such as pottery and flints. The Past The Bronze Age axe showed original wear been found to bring properties up to Explorers’ Project encouraged metal marks, so had been used before it was scratch and to make them more visitor detectorists to bring their finds to the deposited. A finder had brought in an axe friendly so that they can earn more attention of Anna in her role as Portable which he had waxed to preserve it, but income and stand on their own feet. She Antiquities Officer and to Laura Ratcliffe had not cleaned it well enough before is planning for Chysauster and for conservation. Some of the best finds applying the wax, so the metal was still a new guidebook and new interpretation would be displayed in a dedicated area of being corroded. panels. There may be models of the sites the Royal Cornwall Museum. Enamel is very crumbly and has to be and reconstructions. Anna showed pictures of recent finds expertly cleaned to see its state. Susan gave an account of the various including: Middle Bronze Age objects from sources for her research. Chysauster was Hayle and Roche, a strip which had been Laura reminded us of the Mylor Hoard of excavated in the 1930s. J.T.Blight had rolled into a bead and a thin ribbon with axes which had been unused, but packed drawn and planned the which was rivet holes at either end, possibly to attach into a pot with fern leaves. Organic 150 feet long (46m for our younger it to a piece of wood or horn. remains have to be carefully preserved. Even leather and wood might be members!) and suffered a major collapse A hoard of 179 Roman sestertii (69- preserved under the soil, such as with the circa 1850. W.C.Borlase had excavated 261AD) was discovered at St Levan with Boden knife or a small socketed axe with the fogou at Carn Euny in the 1860s and in 1873 had excavated one house at every Emperor represented, from Otho to a leather cover found at another site. Valerean. Chysauster depositing 6 sherds of pottery with the British Museum. In 1897 Holman and Cornish had excavated house 4 at examine and re-interpret faded solve this problem. He used 3D Chysauster and their finds are in Penlee engravings. He began with the “axes” at photogrammetry to take 1,100 photos House Museum. In 1928 House 3 was Boscawen-un which he had identified as through a 16mm lens. It took weeks of excavated by Watkins and O’Neil Henken, feet and published in our last Newsletter processing time with 330 million Their finds included 1,323 sherds of (139. October 2015) measurement points precise to 1mm to pottery from one house, now in the RCM produce a 3D computer model of the and published in 1933. From 1933-9 Croft structure. One problem he faced was that Andrew did some excavations at the colour of the stones changed with the Chysauster and some reconstruction, but light through the day. his work was not fully published and the archive is in the English Heritage store at News from Area Representatives Fort Brocklehurst. A project to review all Emma Trevarthen. Croft Andrew’s work has not yet found funding. Just after our last Area Reps meeting I heard back from the Waveney Valley archaeologists who were in Cornwall recently. They have sent some images of the amazing graffiti they photographed in Mylor, Gunwalloe and Mullion churches. They have also posted a lot on Twitter and I’ve just got round to retweeting most of them on the HER feed. What is especially good news is that although very few of our medieval churches will yield the wealth of Chysauster. incised stone graffiti Mylor has, there is The key research questions are: Tom had also published with us his clearly potential for surveying medieval discoveries at Gulval Church where he woodwork in Cornwall. to find the date and length of occupation found the cross base outside the church by reviewing the finds which are deposited porch to have been carved with pictures of in different archives the four evangelists. to establish the extent of the settlement, including both the houses and the field system by making a full earthwork survey of the site. to examine the size and condition of the fogou, which had been blocked up in the late 1980s, through a geophysical survey make a complete geophysical survey of the grassy field below the settlement discover what activities went on at the settlement by allocating finds to rooms and houses to make a 3D model of the site to build a viewing platform to oversee the Tom’s further research on this cross base village and discourage visitors from with Michelle P Brown has been published climbing the walls in the January/February 2016 edition of British Archaeology. to build a new school hut Gunwalloe Church Porch. Mullion Pew (below) Outliers at Carwynnen Quoit had been to explore the theory that the fogou and marked with criss-cross incisions which the area around it, as yet unexcavated, is may have been rock art, but further Iron Age and that in the 2nd-4th centuries research using an ambient occlusion AD people moved uphill. method has led Tom to revise his suspicions and to identify them as score English Heritage hopes to set up most of marks from a plough or ard. these improvements by July 2016!!! St Piran’s Oratory is of course sheltered Do you see what I see? Thomas within a concrete surrounding wall, which prevents a photographer from standing Goskar. back to take a photograph of the whole structure or make a laser scan of the Tom explained how he had used fabric of the walls. Tom was called in to photogrammetry at several sites to Hartland and Plymouth and at least three places in Somerset.

For archaeologists of early Modern times the third section will be of most interest. Considerable quantities of archaeological material are depicted and described here. Studying as wide a range of artefacts as possible, chapters consider cooking gear inluding brass vessels and a white ale jug in the Royal Cornwall Museum, previously Book Review by Joanna Mattingly thought to be a water container, to table glass and imported Portuguese faience. West Country Households, 1500-1700 Here there is also a strong focus on the (Society for Post Medieval Archaeology need to use correct terminology with Monograph Series no. 9, Boydell Press, museum cataloguing coming under fire for 2015), ed. John Allan, Nat Alcock & David trying to over-standardise based on Dawson. 484pp, 24 x 17.2cm, 25 colour & modern usage and ignoring changes over 137 b/w illustrations. ISBN 978 1 84383 time. Discussions of when is a cup a cup 994 1. Price £30.00. Mylor arch. or a jug a jug (the latter term not being This long awaited, very readable, and used before the 1530s) and how richly illustrated volume began as a series meanings can change are especially of conference papers in 2007 and thought provoking. The use of contains much of interest for Cornish contemporary depictions and inventories archaeologists. It comprises three is strongly advocated, though always sections focusing on the form and balanced by other sources. Randle development of West Country houses, Holme’s 1688 Cheshire treatise on their decoration, and their material culture. heraldry, the Academy of Armory is Starting with the vernacular house and a particularly useful as it shows a wide useful, if probably incomplete, map of range of domestic artefacts/potential long-house distribution in Devon and heraldic symbols. Finally, two chapters Cornwall, this section also includes explore the ghastly good taste of the Godolphin, and Exeter town houses. The period. Firstly, ‘Dinner on the Ceiling’ latter bear comparison with houses in discusses the extraordinary plaster Fowey, Penryn and Looe and fill in gaps ceilings with plated centrepieces of a of what has gone. Another chapter cod’s head, and pears found at 144 Fore reinterprets many smoking chambers/corn Street Exeter, while the reinterpretation driers as malt kilns; malt being an and redisplay of St Nicholas Priory essential component of ale. The clinching includes, necessarily, garish modern argument seems to be that such replicas. Mylor Church Pier chambers are too close to the fire for successful smoking.of meat to take place, Lanyon Quoit. Roche Rock Repairs to Arch by with corn drying use being secondary if at English Heritage, from Anne all. Thanks to James Kitto for his inspiring Preston Jones. picture of the quoit at midsummer. It is of Section two is Devon-focused and course the logo of CAS. But do members provides a rich corpus of styles for realise that it is far from in its original comparison with Cornwall. From state? Michael Tangye, quotes Royal polychrome decoration on a plank-and- Cornwall Gazette 24th April 1824 (Old th muntin screen (religious and Renaissance Cornwall Autumn 2015. Page 16) On 10 motifs combined) to stained hangings of December 1824 “this celebrated stone woodland and hunting scenes c.1720, which weighs about 13 tons, and which early modern households certainly loved fell from its station on 19th October 1813 colour. North Devon tiles survive at during a violent and destructive storm of Launcells church and painted hangings wind was replaced by the united and from a house at are now in the indefatigable exertions of Lieutenant Roche Rock October 2015 Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Museum at Goldsmith and Captain Giddy, with the aid Stratford-on-Avon. One wonders, too, if of the materials and machinery employed the fashion for mid-17th century sgraffito- about the Logan Rock.” decorated fireplaces ever crossed the Tamar; examples having been found in (See walks Flyer for rest of this article)

The Red, the Dead and the Med; my adventures in Onsite our working day (Sunday to Thursday) consisted of Israel. Bryony Smerdon. excavation work from 5am to 1pm, followed by post-excavation tasks from 4pm to 7pm. On our weekends off (Friday and Last summer I was fortunate enough to excavate at Tel Bet Saturday) we were allowed to leave the kibbutz and travel of our Yerah, an Early Bronze Age settlement site in Northern Israel. own accord. One weekend we travelled 80 kilometres southeast The location of the excavation provided a dramatic theatre for of Jerusalem by public bus to Ein Gedi. The journey in itself was archaeology which was steeped in both biblical and contemporary an adventure as our bus wound itself through the rocky history. The site itself is a known as a tel (from the Arabic word landscape and we were unsure where to get off! Situated on the for mound), a man-made topography resulting from thousands of shore of the Dead Sea and 429 metres below sea level, this was years of human occupation, construction and reuse. This mound the lowest place on Earth. Floating atop the salty waters of the is situated on the peninsular created by the Jordan River Dead Sea was one of the most surreal and memorable (significant as the location of the baptism of Jesus) meeting the experiences of my life. Sea of Galilee (where Jesus is said to have walked on water). Bryony at the Church of the Nativity Looking East across from the site, one sees the sweeping Golan Heights which border Israel and Jordan. From a certain point in Another weekend we the kibbutz where we stayed, it was possible to see territories of visited Bethlehem, a Israel, Jordan and Syria at the same time. Understandably a Palestinian city in the tense geographic region, the excavation provided the opportunity West Bank. As a territory of a lifetime for me to contextualise and understand the political so often in the media for struggles of Israel and her neighbours. both political and cultural reasons, I was pleasantly surprised to find it so calm and welcoming. Bethlehem seemed a world away from the busy streets and clubs of Tel Aviv; here one truly got a sense of the historic tales that attracted tourists from all over the world to visit. It was fascinating to see so many well-known religious locations, such as the official birthplace of Jesus in the Church of the Nativity, manger square and the Milk Grotto, bringing to life so many stories I was taught as a child and would recite every Christmas. It was also a great opportunity for me to practice my Sunrise over Tel Bet Yerah. Arabic with local shopkeepers, for which I was rewarded with the best falafel I have ever tasted! Upon arrival in Tel Aviv, it was difficult to imagine that we were about to excavate on some of the most revered soil in the world. Old Jaffa tower. Tel Aviv is known as Israel’s party capital; night-clubs, bars and restaurants line its lively streets while much of the “old city” is While I was only in the confined to the ancient port of Jaffa. However, swimming in the country for three weeks, I Mediterranean made a nice change from the bracing Cornish was able to learn and coast! We stayed in a hostel for several nights before the start of experience so much the excavation where we met other travellers; the majority were about the culture, politics young-adults from countries such as America on funded “birth- and religion of Israel, all right” trips aimed at discovering and connecting with their Jewish while excavating in a history, culture and religion. breath-taking location. Many people told me not to go on the trip, however, I was overwhelmed by the generosity and openness of the people I met. While it is important to remain vigilant, fear should not prevent travel to Israel and the Middle East, and I would highly recommend it.

Bryony Smerdon is studying Egyptian archaeology at UCL and her articles and pictures from the sunshine bring welcome colour and warmth to our February Newsletter. Ein Geddi Dead Sea. Truro Winter 12 February 2016: University of Plymouth at 7.00 Bypassing Indian Queens: The pm. 1990s excavations at Penhale Lectures 2016 Monday 1st February 2016. Round – Investigating Interpreting the Past: from prehistoric and Romano-British Thursday evening at to Tintagel. Win Settlement in Cornwall’s 7.30pm Truro Baptist Scutt, (Assistant Properties heartlands. Jacky Nowakowski, Manager (west), English Heritage. Church, Chapel Hill. Principal Archaeologist, CAU Truro. TR1 3BD Monday 7th March 2016 11 March 2016: Reading the 4 February 2016: A Hurlers: a Heritage Lottery Fund Roman Burials & Funerary remarkable Early Bronze Age project. Emma Stockley, Activity: Recent excavations in burial on Whitehorse Hill, Community Heritage Officer at Gloucestershire and London. Dartmoor. Andrew Jones, Dartmoor National Park Laurie Coleman. Cotswolds Principal Archaeologist, Cornwall Archaeology. Celebrating the Archaeological Unit Monday 4th April 2016 Medieval Tinworking Landscape of Craft and “Mystery” Discovering 3 March 2016: The Mary Dartmoor in its European the people behind York’s Rose: a 16th century Warship in – Mystery Plays. Nicola Rogers. a 21st century world. James Context Prehistory to th Rodliffe, Front of House Manager, 20 century. Archaeology in Devon Mary Rose Museum Tavistock, 6-11th May 2016 2016 16 April AGM:The Speaker The first international conference This will take place at County Hall, will be George Eustice MP. exploring the tinworking landscape of Exeter, on Saturday May 21st Minister of State DEFRA and MP Dartmoor in a European context, 10.am – 5.15 pm and will be for Camborne, Redruth and marks 25 years of the Dartmoor offering the usual wide range of Tinworking Research Group, and 10 Hayle. speakers. The booking form will be years of the UNESCO World Heritage sent out with the AGM papers, but See separate flyer for details of designation of the Cornwall and West the AGM meeting beforehand. Devon Mining Landscape. Twelve will be posted on the DAS web site The lecture should begin at lectures (including speakers from as soon as the programme is approximately 3.15. Czech Republic, France, Germany complete. Save the date now. and Iberia, as well as Britain), four evening events and three full days of Reminder: CAS subscriptions Liskeard Winter field trips, will make this a truly are renewed each January, memorable and important occasion unless you joined in the Lectures Friday for anyone interested in Dartmoor’s previous October. See the flyer evenings 7.30pm St.Martins history and archaeology. Delegates with this issue. Church Hall, Church Street, will receive a Conference Booklet and Liskeard. PL14 3AD a special medallion crafted in tin. Can You Help? All bookings by 30th April 2016. The We are looking for new Area 15 January 2016: Area full Conference Programme and Representatives and helpers to Representatives evening. details about booking are on the support ARs in the Monument DRTG website. www.drtg.org.uk "An introduction to Heritage at Watch Scheme. There is particular need for helpers in Risk" Ann Preston-Jones in PDAS Lectures the Penwith and Bodmin Moor "The Luxulyan Valley - past and Devonport Lecture Theatre, areas. Contact Peter Cornall the present" Roger Smith Portland Square Building, Area Representative convenor [email protected] CAS walks/events 2016 The Rock art survey workshop to rep, in the car park of Millennium be led by Andy Jones and Graeme House, Princess Rd, Pensilva, Liskeard, Members joining these walks must ensure Cornwall, PL14 5NF at 10am. From here that they are appropriately dressed and Kirkham has been postponed until we will walk out to the privately owned equipped for the terrain and the weather the winter. The exact dates and Tokenbury, an Iron Age round on the edge conditions likely to be encountered. You arrangements will be published in a of Bodmin Moor. Then we will get in our should assure yourself that you are later Newsletter and on the website. cars and go to Cadsonbury an Iron Age hillfort owned and managed by the physically able to meet any challenges rd National Trust. We will finish our day at St. which the walk may entail and should Sunday 3 April 10am-3pm Ive Church. The first walk is fairly flat and discuss with the walk leader, prior to the Tony Blackman Memorial Walk smooth, the second extremely steep with start of the walk, any circumstances or steps and mud and slip hazards when by Cornwall Outdoors: Garrow conditions which might be relevant. wet. Please bring a packed lunch, and Tor, led by Dave Attwell. Meet clothing suitable for the conditions The Society is concerned for your welfare, on the common by De Lank described and the weather on the day. but it is not responsible for it. Waterworks. (SX 132767) Sorry No Dogs. The walk will focus on recent Lanyon Quoit, Contd. Saturday February 13 2016 - The The antiquarian, William Cotton, published restoration to a number of historic features Royal Cornwall Museum hosts a a drawing and plan in 1827. on Garrow and Hawks Tor which form part “The covering stone, which is nearly flat, specially laid on range of activities of a Higher level Stewardship Agreement and of a triangular figure, measures 44 including seeing newly acquired gold for Ivey and Hawkstor Farm Partnership. feet in circumference, 18 feet 2 inches in Treasure and PAS displays, handling the Access has kindly been given by the its greatest length, and 9 feet in length, Rillaton Cup replica in the Hands on landowners and will include an opportunity and weighs 15 tons. This quoit, as it is usually called, was originally supported on History Hub, as well as seeing how it was to look in detail at the medieval farm made and might have been used, and four upright stones, describing an open settlement at Garrow as well as the area 7 feet in length, north and south… being shown behind the scenes in the Stripple Stone circle. Along the way we various stores and in particular the North will also discuss current management and The Cromleh now stands as firm as ever: Cliff archive of flint and stones. Lunch is the changes in the farming system over available in the Museum cafe afterwards. in putting it up, a piece was broken off the the past 50 years. From 11 to 1pm with Finds Liaison Officer top stone… It is supported on three Anna Tyacke and Collections Manager The terrain is generally level with steep upright stones, each 4 feet 10 inches in Sara Chambers. Numbers are restricted to climbs up the Tors, the ground will be wet height, the tops having been made level, 30 so please register your interest by and uneven. Approx 5 miles. Walking and their positions a little altered…. contacting boots and wet weather gear. Bring a The figures 1824, to mark the year when it [email protected] packed lunch, but tea, coffee and cake will was re-erected, have been rudely be provided at lunchtime. Sunday 20 March 2016 - inscribed on one of the supporting Lowland Point and Three Please book your place through Andy stones.” Barclay, [email protected] Brothers Grugwith near St Dr William Borlase, writing in the 1760s, Keverne on Sunday May 8th 2016 - Cornish claimed that the quoit is so high that a man on horseback can stand under it. His Peninsular. Charlie Johns (CAU) hosts Medieval Graffiti at Mylor a rich morning of archaeology in this plan has the upright supports differently Church - Andrew Macdonald of fascinating area replete with aligned than they are now. geomorphology, prehistoric hut circles, the Waveney Archaeology will give a

Bronze Age salt works at Trebarbeth and short introduction including recording and CONTACTS: medieval field systems all around Lowland photography before looking at the Secretary: Sophie Mayer,

Point. Meet 10am at Dean Point (take the magnificent graffiti and the church and [email protected]; signed road to the right as you face grounds. Meet 12 noon at Mylor Church - event ends at 4pm. Refreshments are Membership secretary: Konstanze Roskillys’ Ponds and follow it to where the Rahn tarmac ends and until the track finally runs available at Cafe Mylor next door. Please [email protected]; out (SW 801 202). register your interest for this event by contacting Newsletter and journal distribution: In the afternoon, Bart O’Farrell will guide [email protected] by 16 Adrian Rodda. us around the ‘Calendar’ site of the Three April. This is to ensure enough handouts [email protected] Our postal address is now: Cornwall Brothers Grugwith. Meet 2pm with car and recording sheets are provided. Archaeological Society, c/o Royal parking on the side road on the left th Cornwall Museum, River St, Truro, (marked to Penhallick) just before Zoar Sunday 15 May. The Cornwall TR1 2SJ. Please use when Garage on the St Keverne to Scheduled Monuments of St. contacting any of the officers. B3293 road (SW 7602 1907). Rough Ive - Tokenbury, Cadsonbury countryside walking! Website: and a couple of crosses. Meet www.cornisharchaeology.org.uk walk leader Iain Rowe, St Ive CAS area Facebook: Cornish Archaeology