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IRREGULARS from the COLONIAL FRONTIER to the NAVY SEALS 2 3 4 10 12 15 18 24 30 36 38 39 40 42 53 Message from Web from the Field Success Warrior “The “AMBUSH SPRING 2021 H Vol. 22 No. 1 AMERICAN BATTLEFIELD TRUST PRESERVE. EDUCATE. INSPIRE. I WWW.BATTLEFIELDS.ORG All-American IRREGULARS FROM THE COLONIAL FRONTIER TO THE NAVY SEALS 2 3 4 10 12 15 18 24 30 36 38 39 40 42 53 Message from Web From the Field Success Warrior “The “AMBUSH. “Civil War Page from Ancestry Profiles in Camp of Leading A Parting Headquarters Exclusives Trenches Reports Stories Legacy American Francis Marion Irregular the Past David Preservation Instruction the Shot Irregulars” and the Art of Operations” Duncan Charge by Dr. Matthew Guerilla Warfare” by Trust Staff Keagle by David Paul Reuwer and Douglas W. Bostick STAFF ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Steve Wyngarden Lee Bruch DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Noah Mehrkam CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER EVENTS FOR COLOR BEARERS Washington, D.C. Edgar Lugo Melissa Sadler HIEF INANCIAL FFICER Brigid Leavy Andy Poulton HALLOWED GROUND Lt. Gen. Richard Mills, USMC C F O DIRECTOR OF EVENTS Ruth Hudspeth INSTITUTIONAL GIVING MANAGER SENIOR VIDEO Kathy Robertson (Ret.) Bonnie Repasi ONTENT SSOCIATE A quarterly publication ENIOR INANCIAL DVISOR Clarissa Borges & C A DEPUTY DIRECTOR Leesburg, Virginia S F A PRINCIPAL EVENTS COORDINATOR MEMBERSHIP SENIOR ASSOCIATE Daniel Davis of the American John L. Nau, III^ Courtney Galuska OF LAND PRESERVATION Dawn Wisz FOR STEWARDSHIP EDUCATION MANAGER Battlefield Trust Houston, Texas HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER HISTORY AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS Catherine Noyes SENIOR ASSOCIATE Meaghan Hogan LIBERTY TRAIL POLICY AND COMMUNICATIONS Spring 2021, Stephan F. Newhouse Tanya Roberts Garry Adelman FOR DONATIONS ASHINGTON FFICE ANAGER SENIOR ASSOCIATE FOR LAND PRESERVATION PROGRAM DIRECTOR Jim Campi Vero Beach, Florida W O M CHIEF HISTORIAN Chris Lee Vol. 22, No. 1 PLANNED GIVING Tom Gilmore CHIEF POLICY AND Laura Verga Jon Mitchell SENIOR ASSOCIATE FOR Marshal Oldman Kristopher White HIEF AND OMMUNICATIONS FFICER XECUTIVE SSISTANT Anna Turcott C L GIS SPECIALIST C O EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Westlake Village, Calif. E A SENIOR EDUCATION MANAGER MEMBERSHIP AND DONATIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT PRESERVATION OFFICER Mary Koik Mary Koik J. Dennis Sexton TO THE PRESIDENT Matthew George Heather Groves Mary Stephens GRANTS MANAGER DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS St. Petersburg, Florida SENIOR MANAGER FOR SENIOR ASSOCIATE FOR EXECUTIVE EDITOR DIGITAL OPERATIONS Paul Coussan DEVELOPMENT Christina Gomez MEMBERSHIP AND DONATIONS Madhu Tadikonda Lawrence Swiader LAND STEWARDSHIP DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF 1156 15th Street, NW Jim Campi Rhinebeck, N.Y. Alice Mullis LAND PRESERVATION ASSOCIATE Tracey McIntire CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER GOVERNMENT RELATIONS Suite 900 DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ASSOCIATE AND CREATIVE DIRECTOR Charles E. Trefzger Wendy Woodford Colleen Cheslak Washington, DC 20005 Tom Moore HAGERSTOWN OFFICE MANAGER Hickory, North Carolina COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATE Phone: 800-298-7878 Jeff Griffith LEAD PHILANTHROPIC DESIGN LEAD Jonelle Deavers Robert Uhler Connor Townsend Max Hokit ASSISTANT EDITOR Niwot, Colorado ADVISOR SENIOR ASSOCIATE SENIOR MANAGER, STATE AND LOCAL RELATIONS 1140 Professional Court Courtenay Fain FOR MEMBERSHIP Colleen Cheslak William W. Vodra SSOCIATE Hagerstown, MD 21740 PRINCIPAL PHILANTHROPIC AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT A Alexandria, Virginia Laurel Gupton Phone: 301-665-1400 Christopher C. Welton ADVISOR BOARD of TRUSTEES ASSOCIATE OF DIGITAL CONTENT Fax: 301-665-1416 Thomas H. Lauer Atlanta, Georgia Amanda Murray Wellesley, Massachusetts Susan Whitaker SENIOR MANAGER FOR Chairman Franklin, Tennessee DIRECT MARKETING David N. Duncan Christopher Hackman Fairfax, Virginia * President Emeritus SENIOR DEVELOPMENT MANAGER President ^ Chairman Emeritus Robert C. Daum North Palm Beach, Florida ALUMNI BOARD Vice Chairman Harrison M. Bains Mary Abroe Don Barrett Wilmette, Illinois Cricket Bauer Travis K. Anderson Kirk J. Bradley^ Newton, New Jersey Paul Bryant^ Terry Beaty, Jr. Walter W. Buckley, Jr. Bethesda, Maryland Childs F. Burden John Campbell Carlton B. Crenshaw Scottsdale, Arizona Beverly M. DuBose John Culberson Bruce Gottwald Houston, Texas Michael Grainger^ Vince Dooley John D. Haynes Athens, Georgia Bill Hupp James Elrod Duke Ligon Riverside, Connecticut Libby O’Connell Richard Etzkorn Robert G. O’Donnell Denver, Colorado Jeff Rodek^ Thomas P. Hand Theodore Sedgwick^ Richmond Hill, Georgia Jeff Shaara Van Hipp, Jr. Georgetown, S.C. Kate Kelly Los Angeles, California O. James Lighthizer* Eldorado, Maryland Jeffrey P. McClanathan St. Petersburg, Florida THE AMERICAN BATTLEFIELD TRUST preserves our nation’s hallowed battlegrounds and educates the public about what happened there and why it matters today. We permanently protect these battlefields as a lasting and tangible memorial to the brave soldiers who fought in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. Thanks to the contributions of more than 300,000 members and supporters nationwide, we have preserved more than 53,000 acres, 143 sites in 24 states. For more information, call 1-888-606-1400 or visit our website at www.battlefields.org. Hallowed Ground is the membership magazine of the American Battlefield Trust. It is produced solely for nonprofit educational purposes and every reasonable attempt is made to provide accurate and appropriate attribution for all elements, including those in the public domain.Contemporary images are reproduced only with permission and appropriate attribution; uncredited images are courtesy the American Battlefield Trust. Feature articles reflect the research and opinion of the bylined author. ©2021 American Battlefield Trust. COVER: Fort Ticonderoga, N.Y., THIS PAGE: View of Fort Ticonderoga from Fort Defiance, both by BUDDY SECOR. www.battlefields.org 1-888-606-1400 Parker’s Ferry Battlefield MESSAGE from HEADQUARTERS Charleston County, S.C. LETTERS FROM OUR LEADERS CHRIS M. ROGERS battlefiONe THEl TRUSTds WEBSITE.org Learn about the French and IndianWar The Seven Years’ War was a global struggle between the French and British Empires. In the North American Theater, those colonial powers each allied themselves with Native populations on the expanding frontier. In many VISIT “AMERICA’S FORT” ways, the fighting that took place between 1754 and 1763 set the stage for In just 20 years, the fort overlooking Lake the Revolutionary War, as the British Empire levied taxes to offset the costs Champlain was held by French, British and incurred by the conflict. Learn about the people and places that laid the American forces. Whether you call it Caril- groundwork for a new American nation at www.battlefields.org/French- lion or Ticonderoga, learn about the many Indian-War. attractions ready to welcome visitors to this Adirondack paradise. www.battlefields.org/itineraries VEN THOUGH I have a personal goal of Abraham Lincoln told lawmakers, “We cannot escape history. IN THE FOOTSTEPS reading 10,000 pages annually, I seldom We will be remembered in spite of ourselves.” To me, that is why OF THE “SWAMP FOX” re-read books. As so many good histories you and I struggle and sacrifice to save every acre of hallowed Modern South Carolina has many more and biographies are being written every ground we can (22 years running of saving more than 1,000 visitor amenities than the Low Country year, re-reading a work only acres). Why we work so hard to post authoritative and unbi- swamps that harbored Francis Marion from puts me further behind ased new educational videos and articles online his British pursuers! There’s plenty more to on my ever-expanding “to (300+ added to our website in 2020). Why we are see in the Palmetto State than the Battery read” list; I suspect many pioneering the use of new technology to reach edu- and Charleston Harbor! of you have the same prob- cators through our Virtual Teacher Institute (2,000 www.battlefields.org/itineraries lem. But this year I made an exception, picking up educators estimated to attend this year). Jay Winik’s April 1865, which was first published 20 Knowing that we will be remembered for our years ago. When I read his book in 2001, I recall actions and our leadership, just as we remember VICTORY ROSTER being powerfully moved by Winik’s thesis that it those who came before us, we champion the pres- Have you ever wondered about the status of was the spirit of reconciliation, as expressed by ervation and knowledge of history — not just for its a past project announced by the Trust? Our the far-reaching leadership decisions made by key own sake, significant as that is. Far more important, gallery of recent victories shows you all the people in the North and South, that prevented we work to preserve our nation’s irreplaceable history preservation campaigns permanently moved America’s descent into generations of guerilla warfare, bloody and teach people why it matters today so that we, in to the “win” column — all anticipated grant sectionalism and ethnic hatreds that have marked so many of the our own time, can meaningfully contribute to the continuance of and funding sources have been received, world’s previous civil wars. I’m pleased to report that the inter- a nation that remains the last, best hope on Earth. and the Trust or a partner organization has vening two decades have not dimmed the power of that book’s The impulse to search the past for answers to today’s chal- taken ownership of a property or placed message. lenges is not a uniquely American endeavor, of course. This issue legally binding conservation easements on Historian Carol Berkin wrote in her book, A Brilliant of Hallowed Ground is about how some of the most elite units
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