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Topic: Elizabeth I Year Group: 13 Subject: History Topic: Elizabeth I Year Group: 13 1. Character & Aims 2. Government Key Events Dates 1 Childhood 1. Only daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. 1 The 1. Key to the Elizabethan decision-making process. 1558 Accession of Elizabeth I and 2. Made illegitimate at the age of 3 after Royal 2. Had two main areas: Presence Chamber and the education execution of her mother. Court Privy Chamber. William Cecil appointed secretary 3. Education overseen by her stepmother 3. Royal Court was under the jurisdiction of the 1559 1. Act of Supremacy and Uniformity. Katherine Parr, Kat Ashley, William Grindal and Lord Chamberlain. Roger Ascham. 4. The roles of politician and courtier became 2. Aids the Lords of the Congregation in 4. Had a shrewd grasp of political processors. more intertwined. Scotland 5. Generally a better judge of character than 5. Elizabeth relied on the support and advice of key Mary I had been. figures such as Cecil and Leicester. 1562 Elizabeth becomes seriously ill with 6. Elizabeth’s government became less successful smallpox 2 What were 1. Consolidate her position as queen. from the late 1580s onwards. Elizabeth’s 2. To settle religious issues. 1569 The Northern Rebellion aims as 3. To pursue a peaceful settlement with the What 1. Structure of government helped to prevent 2 1571 Ridolfi Plot queen? French. was the factional rivalry in the early stages of the reign. 4. Elizabeth had no desire to involve herself in impact 2. No single minister had complete control and 1573 Walsingham appointed secretary of government in the same manner as Henry VII of court various families helped to balance power. state but she did take an informed interest in the factions 3. Factional rivalries began to develop in the 1590s decision making process. ? as a result of clashes between Robert Cecil and 1579 Marriage negotiations with Duke of 5. She was prepared to use her royal prerogative the Earl of Essex. Anjou when necessary. 4. Essex lost power and influence that culminated in his ‘rebellion’ of 1601. 1581 Tightening of anti-Catholic laws 3 How did 1. Mary recognized Elizabeth as her successor Elizabeth before her death. 3 What 1. Less important under Elizabeth than it had been 1583 Throckmorton Plot consolidate 2. Mary’s key councilors accepted her accession was the under Henry VIII. her power? to the throne. role of 2. Elizabeth regarded Parliament as a necessary 1584 Bond of Association 3. William Cecil was appointed as her principal Parliam evil. secretary. ent? 3. Parliament served 3 key purposes: law making; 1585 Parry Plot 4. She proceeded quickly with her coronation granting taxation and giving advice. Start of war with Spain (within two months of her accession) 4. Parliament occasionally irritated Elizabeth and 1585 Babington Plot and Mary, QoS guilty of 5. Gained international recognition from foreign challenged her prerogatives. powers. treason 1587 Mary, QoS executed Key People 1588 Death of Earl of Leicester William Cecil Principal secretary from 1558 to 1590s. Promoted to Lord Burghley in 1571. Robert Dudley Close friend, favourite and advisor of Elizabeth. Master of the Horse and made Earl of Leicester in 1564. 1589 Death of Walsingham Sir Francis Walsingham Secretary of state from 1573. Elizabeth’s spymaster. 1591 Robert Cecil promoted to Privy Council Sir Christopher Hatton Lord Chancellor of England and favourite of Elizabeth I. He was involved in the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots. 1596 Robert Cecil appointed secretary of state Robert Devereaux Earl of Essex. Favourite of Elizabeth until his fall from grace after a coup in 1601. 1601 ‘Rebellion’ and execution of Earl of Robert Cecil Son of William and his eventual successor as Elizabeth’s principal advisor. Essex Subject: History Topic: Elizabeth I Year Group: 13 Key People 3. Foreign Policy 4. Society Mary, Queen Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1 What was 1. England and France sign the peace Treaty of Cateau- 1 Change 1. The Nobility became more peaceable of Scots 1567. Executed in 1587. Elizabeth’s Cambrésis in 1559. This agreed the position of Calais and than in previous reigns. early after it was lost to the French in 1558. Continui 2. The nobles focused on building grand Philip II of Catholic ruler of Spain until 1598. foreign 2. Accession of Francis II of France made Mary, Queen ty houses to demonstrate their prestige. Spain Sent the Armada in 1588. policy like? of Scots, Queen of France. 3. Elizabeth created no more dukes after Scottish Protestant preacher who 3. Scotland becomes a client state of France. John Knox the execution of Norfolk in 1572. spoke against female rulers. 4. England provides support to the Protestant Lords of 4. Gentry class increased in size and the Congregation. influence. James Earl of Moray. Half-brother of 5. Elizabeth and Dudley support the cause of the 5. Gap between rich and poor widened. Stewart Mary QoS & regent for James VI. Huguenots in France. 6. Population was roughly 4 million, with most people living in the countryside. John Hawkins English privateer, slave trader and 2 What was 1. Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1586. Queen of merchant who stole gold from the France from 1560-1562. 2 Poverty 1. Introduced several further measures to Spanish ships. influence 2. Elizabeth provided support to the Protestants in and relieve poverty. James VI King of Scotland from 1567. of Mary, Scotland. Poor 2. Poor Law Act of 1576 created a national Queen of 3. Mary wished to be recognized as Elizabeth’s heir. Relief system of poor relief. Francis Drake Leader of the English Navy against Scots? 4. Mary forced to abdicate in 1567, she fled into 3. Each parish was responsible for the the Spanish Armada. England the following year and was kept under impotent poor. house arrest. 4. Elizabeth’s government took care of the Earl of Tyrone Irish clan chief who rose up against 5. Mary was the focus of numerous plots and Elizabeth deserving poor. Elizabeth in 1595. was finally forced to authorize her execution in 1587. 5. Treatment of the undeserving poor remained harsh. Key Dates 3 Marriage 1. Elizabeth became known as the Virgin Queen 2. Her single status caused issues as there was no clear 3 The 1. Catholic Ireland differed greatly from 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis heir to her throne should she die. Regions Protestant England. Treaty of Edinburgh 3. There were numerous suitors for Elizabeth 2. Numerous rebellions broke out in 1560 throughout her reign: Philip II of Spain, Robert Ireland, some linked to the Spanish war. 1564 Treaty of Troyes Dudley, Archdukes Ferdinand and Charles, Prince 3. Essex sent to Ireland to deal with rebels; Erik of Sweden and the Duke of Anjou. failed in his objectives. 1567 Mary, QoS forced to abdicate 4. Elizabeth declared her marriage a matter of royal 4. Welsh border no longer a problem. prerogative and prevented Parliament from 5. North of England remained problematic. 1569 Northern Rebellion discussing it. 6. Elizabeth continued to appoint southerners as wardens of the North. 1576 Poor Law Act introduced 4 Why did 1. Relations with Spain worsened throughout the reign. relations 2. Trading activity of John Hawkins and other privateers 4 The 1. Took place in Durham and North 1579 Marriage negotiations with Duke of Anjou with Spain caused tensions. Norther Yorkshire in 1569. 1586 Treaty of Berwick worsen? 3. Elizabeth’s involvement in the Spanish Netherlands n 2. Numerous motivations: worsened relations. Rebellio 3. Catholic discontent 1587 Mary, QoS executed 4. Philip II sent an armada in 1588 which was defeated n 4. Loss of political influence by Lord Howard and Francis Drake. 5. Restore Mary, Queen of Scots to the 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada 5. War with Spain continued over disputes with the Sea Scottish throne. 1594 Start of Tyrone Rebellion in Ireland Beggars and the Netherlands until after Elizabeth’s 6. Defeated by Elizabeth’s forces and the death. rebels were treated harshly. 1598 Defeat of English in Ireland at Yellow Ford. Subject: History Topic: Elizabeth I Year Group: 13 Key Words Definition 5. Economy: 6. Religion and ideas Factionalism Disputes between two or more small 1 What was 1. Internal trade was more successful 1 What was the 1. Act of Supremacy 1559 restored royal groups from within a larger group. trade like? than foreign trade. Religious supremacy. System where Crown distributes Settlement of 2. Act described Elizabeth as ‘supreme Patronage 2. Wider range of luxury goods favours to those seen as loyal. imported. 1559? governor’ of the Church of England instead Rights the monarch can exercise 3. Cloth trade declines in importance. of ‘head’. Prerogative 4. New trading routes and companies 3. Act of Uniformity specified the use of a without consent of Parliament. established. single Book of Common Prayer. Presence Place where private contact between 4. Royal injunctions 1559 were a set of Chamber Queen and courtiers takes place. 2 Exploration 1. Extension of trade to North America. instructions about the conduct of church and 2. Attempts to set up a colony in services. Privy Private rooms where monarch would colonisation Virginia. Chamber meet with their councillors 3. Expeditions to Roanoke Island and 2 What was the 1. The religious settlement was Protestant and North Carolina – but the settlements impact of early accepted by most. Huguenots French Protestants religious 2. Matthew Parker made Archbishop of were unsuccessful. Regicide Killing of a monarch 4. Walter Raleigh, Humphrey Gilbert and developments? Canterbury. 3. Most of the new bishops were returning Richard Hakluyt were key figures in Poor Relief Assistance given to the poor from Protestant exiles.
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