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Contributions to the Early History of the North-West

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Contributions to the Early History of the North-West » CONTRIBUTIONS EARLY HISTORY OF THE NORTH-WEST, INCLUDIi^G THE MORAVIAN MISSIONS IN OHIO. b; SAMUEL P. HILDRETII, M. D, CINCINNA TI: HITCHCOCK & WALDEN. NEll^ YORK: CARLTON & LANAHAN. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, KY FOE & HITCHCOCK, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of Ohio. JUL 20 192§ J^fierican Unii-ersitj, <5j M f \ A.DYERTISEMENT The following sketches of pioneer life and times ''Yere written by the late Samuel P. Hil- dreth, M. D., and by him given some years since to Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, first Con- troller of the Treasury. On Mr. Whittlesey's death they came by bequest into the possession of T. B. Tait, of Ashtabula county, Ohio, by whom they were sent to our Agents for pub- lication. They relate mainly to scenes and incidents in North-Eastern Ohio, and include a brief account of the Moravian Mission. '^ The author, Dr. Hildreth, was himself a pio- neer and the historian of pioneers. He was a native of Methuen, Essex county, Massachu- setts. In 1806 he commenced the practice of medicine at Marietta, when the place contained 4 ADVERTISEMENT. but six hundred inhabitants, and continued it fifty-five years. In 1861, as he said, "I laid it entirely aside, and am now waiting the time of my departure with resignation and hope." He died at his home in Marietta, July 28, 1863, aged eighty years. The reader will find these pages entertaining and instructive. Some of the events recorded have occurred within the life-time and memory of those yet living, and a few of the actors or witnesses of these scenes still survive. One of them, Joseph Kelly, died since these pages were in the printers' hands. A daughter of the missionary Heckewelder yet lives in Pennsyl- vania, having reached a ripe old age. Doubtless others whose stories are given, are yet with us; but one by one the aged pioneers are passing away, and we welcome this volume to perpetuate their names and deeds to those who enjoy the fruit of their labors. The Editor. CiKCiNNATi, August, 1864. PEEFACE. On the appearance of a new book before the public every reader has the right to inquire the object of the writer in presenting it. In this instance the author's only plea is the desire of preserving from utter loss a few of the many interesting events connected with the early history of this country, which in a few brief years would have been entirely forgotten. They are at present tolerably fresh in the memories of some of the actors themselves, but are fast fading away before the touch of time. Another object was to compare past things with present, and thus better enable the generation of these days to appreciate the trials and sufferings of those who inhabited this now beautiful land when it was covered with 5 6 PREFACE. vast forests, and tenanted by savages and wild beasts. The achievements of these men ought not soon to be forgotten. And last, not least, "was a desire to bring to the light the trials and sufferings of the Moravian missionaries and their Indian converts in Ohio. Very few of the present inhabitants even know that such a mission ever existed, and still fewer are ac- quainted with the particular events connected therewith. Copious extracts have been taken from Loskiel's history, to whom I am indebted for the facts relating to the mission, and many of them in his own language. "With these brief remarks the following pages are presented to the rising generations of the West, accompanied with the wish that they may afford to them as much satisfaction in the reading as they have to me in the writing. COKTEISTTS _ O CHAPTER I. SUMMER RAMBLINGS. PAGE. 1. Facts Gathered ^^ 16 2. A Venerable Pioneer 21 3. A Story of Olden Times CHAPTER II. LEWIS WETZEL. 24 1. Early Training 26 2. A Singular EncEncounter 29 3. Recognition and Reconciliation 30 4. Telling a Savage by his Tracks 30 5. Theory Tested 6. The Pursuit ^2 33 7. The Enemy Overtaken 34 8. Skillful and Successful Attack 36 9. Death op Wetzel CHAPTER III. BORDER SETTLEMENTS. 37 1. Old Fort M'Intosh '^^ 2. Brady's Hill •• 1 O CONTENTS. PAGE. 3. Trapping Excursion 43 4. New Connecticut 46 5. Ravenna 48 6. Brady's Pond 49 7. Brady's Leap 60 CHAPTER IV. INCIDENTS ON THE BORDER. 1. Falls op the Cuyahoga 56 2. Indian Fisheries 58 3. Joseph Kelly, or the Lost Son 59 4. Treaty with the Indians 67 5. Indian Tact 68 6. Cuyahoga Falls 70 7. Tuscarawas 71 8. Fort Laurens 71 9. Siege op Fort Laurens 73 10. Relief op the Garrison 73 CHAPTER V. THE MORAVIAN MISSIONS IN OHIO. 1. SCHOENBRUNN AND THE MORAVIAN MISSIONARIES 76 2. Missionary Enterprise 77 3. John IIeckewelder 80 4. Epidemic Disease 81 5. Migrations op the Christian Indians 82 6. Loskiel's Narrative , 83 7. Incidents on the Route 86 CONTENTS. 9 PAGE. 8. Living Ashes 88 89 9. Removal to Gnadenhutten 91 10. Proceedings of 1774 94 11. Relief Obtained 94 12. Transactions of 1775 95 13. A New Town Built by the Delawares 96 14. Transactions of 1776 96 15. New Station Established....; 16. Indian Baptism 98 CHAPTER VI. THE MORAVIAN MISSIONS — CONTINUED. 1. Transactions of 1777 100 2. Trials of the Missionaries 101 3. schoenbrunn abandoned 102 4. The Delawares conclude to Fight 102 5. Alarms of the Christian Indians 103 6. Engagement between the HuRONS AND Whites 104 7. Progress of the Mission 104 8. Cruelty OF the Indians 105 9. Removal from Gnadenhutten 106 10. Efforts of the British 106 11. Preservation of the Mission 107 12. Transactions of 1779 108 13. Plots AGAINST the Missionaries 108 14. Kindness OF Colonel Gibson 109 15. Salem Built 110 16. Cheering Appearance of the Church Ill 17. Additional Missionaries 112 10 CONTENTS. PA6K. 18. Birth OF THE First White Child 114 19. Transactions OP 1781 115 20. Attack ON the Missionaries 115 21. Interference of a Sorcerer 117 22. Further Aggressions 118 23. Conduct of Believing Indians 121 24. Magnanimity OP AN Indian Female 122 25. Exile op the Missionaries 123 26. Severities OF THE Journey 125 27. Sandusky Creek 126 28. The Missionaries Ordered to Detroit 127 29. Sufferings during the Winter 128 CHAPTER Yll. THE MORAVIAN MISSIONS — CONTINUED. 1. Visit op the Hurons 130 2. Further Troubles of the Mission 131 3. Massacre at Gnadenhutten 132 4. Departure OF the Missionaries 134 6. Dispersion OF THE Christian Indians 134 6. New Gnadenhutten 135 7. News of Peace , 138 8. Transactions of 1784 138 9. Famine AT New Gnadenhutten 139 10. Progress OF New Gnadenhutten 141 11. Transactions OP 1785 142 12. Ravages op the Wolves 142 13. Proceedings at New Gnadenhutten 143 14. The Chippewas Order Them Away 144 CONTENTS. 11 PAGE. 15. Departure FROM New Gnadenhutten 145 16. The Travelers Leave Detroit 146 17. Troubles op the Journey 147 18. Settlement of Pilgerrah 148 19. Remarks 148 20. Proceedings at Pilgerrah 149 21. Departure of Mr. Heckewelder 150 22. Sickness of the Missionaries 150 23. Transactions of 1787 151 24. Removal from Pilgerrah.. 153 25. Great Storm 154 26. Fine Fish 154 27. More Trials and Disappointments 155 28. Removal TO Pettquotting 156 29. Conversion OF A Noted Savage 157 30. Mission History since 1787 158 CHAPTER VIII. CONTINUATION OF BORDER HISTORY. 1. Story of Silver Heels 161 2. Logan's Spring 167 3. First Settlement AT Marietta 170 CHAPTER IX. PIONEER BIOGRAPHY. 1. Isaac Williams 179 2. Story of John Wetzel 183 3. Biography Continued 187 12 CONTENTS. 4. Famine AMONG THE Colonists 189 5. Simple Habits 193 6. Hamilton Kerr 194 CHAPTER X. LEGENDS OF BORDER HISTORY. 1. Legend op Carpenter's Bar 199 CHAPTER XI. MISCELLANEOUS SCRAPS. 1. Description of Fort Harmar 215 2. Escape op R. J. Meigs, Esq 220 3. Description of Campus Martius 227 4. Character of the Pioneers 232 5. The First Preacher in Ohio 233 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE NORTH-WEST. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE NORTH-WEST. CHAPTER I. SUMMER RAMBLINGS. FACTS GATHERED. For a number of years past it has been my practice, during the vernal montlis, to make rambling excursions into distant and remote parts of tbe Western settlements, for the double purpose of amusement and the collection of the useful facts in relation to geology, and to early history of the country. There is a fresh- ness and youthfulness over the face of the earth gratify during this season of the year which is cheer- ing to the senses, and highly promotive of fulness and kindly affections. During these 15 — 16 EARLY HISTORY OF THE NORTH-WEST. periods I have been enabled to gather up many interesting facts connected with the early settle- ment of the " near "West," especially that por- tion of it lying east of the Muskingum Eiver. It is only in this way that some few of ^Hhe thousand and one adventures," and suflferings of that brave and hardy race of men, who first settled on the western side of the Alleghanies, can be preserved from the oblivion to which they are rapidly hastening. The period of human life is so short, that most of the actors in and the cotemporaries of those events have akeady passed away; a few, however, are still living. A VENERABLE PIONEER. Only a few days since I saw and conversed with one of these venerable and aged pioneers Peter Anderson—who had resided on the banks of the Ohio for sixty-six years, or since the year A.
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