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The Journal of Pediatrics Manuscript Writing: Thriving in the "Publish or Perish" World of Academic Pediatrics William Balistreri, MD Denise M. Goodman, MD, MS Raye-Ann deRegnier, MD Sarah L. Long, MD Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD Robin H. Steinhorn, MD Paul G. Fisher, MD Thomas R. Welch, MD The Journal of Pediatrics Successful manuscript writing Goal: To contribute to medical knowledge through the publication of valid scientific work Objectives: To describe the processes that scientific journals use to optimize exposure of valid new information and guard against exposure of unreliable, false, or redundant information To hone skills to write a manuscript clearly and concisely, knowing each section’s purpose, inclusions, flow, and exclusions To plan the strategy for responses to reviewers’ and editors’ comments and decisions, knowing when/how to optimize a revision versus when to disengage and regroup Outline Introduction to the editorial process Manuscript preparation and submission Peer review and editorial decisions Publication ethics Innovations in peer review Exercises, examples, discussion Manuscript Writing Workshop: Introduction to the Editorial Process William F. Balistreri, M.D. Editor Outline ► Why Write Manuscripts? ► Ethics in Scientific Publication ► Editors Obligations/Priorities ► Keys to Good Writing ► What happens to a submitted MS? Why Write Manuscripts? ► Improve the care of children ► Share important observations that advance science and practice ► Foster evidence-based medicine ► Fame and Fortune (motivation beyond academics) ► Academic advancement ►Quantity vs. Quality Scientific writing is a long and difficult journey How to Write Manuscripts What are the “rules of the game”? HOW - Huth’s Rules 1. Decide on message Importance of the work? What is novel? 2. Search the literature 3. Decide on target audience 4. Decide on target Journal 5. Decide on authorship 6. Assemble the “tools” “Bill’s” Rules: Keys to Good Writing “Bill’s” Rules: Keys to Good Writing Get Organized Revise, revise, revise Simplify, simplify, simplify Use excellent graphics Focus Spell correctly Shorten “Typical” length targets 5 page published article equals 9-10 manuscript text pages Introduction - 1 page Methods - 2-3 pages Results - 2-3 pages Discussion - 3-5 pages Graphics ≤4 tables + figures References ≤30 “Reverse Rules”: Editors Obligations/Priorities 1. To Public: Act as gatekeeper for accurate literature Seek information that advances science and clinical practice Provide readable material that they can trust and will use Establish guidelines & policies “Reverse Rules”: Editors Obligations/Priorities 2. To Authors: Establish guidelines & policies Prompt, fair review Timely decision “Reverse Rules”: Editors Obligations/Priorities 3. To Reviewers: Ask for reviews in areas of expertise Keep them informed about fate of manuscript What happens to a submitted manuscript? The Editor – A Vital Role “with great power comes great responsibility” Create an end product which a respected brand endorses implicitly Pledge ongoing monitoring Filtering Selection Refinement Finalization The Old Days! Electronic Publication – The New Frontier Electronic submissions Electronic reviews Electronic publishing (without redacting) Electronic access to papers http://www.jpeds.com Components of the Editorial Process Editor Associate Editors Editorial Office Managing Editor Editorial Assistants Editorial Board Reviewers Journal Publishers Readers http://www.jpeds.com Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Step 1: Editorial Assistant Reviews MS for completeness & compliance with instructions Flags potential concerns: Conflicts of interest Duplicate publications Copyright problems Poor figures ? return non-compliant MS to Au Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back -Assign to Editor -Initial triage Step 2: Editor-in-Chief Reviews content of MS Does it fit? Screens Assigns to an Associate Editor Step 3: Associate Editor Assesses for quality/content Is it true? (validity) Is it new? (novelty) Who cares? (what is the audience) What next? (what are implications) Checks adherence to reporting guidelines, registration, etc Reporting Guidelines Different for different study types: CONSORT PRIMSA STROBE SQUIRE etc. Review at the time of study design Will remind you of important methodologic considerations www.equator-network.org Guidelines for reporting various types of studies www.equator-network.org Clinical Trial Registration The registration of all clinical trials is a scientific, ethical and moral responsibility Clinical Trial Registration ICMJE initiative requiring prior entry of clinical trials in a public registry as a condition for publication Any intervention study must be registered before patients are enrolled www.clincaltrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov facilitates registration of trials in accordance with ICMJE Applicable Clinical Trials Interventional study of FDA-regulated drug, biologic product, or device Meets one of the following conditions: One or more sites in the US Conducted under FDA investigational NDA or investigational device exemption Manufactured in the US or its territories and exported for research Clinical Trial Registration Ensures trial integrity (consistency of endpoints and analytic plan) Maintains commitment to patients Address selective publication and selective reporting Check journal policy Step 3: Associate Editor Assesses for quality/content Is it true? (validity) Is it new? (novelty) Who cares? (what is the audience) What next? (what are implications) Checks adherence to reporting guidelines, registration, etc DECIDE Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back -Assign to Editor -Initial triage Edit Reject Send to Reviewers Typical Reasons for “Editorial Rejection” Subject matter is not appropriate for the readers of The Journal Format does not fit The Journal Fatal ethical issues – informed consent/IRB, trial registration, COI Obviously unsound science Fatal methodologic flaw (validity) Main point of paper is not novel Writing is unintelligible Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back -Assign to Editor -Initial triage Edit Reject Send to Reviewers Step 4: Reviewer Reads manuscript carefully Advises editors about: Acceptability (science, relevance, novelty) Readability Length Importance Potential ethical issues Step 4 (cont): Reviewer Provides useful and specific comments to the authors and editor re: Unclear areas Tables / Figures (“don’t work”) Typographical errors Back to Editor Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back -Assign to Editor -Initial triage Edit Reject Send to Reviewers Editor Step 5: Associate Editor’s Decision Review comments from reviewers Reassess the manuscript Make preliminary decision: Reject Revise Accept Reviewers advise; Editor’s decide! Special Situations Significant disagreements between reviewers Referral for “consultation” (e.g. statistical) Detection of ethical issues or similar concerns Referral to Editorial Board member for assistance Odyssey of a Manuscript MS Received Incomplete send back -Assign to Editor -Initial triage Edit Reject Send to Reviewers Editor Reject Revise Odyssey of a Manuscript Revision received - Triage - Back to Editor Odyssey of a Manuscript Revision received - Triage Back to - Back to Editor Reviewers Editor decision Odyssey of a Manuscript Revision received - Triage Back to - Back to Editor Reviewers Editor decision Repeat Accept process Revise Odyssey of a Manuscript Revision received - Triage Back to - Back to Editor Reviewers Editor decision To Editors’ Repeat Accept process Revise Meeting Step 6: Presentation at Editors Conference Call Associate Editor presents a summary of the manuscript and reviewers’ comments to the rest of the Editors Final acceptance occurs only after a group discussion Odyssey of a Manuscript Revision received Final - Triage Back to Accept - Back to Editor Reviewers Editing, finalizing MS for submission to Editor decision publisher To Editors’ Repeat Accept process Revise Meeting Step 7: Submission to Publisher Step 7: Submission to Publisher At this point, editorial staff relinquishes active involvement “Ownership” is transferred Authors must work carefully with publisher to assure quality of the “finished product” Editors become re-involved if major changes made in proofs Post-acceptance Embargo: results cannot be released until journal does so Check Guide for Authors re: policy (example: posting the paper on your web page) Post-publication peer review: letter to the editor & authors’ response PubPeer (https://pubpeer.com/) Post-acceptance Additional media: Podcasts Social media promotion of published article (by journal and/or author), etc. Pet Peeves Children with asthma…NOT…asthmatic children Sex vs. gender Bulleted text Too much background in Objectives Rambling Discussions Did I mention poor proofreading and grammar? Resources publicationethics.org www.icmje.org www.wame.org councilscienceeditors.org Resources AMA Manual of Style 10th Edition, 2007 www.amamanalofstyle.com Chicago Manual of Style www.chicagomanualofstyle.org Manuscript Preparation And Submission Objective To help you write a manuscript that highlights what is new and important about your study, shows the rigor of your processes and explains your findings clearly and succinctly to maximize your chances of journal acceptance and impact. Determining your article type Assessing authorship Preparing your manuscript Selecting a journal
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