DOCSLIB.ORG

Polybenzoxazine Materials from Renewable Diphenolic Acid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Polybenzoxazine Materials from Renewable Diphenolic Acid POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID PhD thesis Supervised by Dr. Virginia Cádiz Deleito and Dr. Joan Carles Ronda Bargalló Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Tarragona 2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 Depaartament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n Campus Sescelades 43007, Tarragona Telf. 977 559 769 Fax. 977 558 446 Virginia Cádiz Deleito y Joan Carles Ronda Bargalló, ambos catedráticos del Departamento de Química Analítica y Química Orgánica de la Universidad Rovira i Virgili, HACEN CONSTAR que la presente tesis doctoral, titulada “Polybenzoxazine materials from renewable dipphenolic acid” presentada ppor Camilo Javier Zúññiga Ruiz para la obtención del título de Doctor, ha sido realizada bajo nuestra dirección en el Departamento de Química Annalítica y Química Orgánica de esta Universidad y que cumple con los requisitos para poder optar a la Mención Europea Tarragona, 23 de julio de 2013 Dra. Virginia Cádiz Dr. Joan Carles Ronda UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1 1.1. General introduction 3 1.2. Scope and purpose of the thesis 18 CHAPTER 2. DIPHENOLIC ACID AS PLATFORM CHEMICAL FOR THE 25 SYNTHESIS OF POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS 2.1. Introduction 27 2.2. Flame retardancy in polymers 27 2.2.1. Polymer combustion 28 2.2.2. General flame retardant mechanisms 28 2.2.3. Types of flame retardants 29 2.2.4. Polymer flammability tests 32 2.3. Polybenzoxazine/fiberglass composites 33 2.4. Objectives 35 2.5. Experimental procedures and results 35 2.5.1. Polybenzoxazines from renewable diphenolic acid 39 2.5.2. Renewable polybenzoxazines based in diphenolic acid 61 CHAPTER 3. POLYBENZOXAZINE FOAMS 81 3.1. Introduction 83 3.2. General aspects of foams 83 3.3. Properties of foams 86 3.3.1. Mechanical properties 86 3.3.2. Thermal properties 87 3.4. Types of polymeric foams 87 3.5. Flame retardant foams 88 3.6. Benzoxazine derived foams 90 3.7. Objectives 92 3.8. Experimental procedures and results 92 3.8.1. Self-foaming diphenolic acid benzoxazine 97 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 3.8.2. Phosphorus flame retardant polybenzoxazine foams 115 based on renewable diphenolic acid 3.8.3. Modeling of the foaming process of a phosphorus flame 143 retardant polybenzoxazine CHAPTER 4. MULTI WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES/ 157 POLYBENZOXAZINE NANOCOMPOSITES 4.1. Introduction 163 4.2. Carbon nanotubes 163 4.3. Polymer nanocomposites 165 4.3.1. Fabrication methods of carbon nanotube/polymer 166 composites 4.3.2. Properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites 166 4.4. Carbon-based/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites 167 4.5. Objectives 168 4.6. Experimental procedures and results 169 4.6.1. Convenient and solventless preparation of neat carbon 173 nanotubes/polybenxozazine nanocomposites with low percolation threshold and improved thermal and fire properties GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 193 APPENDICES 197 Appendix A List of abbreviations 199 Appendix B List of publications 201 Appendix C Meeting contributions and stage 202 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Undoubtedly the diversity of polymers and the flexibility of their properties are employed to produce a broad variety of products that bring medical, technological advances, energy savings and numerous other societal benefits. Plastics are everywhere and although today most plastic items are banal and uninteresting to the user/consumer, a day without their use would be unthinkable. As a result, the global plastics production has increased substantially over the last decades from around 0.5 million tonnes in 1950 to 280 million tonnes in 2011, with an annually increase of 9%1 (Figure 1). Almost all aspects of daily life involve plastics e.g., telecommunications, sports, clothing, footwear and as packing materials that facilitate the transport of a wide of goods. For instance, in Europe the plastic application sector is led by packing (39%), followed by building & construction (20.5%), automotive (8.3%) and electrical & electronic equipment (5.4%) of overall demand. Others (26.4%) include various sectors such as consumer and household appliances, furniture, agriculture, sport, health and safety1. Despite several and well-known benefits of plastics, concerns about usage and final disposal, sustainability, environment and effects on wildlife and humans are gaining momentum in both academic and scientific fields. Usually, plastics are additivated to improve their performance with substantial quantities of one or more chemical compounds. Unfortunately, some of them are toxic or could leach out of products being potentially harmful for humans and wildlife2. On the other hand, around 4% of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3-4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture3. Given the depletion of fossil fuels reserves, the dramatic fluctuation in oil prices, and the relationship between the cost/risk to safety, health and the environment, the use of hydrocarbons for producing low-cost plastic with short-lived applications is becoming increasingly not sustainable4. In addition to the reliance on finite resources of plastic production, and concerns about additive effects of chemicals, current patterns of usage are generating global waste management problems. In 2011 post-consumer plastic waste generation across the European Union was 25.1 million tonnes1. Large quantities of plastic debris have been accumulated in the natural environment by contaminating a wide range of natural terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI POLYBENZOXAZINE MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID Camilo Javier Zúñiga Ruiz Dipòsit Legal: T.1559-2013 Without going further, the great pacific garbage patch, a gyre composed of floating waste plastic and other products, is just a simple example of the ill-fated consequences of the accumulation of plastic waste in the natural environment. Apart from the physical problems related to plastic debris, there exist other problems resulting from ingestion and entanglement of debris in wildlife5,6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Polyurethane-Polybenzoxazine Based
    POLYURETHANE-POLYBENZOXAZINE BASED SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Numan Erden December, 2009 POLYURETHANE-POLYBENZOXAZINE BASED SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS Numan Erden Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Sadhan C. Jana Dr. Sadhan C. Jana _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the College Dr. Kevin Cavicchi Dr. Stephen Z.D. Cheng _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Robert A. Weiss Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ Date ii ABSTRACT Shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) have attracted much attention from academic and industrial researchers due to strong potential in biomedical and consumer applications. Some of the limiting factors of these materials are low recovery stress (RS) and shape recovery (SR). Fundamental studies have focused on the improvement of RS and SR values using primarily two approaches. The first utilizes the nanocomposite route by which a few weight percentages of nanofillers are added to SMPU in order to increase the modulus and consequently to obtain enhancement in recovery stress. Although successful in the case of SMPU with amorphous soft segments, the nanofillers caused reduction in crystallinity of crystalline soft segment leading to deterioration of shape memory properties of SMPUs. In the second approach, chemical additives are added which either chemically bond with SMPU chains or form a separate phase and offer much stronger modulus than the soft and hard segments of SMPU. This second approach was followed in the current study. Polybenzoxazine (PB-a) was incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) formulation, anticipating that it would play a similar role to hard segment and improve the shape memory properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Polybenzoxazine Aerogels: Synthesis, Characterization, Conversion to Porous Carbons, and Energetic Composites
    Scholars' Mine Doctoral Dissertations Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2013 Polybenzoxazine aerogels: synthesis, characterization, conversion to porous carbons, and energetic composites Shruti Mahadik-Khanolkar Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Department: Chemistry Recommended Citation Mahadik-Khanolkar, Shruti, "Polybenzoxazine aerogels: synthesis, characterization, conversion to porous carbons, and energetic composites" (2013). Doctoral Dissertations. 1821. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/1821 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLYBENZOXAZINE AEROGELS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, CONVERSION TO POROUS CARBONS, AND ENERGETIC COMPOSITES by SHRUTI MAHADIK-KHANOLKAR A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in CHEMISTRY 2013 Approved by: Dr. Nicholas Leventis, Advisor Dr. Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis, Co-Advisor Dr. Manashi Nath Dr. Jeffrey G. Winiarz Dr. Lokeswarappa R. Dharani ii 2013 Shruti Mahadik-Khanolkar All Rights Reserved iii DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED FATHER Late Mr. SURYAKANT G. MAHADIK iv PUBLICATION DISSERTATION OPTION This dissertation consists of two articles that have been prepared for publications as follows: Paper I found on pages 35-100 is inteneded to submit in Chemistry of Materials Paper II found on pages 101-156 is intended to submit in Chemistry of Materials v ABSTRACT Aerogels are nanoporous, low-density bulk objects, consisting of three- dimensional assemblies of nanoparticle.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Hyperbranched Polybenzoxazine-Based Graphene Oxide—Poly(Amidoamines) Nanomaterials
    polymers Article Innovative Hyperbranched Polybenzoxazine-Based Graphene Oxide—Poly(amidoamines) Nanomaterials Elena Iuliana Bîru 1, Sorina Alexandra Gârea 1 and Horia Iovu 1,2,* 1 Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (E.I.B.); [email protected] (S.A.G.) 2 Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050094 Bucharest, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-21-402-3922 Received: 6 October 2020; Accepted: 18 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020 Abstract: The covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) surface with hyperbranched benzoxazine (BZ) structures has been achieved using poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) of different generations. By increasing the PAMAM generation, multiple benzoxazine rings were synthesized decorating the GO layers. The polymerization process and the exfoliation behavior were investigated. The novel BZ-functionalized GO hybrid materials were characterized by a combination of techniques such as FT-IR, XPS, and 1H-NMR for the confirmation of benzoxazine formation onto the GO layer surfaces. Raman and XRD investigation showed that the GO stacking layers are highly disintegrated upon functionalization with hyperbranched benzoxazine monomers, the exfoliation being more probably to occur when lower PAMAM generation (G) is involved for the synthesis of hybrid GO-BZ nanocomposites. The polymerization of BZ rings may occur either between the BZ units from the same dendrimer molecule or between BZ units from different dendrimer molecules, thus influencing the intercalation/exfoliation of GO. DSC data showed that the polymerization temperature strongly depends on the PAMAMgeneration and a significant decrease of this value occurred for PAMAM of higher generation, the polymerization temperature being reduced with ~10 ◦C in case of GO-PAMAM(G2)-BZ.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Dual-Cure Hybrid Polybenzoxazine Thermosets
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-1-2015 Development of Dual-Cure Hybrid Polybenzoxazine Thermosets Jananee Narayanan Sivakami University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Polymer and Organic Materials Commons, and the Polymer Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Narayanan Sivakami, Jananee, "Development of Dual-Cure Hybrid Polybenzoxazine Thermosets" (2015). Dissertations. 196. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/196 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL-CURE HYBRID POLYBENZOXAZINE THERMOSETS by Jananee Narayanan Sivakami Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School and the School of Polymers and High Performance Materials at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 ABSTRACT DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL-CURE HYBRID POLYBENZOXAZINE THERMOSETS by Jananee Narayanan Sivakami December 2015 Polybenzoxazines are potential high performance thermoset replacements for traditional phenolic resins that can undergo an autocatalytic, thermally initiated ring - opening polymerization, and possess superior processing advantages including excellent shelf-life stability, zero volatile loss and limited volumetric shrinkage. The simplistic monomer synthesis and availability of a wide variety of inexpensive starting materials allows enormous molecular design flexibility for accessing a wide range of tailorable material properties for targeted applications. Despite the fact, once fully cured, benzoxazines are difficult to handle due to their inherent brittleness, leaving a very little scope for any modifications.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.285,681 B2 Hsieh (45) Date of Patent: Mar
    USOO9285681 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.285,681 B2 Hsieh (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 15, 2016 (54) PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION WO WO-2009,133843 A1 * 11, 2009 AND USES THEREOF WO WO 2012, 176694 A1 * 12/2012 WO WO 2013/O12035 A1 * 1, 2013 (71) Applicant: CHI MEI CORPORATION, Tainan OTHER PUBLICATIONS (TW) "Aliphatic compounds” IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminol ogy one page from PAC, 1995, 67. 1307 (GLossary of class names of (72) Inventor: Li-Ting Hsieh, Tainan (TW) organic compounds and reactivity intermediates base on structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) onpage 1313, obtained online (73) Assignee: CHI MEI CORPORATION, Tainan from IUPAC gold book.* (TW) CAS Registry No. 215806-04-5, one page obtained from SciFinder database on Mar. 31, 2015 idenying O 1382 as a trade name of this (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this compound, American Chemical Society copyright. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 English translation of WO 2009 133843 A1 published Nov. 5, 2009, Translation from ProQuest Dialog online done Mar. 30, 2015, 75 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. pages. SciFinder database entry for WO2009 133843 and the list of sub (21) Appl. No.: 14/281,715 stances identified therewith down loaged Apr. 1, 2013, 10 pages.* Derwent-ACC-No. 2009-R51511, English abstract of WO (22) Filed: May 19, 2014 2009 133843 A1 publication dated Nov. 5, 2009 (in same family as TW 201005019 A cited by applicants), Derwent Week: 201265, 6 (65) Prior Publication Data pages down loaded Apr. 1, 2015.* CAS Registry No.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Oct
    2,907,745 United States Patent Office Patented Oct. 6, 1959 2 structural strength and, therefore, useful in load-bearing . 2,907,745. applications. POEYURETHANE OF A POLYISOCYANATE, AN Fhese and other objects are accomplished by the present - ACTIVE HYDROGEN COMPOUND, ANEDA HY invention which contemplates the reaction of a substantial DROXYARYL, ALEPHATIC ACID 5 amount of an isocyanate or isothiocyanate, at least half of which must contain two or more isocyanate or isothio Sylvan O. Greenlee, Racine, Wis, assignor to cyanate groups per molecule, with an aliphatic acid, hav S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, Wis. ing a total of at least five carbon atoms with a single No. Drawing. Application January 16, 1957 carbon atom being substituted with two hydroxyaryl 0. groups; and an organic compound having an active hy Seria No. 634,411 drogen groups at least two of the following radicals: 7 Claims. (C. 260-47) YH, CYYH, NH, and CYNH, where Y is oxygen or sulfur, which compound is free of other reactive groups. This invention relates to novel resinous compositions It has been found that the addition of hydroxyaryl of matter of the polyurethane type and is directed more 5 aliphatic acids to a polyisocyanate-active hydrogen com particularly to synthetic resinous compositions derived pound reaction mixture is: an unusually advantageous from the reaction of hydroxyaryl aliphatic acids with measure for obtaining polymeric resinous compositions polyisocyanates in presence of an organic compound characterized by excellent protective coating and adhesive capable of entering into the reaction and exerting an in properties when used as a film, and high structural strength fluence upon the nature of the resulting product.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials
    polymers Article Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials Anun Wongpayakyotin 1,†, Chanchira Jubsilp 2,†, Sunan Tiptipakorn 3,†, Phattarin Mora 1 , Christopher W. Bielawski 4,5 and Sarawut Rimdusit 1,* 1 Research Unit on Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (P.M.) 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; [email protected] 4 Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2218-6862 † These authors contributed equally to the work. Abstract: A series of substituted polybenzoxazines was synthesized and studied as binders in non- asbestos friction composite materials. The structures of the polybenzoxazines were varied in a systemic fashion by increasing the number and position of pendant alkyl (methyl) groups and was accomplished using the respective aromatic amines during the polymer synthesis step. By investigat- Citation: Wongpayakyotin, A.; ing the key thermomechanical and tribological characteristics displayed by the composite materials, Jubsilp, C.; Tiptipakorn, S.; Mora, P.; Bielawski, C.W.; Rimdusit, S. Effects the underlying structure-properties relationships were deconvoluted. Composite friction materials of Alkyl-Substituted with higher thermomechanical and wear resistance properties were obtained from polybenzoxazines Polybenzoxazines on Tribological with relatively high crosslink densities.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Greener Thermosets: Cardanol-Based Polybenzoxazines and Dialdehyde Cellulose Based Composites
    Towards greener thermosets : cardanol-based polybenzoxazines and dialdehyde cellulose based composites Rime Ganfoud To cite this version: Rime Ganfoud. Towards greener thermosets : cardanol-based polybenzoxazines and dialdehyde cel- lulose based composites. Other. Université Côte d’Azur, 2018. English. NNT : 2018AZUR4209. tel-02570341 HAL Id: tel-02570341 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02570341 Submitted on 12 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Towards greener thermosets: Cardanol-based polybenzoxazines and dialdehyde cellulose-based composites Vers des thermodurcissables bio-sourcés : Polybenzoxazines à partir de cardanol et composites à base de dialdéhyde cellulose Rime GANFOUD Institut de Chimie de Nice Présentée en vue de l’obtention Devant le jury, composé de : du grade de docteur en Chimie de l’Université Côte d’Azur Pr Mohamed Naceur Belgacem, Grenoble-INP Pagora, France. Rapporteur Dirigée par : Pr Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli Pr Rosa Marìa Sebastiàn Pérez, UAB, Co-encadrée par : Dr Nathanael Guigo Espagne.
    [Show full text]
  • Diphenolic Acid 126-00-1
    Diphenoilc acid 126-00-1 SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Diphenolic Acid 126-00-1 BASIS OF NOMINATION TO THE CSWG Diphenolic acid is brought to the attention of the CSWG because a new, cost effective manufacturing process is expected to make this chemical an attractive substitute for bisphenol A. Since diphenolic acid is a close structural analog of bisphenol A, environmental releases and consumer exposures from use in baby bottles, dental resins, and lacquers to coat food cans would be similar to those for bisphenol A. Very little information on the toxicity of diphenolic acid was found in the available literature. The chronic effects of diphenolic acid are not well characterized. INPUT FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INDUSTRY Dr. John Walker, Executive Director of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), provided information on the annual production range of levulinic acid, the precursor chemical of diphenolic acid. Diphenoilc acid 126-00-1 SELECTION STATUS ACTION BY CSWG: 9/28/00 Studies requested: Subchronic (90-day) tests Battery of genetic toxicity tests Priority: High Rationale/Remarks: Presently a medium production volume chemical (<1 million lb/yr) A new manufacturing process is expected to greatly reduce the cost of producing diphenolic acid, thus increasing its use. Potential substitute for bisphenol A Virtually no information on toxicity of diphenolic acid CSWG, through NCI, will alert the EPA’s endocrine disruption program about the need for testing diphenolic acid because of its structural similarity to bisphenol A. NCI will conduct Ames and mouse lymphoma assays. Diphenoilc acid 126-00-1 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION CAS Registry Number: 126-00-1 Chemical Abstracts Service Name: Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-γ-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)-γ-methyl- (9CI); valeric acid, 4,4-bis(p- hydroxyphenyl)-(8CI) Synonyms: 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid; CTFA 00879; diphenolic acid; DPA Structural Class: Phenol Structure, Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight: COOH H3C HO OH C17H18O4 Mol.
    [Show full text]
  • IAEA TECDOC SERIES Radiation Radiation Treatment of Wastewater for Reuse with Particular Focus on Wastewaters Containing Organic Pollutants
    IAEA-TECDOC-1855 IAEA-TECDOC-1855 IAEA TECDOC SERIES Radiation Treatment of Wastewater for Reuse with Particular Focus on Wastewaters Containing Organic Pollutants Wastewaters on Focus for Reuse with Particular Wastewater of Treatment Radiation IAEA-TECDOC-1855 Radiation Treatment of Wastewater for Reuse with Particular Focus on Wastewaters Containing Organic Pollutants International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–107818–6 ISSN 1011–4289 @ RADIATION TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR REUSE WITH PARTICULAR FOCUS ON WASTEWATERS CONTAINING ORGANIC POLLUTANTS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY PALAU ALBANIA GHANA PANAMA ALGERIA GREECE PAPUA NEW GUINEA ANGOLA GRENADA PARAGUAY ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GUATEMALA PERU ARGENTINA GUYANA PHILIPPINES ARMENIA HAITI POLAND AUSTRALIA HOLY SEE PORTUGAL AUSTRIA HONDURAS QATAR AZERBAIJAN HUNGARY REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BAHAMAS ICELAND ROMANIA BAHRAIN INDIA BANGLADESH INDONESIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION BARBADOS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RWANDA BELARUS IRAQ SAINT VINCENT AND BELGIUM IRELAND THE GRENADINES BELIZE ISRAEL SAN MARINO BENIN ITALY SAUDI ARABIA BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL JAMAICA SENEGAL STATE OF JAPAN SERBIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JORDAN SEYCHELLES BOTSWANA KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL KENYA SINGAPORE BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA BULGARIA KUWAIT SLOVENIA BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH AFRICA BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SPAIN CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SRI LANKA CAMEROON LATVIA SUDAN CANADA LEBANON SWEDEN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SWITZERLAND
    [Show full text]
  • RSC Advances
    RSC Advances PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Synthesis, characterization, and properties of a novel aromatic ester-based polybenzoxazine Cite this: RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 6953 Chunli Zhu, Xing Gao, Weixi Fan and Xiaofen Fu * Polybenzoxazines with molecular design flexibility have excellent properties by using suitable raw materials. A new benzoxazine monomer terephthalic acid bis-[2-(6-methyl-4H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-3-yl)]ethyl ester (TMBE) with bis-ester groups has been synthesized from the simple esterification reaction of terephthaloyl chloride and 2-(6-methyl-4H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-3-yl)-ethanol (MB-OH). The chemical structure of TMBE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Polymerization behavior of TMBE was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR after each cure stage. The cross-linked polybenzoxazine (PTMBE) gave a transparent film through the thermal casting method. The dynamic mechanical analysis of PTMBE Received 5th December 2019 showed that the T was 110 C. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals better thermal stability as evidenced Accepted 16th January 2020 g by the 5% and 10% weight-loss temperatures (Td5 and Td10)ofPTMBE, which were 263 and 289 C, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10191h respectively, with a char yield of 27% at 800 C. The tensile test of the film revealed that the elongation rsc.li/rsc-advances at break was up to 14.2%. 1. Introduction exibility of
    [Show full text]
  • High Performance Polybenzoxazines As a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin
    #2008 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan REVIEW ARTICLE High Performance Polybenzoxazines as a Novel Type of Phenolic Resin By Tsutomu TAKEICHI,Ã Takehiro KAWAUCHI, and Tarek AGAG Polybenzoxazines that can be obtained by the thermally induced ring-opening polymerization of cyclic benzoxazine monomers are expected as a novel type of phenolic resins. Various benzoxazine monomers are easily synthesized from mono- or diamines, mono- or bisphenols, and formaldehyde. Polybenzoxazines have not only the advantageous properties of the traditional phenolic resins such as the high thermal properties, but also other properties that are not found in the traditional phenolic resins such as the molecular design flexibility, and excellent dimensional stability. The disadvantages of the typical polybenzoxazines are high temperature needed for the cure and brittleness of the cured materials. Further enhancement of thermal properties is also expected for the applications in harsh conditions. Herein, we report on our various approaches for performance enhancement of the polybenzoxazine, including the designs of novel monomers, high molecular weight polymeric precursors, polymer alloys, and hybrids with inorganics. KEY WORDS: Thermoset / Ring-Opening Polymerization / Thermal Properties / Toughness / Polymer Alloy / Organic-Inorganic Hybrid / Nanocomposite / The traditional phenolic resins possess excellent character- Polybenzoxazines provide characteristics found in the tradi- istics such as good heat and chemical resistance, flame tional phenolic resins such as excellent heat resistance and retardancy, electrical properties, low water absorption, and flame retardance. They also provide characteristics that are not low cost due to the inexpensive raw materials and fabricating found in the traditional phenolic resins such as excellent processes. Therefore, they are widely used in various fields dimensional stability, low water absorption and stable low such as structural materials, adhesives, paints and matrix for dielectric properties.
    [Show full text]