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John Spencer and the Perils of Sacred Philology*
JOHN SPENCER AND THE PERILS OF SACRED PHILOLOGY* In 1650 the Bible’s status as infallible revelation — unique guide to salvation and universal history of mankind’s origins — Downloaded from appeared secure to most educated Europeans. True, more than a century of confessional struggle and theological debate had exposed scripture to unprecedented scrutiny and proliferating interpretations. Yet, amid the wrangling, scarcely any author questioned its divine authorship or historical reliability. Mean- http://past.oxfordjournals.org/ while, biblical scholars were at work shoring up the foundations of scriptural authority with the tools of Renaissance philology. But appearances were deceptive. The following decades witnessed scandalous publications by Thomas Hobbes, Isaac La Peyre`re and Baruch Spinoza, which openly challenged established as- sumptions about the Bible, setting the stage for Enlightenment polemicists such as John Toland and Voltaire. Historical scholar- ship was a major arena for these debates, with orthodoxy chal- at University of California, Davis on January 7, 2014 lenged, not only by evidence extending the age of the world beyond the confines of biblical chronology, but also by arguments displacing the Hebrew nation from its privileged historical role. Enlightenment critics of Judaeo-Christian revelation, from Toland at the beginning of the eighteenth century to Friedrich Schiller at the end, turned sacred history on its head by arguing that, long before the Jews, the ancient Egyptians possessed a monotheistic religion, which -
A FRONTIER UNDER FIRE the Mere Passage of Alexander and His Army
PART THREE A FRONTIER UNDER FIRE Alexander and the 'Barbarian' Resistance The mere passage of Alexander and his army across Bactria and Sog diana did not mark a turning point in the history of Central Asia. While it was not an everyday occurrence for the population of this region to evade a large Graeco-Macedonian army in its midst, the scattering of people from field to fortress did not signal a permanent break in their ancestral ways of life. They no doubt planned to return in time to fields and flocks, to renew old crops and irrigation canals, to revive the patterns of trade and travel between the cities, towns, and villages of this still Persian satrapy. The situation in the summer of 329 B.C. was thus highly charged, but not radically changed by the march of Darius' avenger. In the struggle between Alexander and Bessus for Darius' throne, we have seen that the Bactrians all but crowned the foreigner. There was no passion for the cause of Bessus, much less a nationalistic uprising. One by one, the principal nobles of Central Asia had abandoned the 'usurper' and made their peace with King Alexander; they then were rewarded and allowed to return to their various homes. 1 The Bactrians once serving under arms with Bessus had already gone back to their native towns and cities. 2 There was a Persian, old Artabazus, in place as Alexander's new satrap at Bactra. 3 The only scars upon the land had been made by the torches of Bessus, not of Alexander. -
Manchu Grammar (Gorelova).Pdf
HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 1 MANCHU GRAMMAR HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 2 HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION EIGHT CENTRAL ASIA edited by LILIYA M. GORELOVA VOLUME SEVEN MANCHU GRAMMAR HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 3 MANCHU GRAMMAR EDITED BY LILIYA M. GORELOVA BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KÖLN 2002 HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 4 This book is printed on acid-free paper Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Gorelova, Liliya M.: Manchu Grammar / ed. by Liliya M. Gorelova. – Leiden ; Boston ; Köln : Brill, 2002 (Handbook of oriental studies : Sect.. 8, Central Asia ; 7) ISBN 90–04–12307–5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gorelova, Liliya M. Manchu grammar / Liliya M. Gorelova p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section eight. Central Asia ; vol.7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004123075 (alk. paper) 1. Manchu language—Grammar. I. Gorelova, Liliya M. II. Handbuch der Orientalis tik. Achte Abteilung, Handbook of Uralic studies ; vol.7 PL473 .M36 2002 494’.1—dc21 2001022205 ISSN 0169-8524 ISBN 90 04 12307 5 © Copyright 2002 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by E.J. Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. -
The 200-Years Crisis in Relation Between Parhae and Silla
Vol. 2, No. 1 Asian Culture and History Ritual and Diplomacy: The 200-Years Crisis in Relation between Parhae and Silla Alexander A. Kim Faculty of history, Ussuriysk State Pedagogic institute 692000, Russian Federation, t. Ussuriysk, Nekrasova St. 35, Russia Tel: 7-4234-346787 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The state of Parhae (in Chinese reading- Bohai) existed in what is now Russian Maritime region, North Korea and Northeastern China from the late 7th to the early 10th centuries AD. Parhae played a major role at relations between Silla, Japan and Chinese empire Tang. Of course, Parhae was subjected to important cultural influence from other countries and in some cases followed their ritual and diplomatic tradition. Many specialists from Japan, Russia, China and both Korean states have done research of different aspects of Parhae history and culture. However, many scholars have not paid attention to influence of ritual system at international relation of Parhae. In opinion of author, Parhae and Silla had antagonistic relation during 200 years because they could not agree about their respective vis-à-vis status each other. For example, Silla did not want to recognize Parhae as a sovereign state, which by recognized and independence state from China, but Silla was vassal of empire Tang. This article critically analyzes relation between Parhae and Silla for of the origin of conflict of between countries using Russian and Korean materials (materials by South and North Korean works). Keywords: History, Parhae (Bohai), Silla, Korea, Khitan 1. Situation before establishment of Bohai state and earliest periods of Bohai and Silla relations Parhae (in Chinese and Russian readings – Bohai, in Japanese reading- Bokkai) can be seen as a first state which existed in what is now Russian Far East, and this alone makes Parhae historically important. -
The Sui Dynasty and the Western Regions
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 247 April, 2014 The Sui Dynasty and the Western Regions by Yu Taishan Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Revisiting Jan Assmann's Reading of the Early Modern Reception of Moses
Aegyptiaca. Journal of the History of Reception of Ancient Egypt ! “The Wisdom of the Egyptians”: Revisiting Jan Assmann’s Reading of the Early Modern Reception of Moses Mordechai Feingold Moses the Egyptian was published nearly twenty-five years ago, to deservedly wide acclaim. It offered a compelling theory concerning a profound cultural trauma and its subsequent mutable memory, traversing between two momentous poles: the Amarna/Exodus story at one end, and the Holocaust at the other. The former had engendered what Jan Assmann terms the “Mosaic distinction”; the latter encompassed the horrible consequence of its dissolution three and a half millennia later. In between, Assmann identified two outbursts of Egyptophilia— the extended Renaissance era and Napoleon’s Egypt expedition—both of which flanked a period of intense scholarly activity that threw a dose of Egyptophobia into the mix. To facilitate his investigation, Assmann availed himself of a new approach to the study of the past: mnemohistory. Whereas a more traditional historical approach, he explained, aims to investigate “the past as such”, recapturing past events as they truly were, mnemohistory is concerned with “the past as it was remembered”, seeking to tease out “the mythical elements in tradition and discovering their hidden agenda”. This approach is further informed by the conviction that any given present “is ‘haunted’ by the past, and that the past is modelled, invented, reinvented, and reconstructed by the present”. As Assmann amplified elsewhere, he considers the past to be “a social construction whose nature arises out of the needs and frames of reference of each particular present. -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
Chapter 6 Tang and Korea: Expansion and Withdrawal While the Turks, as the dominant contemporary nomad power in Mongolia, were inescapably a major concern in Chinese foreign relations until the mid-eighth century, Chinese rulers from Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty to Gaozong of the Tang dynasty were also obsessed with the con quest of Koguryo. They launched massive and costly military expeditions against Koguryo on a scale unprecedented in previous Sino-Korean rela tions. The wars with Koguryo are a prime example of the use of aggres sive force as an instrument of Chinese foreign policy. Although ultimately successful tmder Tang Gaozong in the sense that Koguryo was destroyed, the wars were of questionable long-term benefit to China and instead in advertently contributed to the rise of a unified Korean state which deferred to but was essentially independent of China. As previous scholars have shown, there were pragmatic as well as ideological reasons for the continued interest of the early Tang rulers in Korea. Pulleyblank holds that the presence of strong separatist sentiments in the Hebei region made the Tang court at Chang’an feel threatened by the possibility of close relations between Hebei and its neighbor, Kogu- ryo.^ Somers considers Tang Taizong’s campaigns into the border regions of the Northeast as a necessary step for the extension of imperial rule into the North China Plain and as an important coercive measure for the full consolidation of dynastic power.^ Wechsler concludes that Tang feared that Koguryo would unify the whole Korean peninsula, and so it wanted to keep Korea divided and prevent its alliance with other non-Chinese in eastern Manchuria and in Japan. -
HISTORY of the MIDDLE EAST a Research Project of Fairleigh Dickinson University By
HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST a Research Project of Fairleigh Dickinson University by Amanuel Ajawin Amer Al-Hajri Waleed Al-Saiyani Hamad Al-Zaabi Baya Bensmail Clotilde Ferry Feridun Kul Gabriela Garcia Zina Ibrahem Lorena Giminez Jose Manuel Mendoza-Nasser Abdelghani Merabet Alice Mungwa Isabelle Rakotoarivelo Seddiq Rasuli Antonio Nico Sabas Coumba Santana Ashley Toth Fabrizio Trezza Sharif Ahmad Waheedi Mohammad Fahim Yarzai Mohammad Younus Zaidullah Zaid Editor: Ahmad Kamal Published by: Fairleigh Dickinson University 1000 River Road Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA January 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4507-9087-1 The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors alone, and should not be taken as necessarily reflecting the views of Fairleigh Dickinson University, or of any other institution or entity. © All rights reserved by the authors No part of the material in this book may be reproduced without due attribution to its specific author. THE AUTHORS Amanuel Ajawin, a Diplomat from Sudan Amer Al-Hajri, a Diplomat from Oman Waleed Al-Saiyani, a Graduate Student from Yemen Hamad Al-Zaabi, a Diplomat from the UAE Baya Bensmail, a Diplomat from Algeria Clotilde Ferry, a Graduate Student from Monaco Ahmad Kamal, a Senior Fellow at the United Nations Feridun Kul, a Graduate Student from Afghanistan Gabriela Garcia, a Diplomat from Ecuador Lorena Giminez, a Diplomat from Venezuela Zina Ibrahem, a Civil Servant from Iraq Jose Manuel Mendoza, a Graduate Student from Honduras Abdelghani Merabet, a Graduate Student from Algeria Alice Mungwa, a Graduate Student -
Sogdiana During the Hellenistic Period by Gurtej Jassar B.Sc, Th
Hellas Eschate The Interactions of Greek and non-Greek Populations in Bactria- Sogdiana during the Hellenistic Period by Gurtej Jassar B.Sc, The University of British Columbia, 1992 B.A.(Hon.), The University of British Columbia, 1995 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Classical, Near Eastern, and Religious Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1997 ©Gurtej Jassar, 1997 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of OA,S5J The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) II ABSTRACT This study deals with the syncretism between Greek and non-Greek peoples as evidenced by their architectural, artistic, literary and epigraphic remains. The sites under investigation were in the eastern part of the Greek world, particularly Ai Khanoum, Takht-i-Sangin, Dilberdjin, and Kandahar. The reason behind syncretism was discussed in the introduction, which included the persistence of the ancient traditions in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Bactria even after being conquered by the Greeks. -
THE CREATION of MANZU IDE M RY and the SHAMAMC
PIAO HAN: THE CREATION OF MANZU IDEmRY AND THE SHAMAMC TRADITION tome Todd Holyoak A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Antiiropology University of Toronto O Copyright by Lome Todd Holyoak (2000) National LÏbfafy Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliograp hic Services services bibliographiques 395 Weflingtm Street 395. rue Weilingtm OttawaON KlAûN4 OüawaON K1AW canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive Licence allcwing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seii reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retaùis ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent êîre imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Piao Han: The Creation of Manzu Identity and the Shamanic Tradition, Doctor of Philosophy, 2000, Lome Todd Holyoak. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto. Abstract The Guan are a Manzu clan living in the village of Yi Lan Gang, Heilongjiang province. People's Republic of China. Research was undenaken in China from 1995 to 1997. -
Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia
SIBERIAN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA Volume 45, No. 2, 2017 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2017.45.2 Published in Russian and English CONTENTS PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE 3 O.V. Yanshina, S.Y. Lev, and P.E. Belousov. “Ceramics” from the Zaraysk Upper Paleolithic Site 16 A.F. Shorin. Koksharovsky Kholm and Chertova Gora, Two Neolithic Sanctuaries in the Ural and in Western Siberia: Similarities and Differences 26 A.Y. Tarasov. Technical and Morphological Model of Chalcolithic Chopping Tools of the Russian-Karelian Type from Karelia and the Upper Volga Region 35 L.R. Bikmulina, A.S. Yakimov, V.S. Mosin, and А.I. Bazhenov. Geochemical Soil Analysis and Environmental Reconstructions at the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Settlement Kochegarovo-1 in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Western Siberia THE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD 45 E.N. Chernykh, O.N. Korochkova, and L.B. Orlovskaya. Issues in the Calendar Chronology of the Seima-Turbino Transcultural Phenomenon 56 E.V. Goldina. Beads in the Finno-Ugric Women’s Costume: The Evidence of Tarasovo Cemetery on the Middle Kama (0–500 AD) 62 I.V. Zhurbin and A.N. Fedorina. Comprehensive Geophysical Studies at the Suzdal Opolye Settlements 71 T.B. Nikitina, K.A. Rudenko, and S.Y. Alibekov. Metal Bowls from a Medieval Cemetery at Rusenikha 78 V.V. Bobrov and L.Y. Bobrova. Newly Discovered Bronze Artifacts of the Scythian Period from Archekas Mountain, Kuznetsk Alatau 87 A.A. Tishkin and Y.V. Frolov. Bronze Age Axes from the Forest-Steppe Altai 97 E.A.