Icarus Hirise Images of Yardangs and Sinuous Ridges in the Lower
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Workshop on the Martiannorthern Plains: Sedimentological,Periglacial, and Paleoclimaticevolution
NASA-CR-194831 19940015909 WORKSHOP ON THE MARTIANNORTHERN PLAINS: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL,PERIGLACIAL, AND PALEOCLIMATICEVOLUTION MSATT ..V",,2' :o_ MarsSurfaceandAtmosphereThroughTime Lunar and PlanetaryInstitute 3600 Bay AreaBoulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 ' _ LPI/TR--93-04Technical, Part 1 Report Number 93-04, Part 1 L • DISPLAY06/6/2 94N20382"£ ISSUE5 PAGE2088 CATEGORY91 RPT£:NASA-CR-194831NAS 1.26:194831LPI-TR-93-O4-PT-ICNT£:NASW-4574 93/00/00 29 PAGES UNCLASSIFIEDDOCUMENT UTTL:Workshopon the MartianNorthernPlains:Sedimentological,Periglacial, and PaleoclimaticEvolution TLSP:AbstractsOnly AUTH:A/KARGEL,JEFFREYS.; B/MOORE,JEFFREY; C/PARKER,TIMOTHY PAA: A/(GeologicalSurvey,Flagstaff,AZ.); B/(NationalAeronauticsand Space Administration.GoddardSpaceFlightCenter,Greenbelt,MD.); C/(Jet PropulsionLab.,CaliforniaInst.of Tech.,Pasadena.) PAT:A/ed.; B/ed.; C/ed. CORP:Lunarand PlanetaryInst.,Houston,TX. SAP: Avail:CASIHC A03/MFAOI CIO: UNITEDSTATES Workshopheld in Fairbanks,AK, 12-14Aug.1993;sponsored by MSATTStudyGroupandAlaskaUniv. MAJS:/*GLACIERS/_MARSSURFACE/*PLAINS/*PLANETARYGEOLOGY/*SEDIMENTS MINS:/ HYDROLOGICALCYCLE/ICE/MARS CRATERS/MORPHOLOGY/STRATIGRAPHY ANN: Papersthathavebeen acceptedforpresentationat the Workshopon the MartianNorthernPlains:Sedimentological,Periglacial,and Paleoclimatic Evolution,on 12-14Aug. 1993in Fairbanks,Alaskaare included.Topics coveredinclude:hydrologicalconsequencesof pondedwateron Mars; morpho!ogical and morphometric studies of impact cratersin the Northern Plainsof Mars; a wet-geology and cold-climateMarsmodel:punctuation -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Pacing Early Mars Fluvial Activity at Aeolis Dorsa: Implications for Mars
1 Pacing Early Mars fluvial activity at Aeolis Dorsa: Implications for Mars 2 Science Laboratory observations at Gale Crater and Aeolis Mons 3 4 Edwin S. Kitea ([email protected]), Antoine Lucasa, Caleb I. Fassettb 5 a Caltech, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125 6 b Mount Holyoke College, Department of Astronomy, South Hadley, MA 01075 7 8 Abstract: The impactor flux early in Mars history was much higher than today, so sedimentary 9 sequences include many buried craters. In combination with models for the impactor flux, 10 observations of the number of buried craters can constrain sedimentation rates. Using the 11 frequency of crater-river interactions, we find net sedimentation rate ≲20-300 μm/yr at Aeolis 12 Dorsa. This sets a lower bound of 1-15 Myr on the total interval spanned by fluvial activity 13 around the Noachian-Hesperian transition. We predict that Gale Crater’s mound (Aeolis Mons) 14 took at least 10-100 Myr to accumulate, which is testable by the Mars Science Laboratory. 15 16 1. Introduction. 17 On Mars, many craters are embedded within sedimentary sequences, leading to the 18 recognition that the planet’s geological history is recorded in “cratered volumes”, rather than 19 just cratered surfaces (Edgett and Malin, 2002). For a given impact flux, the density of craters 20 interbedded within a geologic unit is inversely proportional to the deposition rate of that 21 geologic unit (Smith et al. 2008). To use embedded-crater statistics to constrain deposition 22 rate, it is necessary to distinguish the population of interbedded craters from a (usually much 23 more numerous) population of craters formed during and after exhumation. -
A Geomorphic Classification System
A Geomorphic Classification System U.S.D.A. Forest Service Geomorphology Working Group Haskins, Donald M.1, Correll, Cynthia S.2, Foster, Richard A.3, Chatoian, John M.4, Fincher, James M.5, Strenger, Steven 6, Keys, James E. Jr.7, Maxwell, James R.8 and King, Thomas 9 February 1998 Version 1.4 1 Forest Geologist, Shasta-Trinity National Forests, Pacific Southwest Region, Redding, CA; 2 Soil Scientist, Range Staff, Washington Office, Prineville, OR; 3 Area Soil Scientist, Chatham Area, Tongass National Forest, Alaska Region, Sitka, AK; 4 Regional Geologist, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, CA; 5 Integrated Resource Inventory Program Manager, Alaska Region, Juneau, AK; 6 Supervisory Soil Scientist, Southwest Region, Albuquerque, NM; 7 Interagency Liaison for Washington Office ECOMAP Group, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; 8 Water Program Leader, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO; and 9 Geology Program Manager, Washington Office, Washington, DC. A Geomorphic Classification System 1 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 6 History of Classification Efforts in the Forest Service ............................................................... 6 History of Development .............................................................................................................. 7 Goals -
Formation and Evolution of Yardangs Activated by Late Pleistocene Tectonic Movement in Dunhuang, Gansu Province of China
Formation and evolution of yardangs activated by Late Pleistocene tectonic movement in Dunhuang, Gansu Province of China Yanjie Wang1,2, Fadong Wu1,∗, Xujiao Zhang1, Peng Zeng1, Pengfei Ma1, Yuping Song1 and Hao Chu1 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China. 2School of Tourism, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China. ∗Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] Developed in the Anxi-Dunhuang basin, the yardangs of Dunhuang (western China) are clearly affected by tectonic movement. Based on fieldwork, this study ascertained three levels of river terrace in the area for the first time. Through the analysis of river terraces formation and regional tectonic movement, the study ascertained that the river terraces were formed mainly by Late Pleistocene tectonic uplift, which had activated the evolution of yardangs in the study area. By electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, the starting time and periodicity of the evolution of the yardangs were determined. The river terraces designated T3, T2 and T1 began to evolve at 109.0∼98.5, 72.9∼66.84 and 53.2∼38.0 kaBP, respectively, which is the evidence of regional neotectonic movement. And, the formation of the yardangs was dominated by tectonic uplift during the prenatal stage and mainly by wind erosion in the following evolution, with relatively short stationary phases. This research focused on the determination of endogenic processes of yardangs formation, which would contribute to further understanding of yardangs formation from a geological perspective and promote further study of yardang landform. -
Case Study of Aeolis Serpens in the Aeolis Dorsa, Mars, and Insight from the Mirackina Paleoriver, South Australia ⇑ Rebecca M.E
Icarus 225 (2013) 308–324 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Variability in martian sinuous ridge form: Case study of Aeolis Serpens in the Aeolis Dorsa, Mars, and insight from the Mirackina paleoriver, South Australia ⇑ Rebecca M.E. Williams a, , Rossman P. Irwin III b, Devon M. Burr c, Tanya Harrison d,1, Phillip McClelland e a Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, United States b Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States c Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States d Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, United States e Ultramag Geophysics, Mount Hutton, NSW 2280, Australia article info abstract Article history: In the largest known population of sinuous ridges on Mars, Aeolis Serpens stands out as the longest Received 3 August 2012 (500 km) feature in Aeolis Dorsa. The formation of this landform, whether from fluvial or glacio-fluvial Revised 6 March 2013 processes, has been debated in the literature. Here we examine higher-resolution data and use a terres- Accepted 10 March 2013 trial analog (the Mirackina paleoriver, South Australia) to show that both the morphology and contextual Available online 2 April 2013 evidence for Aeolis Serpens are consistent with development of an inverted fluvial landform from differ- ential erosion of variably cemented deposits. The results of this study demonstrate that the induration Keywords: mechanism can affect preservation of key characteristics of the paleoriver morphology. For groundwater Mars, Surface cemented inverted fluvial landforms, like the Mirackina example, isolated remnants of the paleoriver are Geological processes Earth preserved because of the temporal and spatial variability of cementation sites. -
Peter Weiss. Andrei Platonov. Ragnvald Blix. Georg Henrik Von Wright. Adam Michnik
A quarterly scholarly journal and news magazine. March 2011. Vol IV:1 From the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES) Södertörn University, Stockholm FEATURE. Steklov – Russian BALTIC temple of pure thought W O Rbalticworlds.com L D S COPING WITH TRANSITIONS PETER WEISS. ANDREI PLATONOV. RAGNVALD BLIX. GEORG HENRIK VON WRIGHT. ADAM MICHNIK. SLAVENKA DRAKULIĆ. Sixty pages BETRAYED GDR REVOLUTION? / EVERYDAY BELARUS / WAVE OF RELIGION IN ALBANIA / RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKETS 2short takes Memory and manipulation. Transliteration. Is anyone’s suffering more important than anyone else’s? Art and science – and then some “IF YOU WANT TO START a war, call me. Transliteration is both art and science CH I know all about how it's done”, says – and, in many cases, politics. Whether MÄ author Slavenka Drakulić with a touch царь should be written as tsar, tzar, ANNA of gallows humor during “Memory and czar, or csar may not be a particu- : H Manipulation: Religion as Politics in the larly sensitive political matter today, HOTO Balkans”, a symposium held in Lund, but the question of the transliteration P Sweden, on December 2, 2010. of the name of the current president This issue of the journal includes a of Belarus is exceedingly delicate. contribution from Drakulić (pp. 55–57) First, and perhaps most important: in which she claims that top-down gov- which name? Both the Belarusian ernance, which started the war, is also Аляксандр Лукашэнка, and the Rus- the path to reconciliation in the region. sian Александр Лукашенко are in use. Balkan experts attending the sympo- (And, while we’re at it, should that be sium agree that the war was directed Belarusian, or Belarussian, or Belaru- from the top, and that “top-down” is san, or Byelorussian, or Belorussian?) the key to understanding how the war BW does not want to take a stand on began in the region. -
Analysis Ofcryokarstic Surfacepatterns on Debris
42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 1305.pdf ANALYSIS OF CRYOKARSTIC SURFACE PATTERNS ON DEBRIS APRONS AT THE MID–LATITUDES OF MARS. Cs. Orgel, Department of Physical and Applied Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary ([email protected]). Introduction: The presence of ice-related glacier-like Perpendicular (Fig.1./J) and parallel (Fig.1./K) furrows landforms on the Martian mid-latitudes have been have been observed in Deuteronilus-A on inner crater studying on the basis of Viking imagery. These features walls, parallel ones are possible the result of melting are evidences of colder climatic conditions in the Mar- flows or gully processes near the faults-like features. tian geologic history, which have three proposed origin Verges of furrows in Hourglass region are rounded, [1][2][3]. Three types of landforms are distinguished on causing of viscous material. (3) The craters of the debris Mars: Lobate Debris Aprons (LDA), Lineated Valley apron surfaces are classificated in different types: 1. Fills (LVF), and Concentric Crater Fills (CCF) [4][5][6]. Pitted ring-mold craters (Fig.1./G). 2. Bowl-shaped cra- This work focuses on the morphological analysis and ters (Fig.1./H). 3. Inverted-relief craters (Fig.1./I). 4. interpretation of the surface patterns like mounds, fur- Softened craters. Deuteronilus-A has small, high num- rows, ridges, pits, craters, and different surface types ber of bowl-shaped craters, which can indicate low- like „smooth surface”, „corn-like surface”, polygonal percent of ice in the near-surface layers. Hourglass has mantling material and „brain-like texture” based on larger and lesser number of craters than Deuteronilus-A MRO HiRISE’s images [6][7][8]. -
G Ro up of Sh Arp Y a R D a N G R Id G Es Sepa R A
BULL. GEOL. SOC. AM. VOL. 45, 1934, PL. Northeast of Rogers Dry Lake, Mohave Desert, California. GROUP OF SHARP YARDANG RIDGES SEPARATED BY TROUGHS Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/45/1/159/3430339/BUL45_1-0159.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 45. PP. 159-166. PLS. 1-7 FEBRUARY 28, 1934 YARDANGS * BY ELIOT BLACKWELDER (Read before the Gordüleran Section of the Society, April 7 ,19SS) CONTENTS Page Yardangs defined...................................................................................................... 159 Some examples......................................................................................................... 160 Formation of yardangs and troughs....................................................................... 161 Limiting conditions................................................................................................. 163 Relative efficiency of wind as anerosional agent................................................... 164 References................................................................................................................. 165 YARDANGS DEFINED In this paper it is my purpose to describe certain features of con siderable size which are distinctive and seem clearly to be made by wind erosion. Although they have long been known to explorers of deserts, they have not received from geomorphologists the attention they deserve. The erosive activity of the wind has two aspects—which are -
Extensive Noachian Fluvial Systems in Arabia Terra: Implications for Early Martian Climate
Extensive Noachian fluvial systems in Arabia Terra: Implications for early Martian climate J.M. Davis1*, M. Balme2, P.M. Grindrod3, R.M.E. Williams4, and S. Gupta5 1Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2Department of Physical Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, UK 4Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA 5Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK ABSTRACT strata, as much as hundreds of meters thick, that mantle the topography Valley networks are some of the strongest lines of evidence for (e.g., Moore, 1990; Fassett and Head, 2007). They are more eroded in the extensive fluvial activity on early (Noachian; >3.7 Ga) Mars. How- north, where they become discontinuous and then absent (e.g., Zabrusky ever, their purported absence on certain ancient terrains, such as et al., 2012). In the south, the Meridiani Planum region is covered by the Arabia Terra, is at variance with patterns of precipitation as predicted youngest etched unit, interpreted to be early Hesperian (ca. 3.6–3.7 Ga; by “warm and wet” climate models. This disagreement has contrib- Hynek and Di Achille, 2016). uted to the development of an alternative “icy highlands” scenario, These observations suggest that valley networks in Arabia Terra might whereby valley networks were formed by the melting of highland ice have been buried by the etched units and/or removed by later erosion. -
Eolian Features in the Western Desert of Egypt and Some Applications to Mars
VOL. 84, NO. B14 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH DECEMBER 30, 1979 Eolian Features in the Western Desert of Egypt and Some Applications to Mars FAROUK EL-BAZ National Air and Space Museum, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington,D.C. 20560 C. S. BREED, M. J. GROLIER, AND J. F. MCCAULEY U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Flagstaff,Arizona 86001 Relations of landform types to wind regimes, bedrock composition, sediment supply, and topography are shown by field studiesand satellite photographsof the Western Desert of Egypt. This desert, which lies at the core of the largest hyperarid region on earth, provides analogs of Martian wind-formed fea- tures. These include sand dunes, alternating light and dark streaks,knob 'shadows,'and yardangs. Sur- face particleshave been segregatedby wind into deposits(dunes, sand sheets,and light streaks)that can be differentiated by their grain size distributions, surface shapes, and colors. Throughgoing sand of mostly fine to medium grain size is migrating southward in longitudinal dune belts and barchan chains whose long axes lie parallel to the prevailing northerly winds, but topographicvariations such as scarps and depressionsstrongly influence the zones of deposition and dune morphology. Sand from the longitu- dinal duneson the plains is commonly redistributedinto barchansin the depressions.These barchansare generally simple crescentsthat are morphologicallysimilar to many of the dunesseen on Viking orbiter pictures of the north polar sand sea on mars. Light streaksare depositional features consistingof dune belts and elongate sheetsof coarseto medium sand and granules.Intervening dark streaksare erosional features consistingof strips of desert-varnishedbedrock and lag gravel surfacesexposed between the sand deposits.The shape of both light and dark streaksis controlled by wind flow around topographic highs. -
Inverted Relief Landforms in the Kumtagh Desert of Northwestern China: a Mechanism to Estimate Wind Erosion Rates
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Geol. J. 52: 131–140 (2017) Published online 13 November 2015 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/gj.2739 Inverted relief landforms in the Kumtagh Desert of northwestern China: a mechanism to estimate wind erosion rates ZHEN-TING WANG1,2*, ZHONG-PING LAI3 and JIAN-JUN QU2 1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 2Dunhuang Gobi Desert Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Dunhuang, China 3State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China Although commonly found in deserts, our knowledge about inverted relief landforms is very limited. The so-called ‘Gravel Body’ in the northern Kumtagh Desert is an example of an inverted relief landform created by the exhumation of a former fluvial gravel channel. The common occurrence of these landforms indicates that fluvial processes played an important role in shaping the Kumtagh Desert in the past 151 ka. A physical model is presented to reconstruct the palaeohydrology of these fluvial channels in terms of several measurable parameters including terrain slope, boulder size, and channel width. Combining the calculated palaeoflood depth, the maximal depth of channel bed eroded by wind, and the current height of inverted channels with the age of the aeolian sediments covered by gravels, the local wind erosion rate is estimated to be 0.21–0.28 mm/year. It is shown that wind erosion occurring in the Kumtagh Desert is no more severe than in adjacent regions. Since the modern Martian environment is very similar to that of hyperarid deserts on Earth, and Mars was once subjected to fluvial processes, this study will be helpful for understanding the origin of analogous Martian surface landforms and their causative processes.