Forests in a Changing Climate: a Sourcebook for Integrating REDD+ Into Academic Programmes
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UN-REDD PROGRAMME The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in Developing Countries. Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Forests in a Changing Climate: A Sourcebook for Integrating REDD+ into Academic Programmes Forests have long been regarded as critical ecosystems for their importance in terms of biodiversity and benefits for local communities. Recently a focus on forests and their role in mitigating climate change has led to the development of the REDD+ mechanism: ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks’. A rational development paradigm seeks to build and maintain natural capital, and aims to transition to the sustainable management of forests. REDD+ can identify strategic options for improved land-use and better forest management, and transform the current development paradigm, drawing on science based evidence and technical advice. Consequently there is a demonstrated need for increased knowledge and expertise on all aspects of REDD+ including sustainable land management in forests and forest-related ecosystems. ‘Forests in a Changing Climate: Sourcebook for REDD+’ is designed to give an overview of the key topics related to forests and climate change, under the overarching and evolving REDD+ narrative. The purpose is to facilitate the integration of this new knowledge domain into multi-disciplinary University programmes. The sourcebook provides case studies and detailed references in each module, and can be used comprehensively or selectively in the design and delivery of academic programmes related to REDD+. Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2014 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. This publication should be referenced as follows: UNEP (2014) Forests in a Changing Climate: A Sourcebook for Integrating REDD+ into Academic Programmes, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya Design/layout/printing Picture Editor: Suzannah Goss Design and Layout: Jennifer Odallo/UNON Cover Design: Catherine Kimeu/UNON Printing: UNON Publishing Services Section – ISO 14001:2004-certified Cover photos ©: (Above) Primary forest in Gede Pangrango, Indonesia – Ricky Martin/CIFOR (Below left) Eastern gorilla, Congo Basin – Douglas Sheil/CIFOR, (Below, right) Intensive logging activities, Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Borneo – Frans Lanting/ GETTY IMAGES Back cover ©: Students learning in a forest setting – Storm Stanley ISBN number: 978-92-807-3392-1 Job number: DEP/1807/NA UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This report is printed on paper from sustainable forests including recycled fibre. The paper is chlorine free, and the inks vegetable-based. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint FORESTS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A Sourcebook for Integrating REDD+ into Academic Programmes UN-REDD PROGRAMME The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in Developing Countries. Empowered lives. Resilient nations. F O R E S T S I N A C H A N G I N G C L I M A T E i UNEP / UN-REDD+ PROJECT TEAM Katherine Lofts, Associate Fellow Mahesh Pradhan, Chief Centre for International Sustainable Development Law Environmental Education and Training Unit, UNEP Lucía Ruiz Bustos, MEM Graduate Tim Christophersen, Senior Programme Officer Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Forests and Climate Change, UNEP – UN-REDD Programme Max Tattenbach, MEM Candidate Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Pablo Fuentenebro, Associate Programme Officer Environmental Education and Training Unit, UNEP REVIEWERS Julie Greenwalt, Programme Analyst UNEP UNEP – UN-REDD Programme Tim Christophersen Julie Greenwalt John Erik Prydz, Programme Officer Niklas Hagelberg UNEP – UN-REDD Programme John Erik Prydz Thomas Enters Suzannah Goss, Programme Officer, Gabriel Labbate UNEP – UN-REDD Programme UN-REDD Secretariat Jaime Webbe, Consultant, Wahida Patwa-Shah UNEP – UN-REDD Programme UNEP FI YALE UNIVERSITY PROJECT TEAM Iain Henderson Benjamin Cashore, Professor of Environmental Governance & Political Science UNEP-WCMC Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Lera Miles Blaise Bodin Sébastien Jodoin, PhD Candidate Lucy Goodman Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies FAO LEAD AUTHORS Adam Gerrand Kristofer Covey, PhD Candidate Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies UNDP Kimberly Todd Sébastien Jodoin, PhD Candidate Gaya Sriskantan Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Claudia von Segesser-Zarate Silje Haugland Namrata Kala, PhD Candidate Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies ii F O R E S T S I N A C H A N G I N G C L I M A T E Table of contents FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................................................................................vi INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 PEDAGOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Education for sustainable development ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Target Audience .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Using this Sourcebook................................................................................................................................................................. 4 EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 MODULE 1: Forest carbon and climate change .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Fundamentals: The role of forests in the global carbon cycle .............................................................................................. 9 1.1.1 Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems ....................................................... 9 1.1.2 Forests as carbon stores ....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.3 Carbon Sequestration and Storage across Biomes ................................................................................................ 10 1.1.4 Stand Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration in Forests........................................................................................... 10 1.1.2 The Contribution of Deforestation and Forest Degradation to Climate Change .................................................... 12 1.2 Initiatives, Tools & Methodologies..................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 Sustainable Forest Management for Climate Change Mitigation .......................................................................... 12 1.3 Case Studies ................................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.1 Tropical Deforestation, Fire and Carbon Loss in the Amazon Basin ........................................................................ 14 1.3.2 Carbon Sequestration in Wood Products ............................................................................................................. 15 1.4 Key Issues for Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.4.1 The role of forests in the carbon cycle .................................................................................................................. 15 1.4.2 Patterns of forest development ..........................................................................................................................