DOCSLIB.ORG

THIN-FILM DEPOSITION USING LASER ABLATION: APPLICATION to FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY MATERIALS and METHODS for SPATIAL SHAPING of LASER BEAMS Doctoral Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THIN-FILM DEPOSITION USING LASER ABLATION: APPLICATION to FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY MATERIALS and METHODS for SPATIAL SHAPING of LASER BEAMS Doctoral Dissertation TKK Dissertations 38 Espoo 2006 THIN-FILM DEPOSITION USING LASER ABLATION: APPLICATION TO FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR SPATIAL SHAPING OF LASER BEAMS Doctoral Dissertation Antti Hakola Helsinki University of Technology Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems TKK Dissertations 38 Espoo 2006 THIN-FILM DEPOSITION USING LASER ABLATION: APPLICATION TO FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR SPATIAL SHAPING OF LASER BEAMS Doctoral Dissertation Antti Hakola Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics for public examination and debate in Auditorium F1 at Helsinki University of Technology (Espoo, Finland) on the 8th of September, 2006, at 12 noon. Helsinki University of Technology Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems Teknillinen korkeakoulu Teknillisen fysiikan ja matematiikan osasto Energiatieteet Distribution: Helsinki University of Technology Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems P.O.Box 4100 FI - 02015 TKK FINLAND URL: http://www.tkk.fi/Units/AES/ Tel. +358-9-451 3198 Fax. +358-9-451 3195 E-mail: [email protected] © 2006 Antti Hakola ISBN 951-22-8282-8 ISBN 951-22-8283-6 (PDF) ISSN 1795-2239 ISSN 1795-4584 (PDF) URL: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2006/isbn9512282836/ TKK-DISS-2161 Otamedia Oy Espoo 2006 HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Name of the dissertation Date of manuscript Date of the dissertation Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Department Laboratory Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor (Instructor) Abstract Keywords ISBN (printed) ISSN (printed) ISBN (pdf) ISSN (pdf) ISBN (others) Number of pages Publisher Print distribution The dissertation can be read at http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/ AB TEKNILLINEN KORKEAKOULU VÄITÖSKIRJAN TIIVISTELMÄ PL 1000, 02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Tekijä Antti Hakola Väitöskirjan nimi Thin-Film Deposition Using Laser Ablation: Application to Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Materials and Methods for Spatial Shaping of Laser Beams Käsikirjoituksen jättämispäivämäärä 13.3.2006 Väitöstilaisuuden ajankohta 8.9.2006 Monografia X Yhdistelmäväitöskirja (yhteenveto + erillisartikkelit) Osasto Teknillinen fysiikka ja matematiikka Laboratorio Energiatieteet Tutkimusala Ohutkalvojen kasvatus laserablaatiolla sekä lasersäteen muokkaus Vastaväittäjä(t) Professori Peter E. Dyer Työn valvoja Professori Rainer Salomaa (Työn ohjaaja) TkT Timo Kajava Tiivistelmä Ferromagneettiset muistimetalliyhdisteet, ennen kaikkea Ni-Mn-Ga-metalliseokset, ovat aktiivisesti tutkittuja materi- aaleja, koska ne pystyvät muuttamaan palautuvasti muotoaan jopa 10 % ulkoisessa magneettikentässä. Tämä mahdol- listaa uudentyyppisten toimilaitteiden ja anturien toteuttamisen. Tutkimus on tähän mennessä keskittynyt Ni-Mn-Ga:n bulkkiominaisuuksiin, mutta mikromekaanisten komponenttien tai jopa mikroskoopisten koneiden valmistamiseksi näistä materiaaleista olisi valmistettava ohutkalvoja. Laserablaatio on tehokas tapa kasvattaa hyvälaatuisia ohutkalvoja monikomponenttisista materiaaleista kuten Ni-Mn-Ga:sta. Laserablaatiossa käytetään suuritehoisia laserpulsseja siirtä- mään ainetta stoikiometrisesti kohtiolta kasvatusalustan pinnalle ohueksi kalvoksi. Väitöskirjassa kasvatettiin muuta- man sadan nanometrin paksuisia Ni-Mn-Ga-kalvoja eri alustoille kuten piille, NaCl:lle ja pienille Ni-Mn-Ga-paloille ja optimoitiin kasvatusparametrit kuten alustan lämpötila ja laserpulssien energiatiheys kohtiolla, jotta syntyvät kalvot olisivat ferromagneettisia, kiderakenteeltaan halutunlaisia ja pinnaltaan mahdollisimman tasaisia. Lisäksi kehitettiin menetelmiä kalvon ja alustan irrottamiseksi toisistaan, jotta havaittaisiin muistimetalli-ilmiön kannalta välttämätön faasimuutos matalissa lämpötiloissa. Erityisen lupaavia tuloksia saatiin NaCl-alustoja käyttämällä: magnetoituma oli lähes 70 % bulkkiarvosta, alustan poistaminen onnistui helposti etsaamalla sitä isotrooppisesti vedellä ja vapautetuissa kalvoissa havaittiin merkkejä faasimuutoksesta noin -100 °C:ssa. Myös piille kasvatetut kalvot olivat voimakkaan ferro- magneettisia, ja optimiparametreja käytettäessä pisararoiskeiden määrä kalvon pinnalla oli vähäinen. Tulokset osoitta- vat, että laserablaatio yhdistettynä kalvojen litografiseen kuviointiin on kilpailukykyinen teknologia ohutkalvopohjais- ten muistimetallirakenteiden valmistuksessa. Laserablaatiota varten lasersäteen intensiteettijakauman kohtiolla on oltava tasainen ja jyrkkäreunainen. Väitöskirjassa tämä toteutettiin diffraktiivisen optiikan avulla: periodiset diffraktiiviset elementit muuttivat käyttämämme eksimeeri- laserin säteen halutunlaiseksi jakaumaksi positiivisen linssin polttotasoon. Tämä uudenlainen tapa muokata lasersädettä pienentää merkittävästi laserablaatiolaitteistomme tehohäviöitä. Diffraktiivista optiikkaa käytettiin myös lähes hajaan- tumattomien, ns. Bessel-Gauss-säteiden tuottamiseen suoraan laserresonaattorissa. Lisäksi Bessel-tyyppisiä säteitä saa- tiin synnytettyä myös tietynlaisessa nestekiteessä tapahtuvan itseisfokusoitumisen seurauksena. Hajaantumattomat lasersäteet tarjoavat mahdollisuuden tarkkaan laserablaatioon sekä pienten rakenteiden kuvioimiseen ohutkalvoihin. Asiasanat laserablaatio, ferromagneettiset muotomuistimateriaalit, flat-top-jakauma, Bessel-Gauss-säde ISBN (painettu) 951-22-8282-8 ISSN (painettu) 1795-2239 ISBN (pdf) 951-22-8283-6 ISSN (pdf) 1795-4584 ISBN (muut) Sivumäärä 116 s. + liit. 27 s. Julkaisija Teknillinen korkeakoulu Painetun väitöskirjan jakelu Energiatieteet X Luettavissa verkossa osoitteessa http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2006/isbn9512282836 Preface The research summarized in this thesis has been carried out in the Advanced En- ergy Systems Laboratory at Helsinki University of Technology. The work has been made in close collaboration with the Optics and Molecular Materials Laboratory, the Laboratory of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, and the Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Helsinki University of Technology as well as with the Department of Physics of University of Joensuu. I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Rainer Salomaa, for providing me the possibility to work in the laboratory and continue experimental research work with lasers after I had completed my master’s thesis and had only a vague thought of obtaining a doctoral degree some day. Dr. Timo Kajava has been my instructor ever since I came to Miilu as a summer student in 1999. I warmly thank Timo for his guidance and support during all these years. I am particularly indebted to him for our long discussions which provided us with several interesting ideas and new directions into which we could proceed. I am also grateful to Professor Jari Turunen and Dr. Kari Ullakko for their con- tributions to this work: they are both men full of ideas that just wait for their re- alization. I acknowledge Professor Matti Kaivola for organizing me funding from the Graduate School of Modern Optics and Photonics for my doctoral studies and giving me the opportunity to use the experimental facilities in Micronova after the Optics and Molecular Materials Laboratory moved there in 2004. I also thank all my colleagues and friends with whom I have had the pleasure to work during the past six years: Scott Buchter, Henna Elfström, Oleg Heczko, Antti Jaakkola, Ville Kekkonen, Andriy Shevchenko, Outi Söderberg, and all the other people, present and former, working in Miilu and in Micronova. Furthermore, I express my grati- tude to all the members of the Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory, especially to Taina Kurki-Suonio, for the pleasant working atmosphere and the opportunity to be involved in teaching and course planning. Financial support from the Graduate School of Modern Optics and Photonics, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Vilho, Yrjö, and Kalle Väisälä Foundation, Tekniikan Edistämissäätiö, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, and Artturi and Aina Hele- nius Foundation of the Finnish Cultural Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, I acknowledge the support and encouragement that I have received from my parents and sisters. Espoo, March 2006 Antti Hakola v List of publications This thesis is a review of the author’s work on pulsed laser deposition of Ni–Mn– Ga thin films and laser-beam shaping. It consists of an overview and the following selection of the author’s publications in peer-reviewed journals: I. A. Hakola, O. Heczko, A. Jaakkola, T. Kajava, and K. Ullakko, ”Pulsed laser deposition of Ni–Mn–Ga thin films on silicon,” Applied Physics A 79, 1505– 1508 (2004). II. A. Hakola, O. Heczko, A. Jaakkola, T. Kajava, and K. Ullakko, ”Ni–Mn–Ga films on Si, GaAs, and Ni–Mn–Ga single crystals by pulsed laser deposition,” Applied Surface Science 238, 155–158 (2004). III. A. Hakola, O. Heczko, A. Jaatinen, V. Kekkonen, and T. Kajava, ”Substrate- free structures of iron-doped Ni–Mn–Ga thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Report TKK-F-A844 (2006), submitted to Journal of Physics, Conference Series (peer-reviewed, recommended for publication). IV. A. Hakola, T. Kajava, H. Elfström, J. Simonen, P. Pääkkönen, and J. Turunen, ”Diffractive shaping of excimer-laser beams for pulsed laser deposition,” Re- port TKK-F-A843 (2006), accepted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Next Generation High Temperature Superconducting Wires” A
    To be published in “Next Generation High Temperature Superconducting Wires” A. Goyal (Ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers PULSED LASER DEPOSITION OF YBa2Cu3O7-δ FOR COATED CONDUCTOR APPLICATIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND COST ISSUES Hans M. Christen Oak Ridge National Laboratory Solid-State Division Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6056 INTRODUCTION Amongst the numerous techniques currently being tested for the fabrication of coated conductors (i.e. high-temperature superconducting oxides deposited onto metallic tapes), pulsed laser deposition (PLD) plays a prominent role. Recent results from groups in the United States (e.g. Los Alamos National Laboratory), Europe (e.g. University of Göttingen), and Japan (e.g. Fujikura Ltd.) are most promising, yielding record numbers for Jc and Ic. As a method for depositing films of complex materials, such as the high-temperature superconductors (HTS) relevant to this chapter, PLD is well established and conceptually simple. Issues that have kept PLD from becoming a successful technique for devices and optical materials, namely particulate formation and thickness non-uniformities, are much less of a concern in the fabrication of HTS tapes. Nevertheless, the approach still presents ongoing challenges in the fundamental understanding of the laser-target interaction and growth from the resulting energetic plasma plume. Numerous issues related to the scale-up, control, reproducibility, and economic feasibility of PLD remain under investigation. It is clearly beyond the scope of this short chapter to give a complete treatise of such a complex subject – fortunately, several excellent reviews have already been published.1-3 It is thus the intent of the author to introduce PLD only briefly and with a strong focus on HTS deposition, summarizing the most important developments and referring the reader to the numerous cited works.
    [Show full text]
  • Femtosecond-Pulsed Laser Deposition of Erbium-Doped Glass Nanoparticles in Polymer Layers for Hybrid Optical Waveguide Amplifiers
    Femtosecond-Pulsed Laser Deposition of Erbium-Doped Glass Nanoparticles in Polymer Layers for Hybrid Optical Waveguide Amplifiers. Eric Kumi Barimah*1, Marcin W. Ziarko2, Nikolaos Bamiedakis2, Ian H. White2, Richard V. Penty2, Gin Jose1 School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Centre for Photonic Systems, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom *[email protected] Tellurium oxide (TeO2) based glasses are widely used in many applications such as fibre optic, waveguide devices and Raman gain, and are now being considered for use in optical waveguide amplifiers. These materials exhibit excellent transmission in the visible and near IR wavelength range (up to 2.0 µm), low phonon energy, and high rare-earth solubility [1-3]. Siloxane polymer materials on the other hand, have remarkable thermal, mechanical and optical properties and allow the fabrication of low-loss optical waveguides directly on printed circuit boards. In recent years, various low-cost optical backplanes have been demonstrated using this technology [4-7].However, all polymer optical circuits used in such applications are currently passive, requiring therefore amplification of the data signals in the electrical domain to extend the transmission distance beyond their attenuation limit. The combination of the TeO2 and siloxane technologies can enable the formation of low-cost optical waveguide amplifiers that can be deployed in board-level communications. However, there are significant technical challenges associated with the integration of these two dissimilar materials mainly due to the difference in their thermal expansion coefficients. In this paper therefore, we propose a new approach for incorporating erbium (Er3+)-doped tellurium- oxide glass nanoparticles into siloxane polymer thin films using femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fs-PLD).
    [Show full text]
  • Low Temperature Laser-Induced Selective Area Growth of Compound Semiconductor
    LOW TEMPERATURE LASER-INDUCED SELECTIVE AREA GROWTH OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR SUDARSAN UPPILI B.Sc, Madurai University, 1981 B.E, Indian Institute of Science, 1984 A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science April, 1990 The dissertation "Low temperature laser-induced selective area growth of compound semiconductorsN by SUDARSAN UPPILI has been examined and approved by the following Examination Committee: Raj Solanki, Thesis Advisor ' Professor I William E. Wood, Thesis Advisor Professor -- - 1, Robert M. Drosd Adjunct Professor - - Kck H. Dedetian Professor I dedicate this dissertation to my father iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am most grateful to my advisors, Professors Raj Solanki and William E. Wood for encouraging me to undertake this research. Professor Solanki equipped me initially with a delight for laser chemical processing, then guided my research from start to finish. I owe to him a debt of gratitude much greater than I have paid. My appreciation goes to Professor Wood for allowing me to work on an inter-departmental project with Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering department. I enjoyed the discussions with Dr. Robert Drosd during the course of the work. 1 thank Professors Raj Solanki, William Wood, Jack Devletian, and Dr. Robert Drosd for serving on my examination committee. I appreciate very much the invaluble co-operation I recieved from Nyles Cody and Taner Dosloglou. I thank Devanathan, Parthasarathy, Rajesh Digde, Vivek Dikshit, and Ajay Chadda for their assistance during compiling of this dissertation. My special thanks goes to Devanathan for keeping a constant watch on my lunch time.
    [Show full text]
  • MASS SPECTROMETRY by Michal Kliman Dissertation Submi
    ADVANCED STRUCTURAL AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS USING ION MOBILITY – MASS SPECTROMETRY By Michal Kliman Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Chemistry August, 2011 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor John A. McLean Professor Terry P. Lybrand Professor H. Alex Brown Professor Christopher J. Janetopoulos Dedicated to Viera, my loving wife, my companion and best friend, our loves Peter, Agatha and Esther, Dad Cyril, Mom Marianna, Sister Mariana, and the Brothers and Sisters in Faith. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first thank my advisor, Dr. John A. McLean, for unwavering encouragement, superb advice and for exemplifying and leading in the art of telling a good story. I was fortunate to join Dr. McLean’s laboratory when it first formed, and helped to set up and christen by work the first instruments and optics with and alongside great coworkers Larissa Fenn, Whitney Ridenour, Randi Gant-Branum, Sophie Zhao, Josh Kerr, Sevugarajan Sundarapandian, Ablatt Mahsut, Jeff Enders, Cody Goodwin, Jody May, Jay Forsythe, Seth Byers, Kelly Hines, and Alyssa Granger. I have since witnessed the growth and success of this group, and savored every fruitful conversation and collaboration within and without the laboratory. My academic journey was greatly enriched through training with Eric Dawson, Jarrod Smith, and Jonathan Sheehan, through collaborative work with Niranjana Vijayakrishnan, Dr. Kendal Broadie, Gus Wright, Libin Xu, Keri Tallman, Dr. Ned Porter, Dr. David Hercules, Dr. Zeljka Korade, and Dr. Brian Bachmann. Colleagues from outside of Vanderbilt campus, including Misha Ugarov, Tom Egan, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Resonant Infrared Pulsed-Laser Deposition Of
    RAPID COMMUNICATIONS This section is reserved for short submissions which contain important new results and are intended for accelerated publication. Resonant infrared pulsed-laser deposition of polymer films using a free-electron laser Daniel M. Bubb,a) J. S. Horwitz, J. H. Callahan, R. A. McGill, E. J. Houser, and D. B. Chrisey Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 M. R. Papantonakis and R. F. Haglund, Jr. Department of Physics and Astronomy and W. M. Keck Foundation Free-Electron Laser Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 M. C. Galicia and A. Vertes Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20001 ͑Received 12 March 2001; accepted 29 May 2001͒ Thin films of polyethylene glycol ͑MW 1500͒ have been prepared by pulsed-laser deposition ͑PLD͒ using both a tunable infrared ͑␭ϭ2.9 ␮m, 3.4 ␮m͒ and an ultraviolet laser ͑␭ϭ193 nm͒.A comparison of the physicochemical properties of the films by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization shows that when the IR laser is tuned to a resonant absorption in the polymer, the IR PLD thin films are identical to the starting material, whereas the UV PLD show significant structural modification. These results are important for several biomedical applications of organic and polymeric thin films. © 2001 American Vacuum Society. ͓DOI: 10.1116/1.1387052͔ I. INTRODUCTION physical characteristics of the bulk PEG material, whereas Polyethylene glycol ͑PEG͒ is a technologically important the UV PLD deposited PEG materials do not. In addition, the polymer with many biomedical applications.1 Examples in- results also show clearly that the mechanism of IR PLD is clude tissue engineering,2 spatial patterning of cells,3,4 drug fundamentally different than UV PLD.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of Spie
    PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie Dynamic coherent beam combining based on a setup of microlens arrays Prossotowicz, Maike, Heimes, Andreas, Flamm, Daniel, Jansen, Florian, Otto, Hans-Jürgen, et al. Maike Prossotowicz, Andreas Heimes, Daniel Flamm, Florian Jansen, Hans- Jürgen Otto, Aleksander Budnicki, Uwe Morgner, Alexander Killi, "Dynamic coherent beam combining based on a setup of microlens arrays," Proc. SPIE 11266, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXII, 1126612 (2 March 2020); doi: 10.1117/12.2547303 Event: SPIE LASE, 2020, San Francisco, California, United States Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 08 Dec 2020 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use Dynamic coherent beam combining based on a setup of microlens arrays Maike Prossotowicz,a Andreas Heimes,b Daniel Flamm,b Florian Jansen,a Hans-J¨urgenOtto,a Aleksander Budnicki,a Uwe Morgnerc and Alexander Killia aTRUMPF Laser GmbH, Aichhalder Str. 39, 78713 Schramberg, Germany bTRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH, Johann-Maus-Str. 2, 71254 Ditzingen, Germany cInstitut f¨urQuantenoptik, Leibniz-Universit¨atHannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany ABSTRACT A novel optical concept is introduced with standard components for highly efficient coherent beam combining a system of (N × N) beams. In a proof-of-principle experiment a well-defined setup with microlens arrays (MLAs) is used to create a beam matrix of 5 × 5 beams. For the combination step the same setup is employed, and the created 25 beams are combined. A combination efficiency above 90 % is achieved. Furthermore, the concept allows for dynamic beam combination, i.e., the resulting number of beams and corresponding positions can be controlled by the absolute phases of the array of input beams.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Synthesis and Characterization of Linio2 Targets
    Superficies y vacío ISSN: 1665-3521 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales A.C. México López-Iturbe, J.; Camacho-López, M. A.; Escobar-Alarcón, L.; Camps, E. Synthesis and characterization of LiNiO2 targets for thin film deposition by pulsed laser ablation Superficies y vacío, vol. 18, núm. 4, diciembre, 2005, pp. 27-30 Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales A.C. Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94218407 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Superficies y Vacío 18(4), 27-30, diciembre de 2005 ©Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales Synthesis and characterization of LiNiO2 targets for thin film deposition by pulsed laser ablation J. López-Iturbe Posgrado en Ciencia de Materiales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México M.A. Camacho-López Facultad de Química-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Paseo Colón y Tollocan, C.P. 50130, Toluca, México L. Escobar-Alarcón, E. Camps Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleare Apartado Postal 18-1027, México DF 11801, México (Recibido: 26 de septiembre de 2005; Aceptado: 31 de octubre de 2005) In order to deposit LiNiO2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), a LiNiO2 target was prepared by a solid-state reaction from NiO and Li2O. The effect of the Li2O wt.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase Formation of Manganese Oxide Thin Films Using Pulsed Laser Deposition† Cite This: Mater
    Materials Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition† Cite this: Mater. Adv.,2021, 2,303 Lauren M. Garten, *‡ Praneetha Selvarasu, § John Perkins,¶ David Ginley and Andriy Zakutayev * Manganese oxides have enabled a wide range of technologies including oxygen evolution catalysts, lithium ion batteries, and thermochemical water splitting. However, the variable oxidation state and rich polymorphism of manganese oxides make it difficult to find the processing conditions to target a particular phase of manganese oxide. Targeted synthesis requires a more complete understanding of the phase space and the impact of multiple processing variables on phase formation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of substrate temperature, total deposition pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and target composition on the phase formation of manganese oxides grown using combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Thin films were deposited from a MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 target onto amorphous glass Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. substrates with a continuously varied temperature provided by a combinatorial heater. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the phases present in the samples. The oxygen partial pressure was found to be the critical factor determining phase formation, while the total pressure, target composition, and substrate temperature have smaller and more complex effects on phase formation. Received 15th June 2020, Comparing the results of this work to the published temperature–pressure phase diagrams shows that Accepted 20th October 2020 the PLD thin films vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of either the bulk materials DOI: 10.1039/d0ma00417k or nanoparticles.
    [Show full text]
  • By Pulsed Laser Deposition
    Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School Spring 2020 Morphology and Structure of Pb Thin Films Grown On Si (111) by Pulsed Laser Deposition Bektur Abdisatarov Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the Engineering Science and Materials Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Semiconductor and Optical Materials Commons Recommended Citation Abdisatarov, Bektur, "Morphology and Structure of Pb Thin Films Grown On Si (111) by Pulsed Laser Deposition" (2020). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 3178. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3178 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF PB THIN FILMS GROWN ON SI (111) BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION A Thesis Presented to The Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Bektur Abdisatarov May 2020 Digitally signed by Cheryl D Davis Cheryl D Davis Date: 2020.05.12 08:54:22 -05'00' It would be an honor to dedicate this thesis to my family and friends. I have a unique feeling of gratitude and appreciation for my loving mother, Raikhan, for her encouragement and inspiring words that have motivated me to become a master of science. My sisters Aizat and Aiperi and my brother Bekzat gave me faith, and they were my source of strength when I was weak.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Beam Shaping Applications Laser Beam Shaping in Array-Type Laser Printing Systems
    This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 28 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Laser Beam Shaping Applications Fred M. Dickey, Todd E. Lizotte Laser Beam Shaping in Array-Type Laser Printing Systems Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315371306-4 Andrew F. Kurtz, Daniel D. Haas, Nissim Pilossof Published online on: 01 Mar 2017 How to cite :- Andrew F. Kurtz, Daniel D. Haas, Nissim Pilossof. 01 Mar 2017, Laser Beam Shaping in Array-Type Laser Printing Systems from: Laser Beam Shaping Applications CRC Press Accessed on: 28 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315371306-4 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Laser Beam Shaping 3 in Array-Type Laser Printing Systems Andrew F. Kurtz, Daniel D.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in Transmission Geometry
    Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1891-1895 Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in Transmission Geometry Marsha C. Galicia,² Akos Vertes,² and John H. Callahan*,³ Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, and Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6115, Washington, D.C. 20375 In both atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser de- sorption/ionization (AP MALDI) and vacuum MALDI, the laser typically illuminates the analyte on the front side of an opaque surface (reflection geometry). Another config- uration consisting of laser illumination through the sample backside (transmission geometry) has been used in conventional MALDI; however, its use and the number of reports in the literature are limited. The viability of transmission geometry with AP MALDI is demonstrated here. Such a geometry is simple to implement, eliminates the restriction for a metallic sample holder, and allows for the potential analysis of samples on their native transparent surfaces, e.g., cells or tissue sections on slides. With the widespread application of matrix-assisted laser de- sorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for high-volume biomedical analysis, there is strong motivation to increase the throughput of the method. While large-capacity sample holders go a long way to speed up the analysis, the need to evacuate the sample presents a significant impediment. Atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI promises to eliminate the need for this step.1,2 Various implementations of AP MALDI have proved the feasibility of this approach in combination with both time-of-flight (TOF)1,2 Figure 1. and ion trap (IT)3,4 mass analyzers.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Patras
    University of Patras • Physics Department Prof. S. Couris, Th. Efthimiopoulos Group Prof. A.T. Georges Group • Materials Science Department Prof. N. Vainos, M. Sigalas ( Phasma Group) Prof. S. Couris (also at FORTH/ICE-HT) Th. Efthimiopoulos Group •Nonlinear Optics •Characterization and fundamental studies of the NLO response of Photonic materials •Molecular Electronics •Laser Spectroscopy •Molecules in strong fields •Plasma Diagnostics •Laser produced plasmas for analytical applications for environmental applications and monitoring of industrial metallurgical processes (LIBS) •Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) • Laser Diagnostics in Combustion •Physics and Spectroscopy of Electrical Discharges •Applications of Lasers Contact : [email protected] Prof. A.T. Georges Group • Nonlinear Optics • Free Electron Lasers • Resonant Multiphoton Processes in Atoms • Stochastic Laser Fluctuations • Laser-Metal Surface Interaction Contact : [email protected] PHASMA PHotonic Applications, Structures & MAterials Group Group Members Prof N. A . Vainos Prof M. Sigalas Dr. D. Alexandropoulos Dr. V. Karoutsos Mr. M. Vasileiadis Mr. L. Athanasekos Contact : [email protected] Mr. N. Aspiotis [email protected] Ms. P. Orfanou I. Applications III. Advanced Photonic Structures .Optical sensors (remote sensing) .Micro-ring structures and CROWs .Optical photonic circuits .Vertical Cavities .Optical communications .Diffractive optics and Holography .Solar Cells .Photonic and phononic crystals .Plasmonic cavities II. Materials and Fabrication
    [Show full text]