Results of the Systematization
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TCP/MEX/3103/MEX (1) STRATEGY OF PROMOTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN AND PERIURBAN AGRICULTURE IN THE STATE OF PUEBLA RESULTS OF THE SYSTEMATIZATION JANUARY 2011 MARÍA DEL CARMEN CULEBRO TREJO OFFICER IN CHARGE FAOR-MEXICO SARA GRANADOS GROUP OF URBAN AND PERIURBAN AGRICULTURE FAO-RLC SALVADOR DE LA CRUZ GARCÍA PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT-SYSTEMATIZATION EUGENIO CEDILLO PORTUGAL NATIONAL CONSULTANT-SYSTEMATIZATION ING. GUSTAVO JIMÉNEZ AGUAYO MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT-PUEBLA ING. ENRIQUE REYES ALTAMIRANO GENERAL MANAGER OF SERVICES AND TECHNICAL SUPPORTS FÉLIX JIMÉNEZ BAUTISTA DIRECTOR OF FOOD SECURITY Presentation Food security is the worries in clearly growth for many countries, organisms and forums in recent years. But not only worry is the motive of design and implementation of different actions and programs by means of, with diverse shades, looks for improve in a systematic way the availability and access of the most unprotected settlers of the population to a greater offering of food. On hand of the previous thing, also seeks to impact in that the access to the food be permanent for such social groups, hand in hand of the improvement in the endowment of services that complement or make possible the suitable consumption and utilization of these on the part of the neediest population. In Mexico several federative entities since they have involved of the mere worry and discussion on this concept to putting in practice of concrete actions tending to affect in improving the food security of the social groups of minor income, both urban and rural. Puebla is one of such states where, in the herein described perspective, the Urban and Periurban Agriculture Program began since 2007 and has been kept until 2010. Along its operation, the common denominator to its philosophy, objectives, components, target population and geographical coverage, is the promotion of the food autoproduction on the part of families of limited resources, in order to advance towards a major food security in the Entity. Though the name of the Program has been changing, a bit to the side of similar programs in other states of the country, is interesting the evolution of two fundamental aspects in this one, namely: a) The components.- To involve from those purely of agricultural type up to cattle and aquiculture. b) The geographic coverage.- Since initiated in urban marginal zones to extend and cover at present also the rutal areas in the whole State. Of the previous thing turns out to be clear the intention of the Government of the State of impacting the geography of the people of Puebla in length and width ways, improving the availability of foods for the families of scanty resources. In addition, the Program recognizes the capacity of the beneficiaries to develop skills, competences and knowledge in the managing of the cultures and the minor cattle, with base in the training and agricultural extension, using in a rational way the water and the soil, notably scanty resources, as well as the application of agroecology technologies for the managing of plagues and diseases. Now then, there is evident the importance that in the frame of the Program is given to the food production, minimizing or relegating to the second term other complementary aspects that also need attention in order to advance towards a major food security. These have been seen in an important way with the specific utilization of the food and the stability to the access of these. These aspects meet influenced and/or determined by diverse factors, in a well- known way for the necessary incursion on the markets of the families that take part in the Program and the existence or not of access to basic services as drinkable water, sewer and medical attention. The previous thing raises important challenges to be able to advance of the strictly quantitative thing (the availability of more food), towards its qualitative complementarity; it is to say, the improvement in the food practices of the families that take part in the Program, with everything what it implies to institutional and social level in view of the limited access to basic services and infrastructure of many families. Likewise, the operation of the programme offers the opportunity to advance in the utilization of the organic garbage, to re-position the woman inside the participant families and to coordinate actions with other programs and institutions of all the governmental levels. This with base in the food and productive culture of the different regions of the Entity. I. Introduction To introduce, it worth to mention that in this work one seeks to define the elements of normative, institutional and functional design of the Program, as its intention and nature, which can offer permanency and establish the areas of opportunity in order to improve it. Also, is necessary to establish that this work is not, and neither it tries to be, an evaluation of results of the Program in the Entity. Saying in a simple way, here one seeks to systematize the elements that, in it case, will allow that the Program should continue and the challenges to overcoming in benefit of improving the efficiency and effectiveness in its operation. Established the previous thing and from a methodological perspective, this work departs from the review of two basic elements: i) The institutional nature of the Secretariat of Rural Development of the Government of the State, which is the person in charge of the operation of the Program. ii) The Rules of Operation published from 2007 and updated for the years 2009 and 2010. During the three fiscal years on which the Program has been operated, the Food Security has constituted one of the columns on which the Government of the State has tried to find to guarantee the food improvement of the population of scanty resources in the Entity, in tune with the State Plan of Development 2005 - 2011 and established in the Law of Rural Sustainable Development of the State of Puebla. This constitutes the institutional and normative context under this Program burned and on which actions have developed. In a formal way, the Program activities began in the year 2007 with the name of: "Basic Units of Food Production in Urban Zones 2007 Program, in the Municipalities of Acatlán, Acatzingo, Atlixco, Chalchicomula of Sesma, Chignahuapan, Huauchinango, Huejotzingo, Izúcar of Matamoros, Libres, Puebla, Rafael Lara Grajales, San Martin Texmelucan, San Pedro Cholula, Tecamachalco, Tehuacán, Tepeaca, Teziutlán, Xicotepec and Zacatlán in the State of Puebla ". At first, the eligible population was composed by the families of low income that live in the outlying zones of conglomerated urban of the 19th municipalities mentioned in the name of the Program. This way was established in the Rules of Operations. Now then, the focusing of the actions in terms of its target population, initially combined two basic elements: a) The low income of this population, with the consistent need to possess major availability and food variety for the members of these families. b) The rural origin of many of these families that managed to live in the suburbs of the cities. These characteristics of the eligible population were clearly orientated to the potential materialization of two operative basic aspects: i) A food significant improvement of the families, not only in quantity, but also in quality during important periods in the year, due to their precarious levels of income. ii) The adoption of technologies and the development of skills, capacities and knowledge to establish, follow-up and conclude with their harvest of their cultures that were included initially. This based on the rural origin and the agricultural culture of great part of the beneficiary families. This combination proves itself a great success, due to the intentions and nature in general of the Program. On the other hand, the supports granted to those who take part in the benefits of the Program have been orientated towards two principal components: a) The funding of actives. - That include basic infrastructure, inputs and equipment for the good functioning of the basic unit of food production. To micro level, this supports the capitalization of the homes. b) The support with professional services . - Granted by specialists of the agricultural branch (extenders or lenders of professional services), for the diagnosis, training and establishment of the basic units of food production. On hand of the previous component, this constitutes a route of transfer of production technology to the beneficiaries and their families. For the instrumentation of the Program, since 2007 Rules of Operation were designed for this first exercise, which was tried to give a clear course and establish the fundamental bases of this one. Is clear in the above mentioned Rules that the fundamental aspect that orientated the actions was the food autoproduction on part of the eligible families in the backyard of their houses, starting from training groups and advising for the managing of the cultures, and the endowment of the getting basic elements , as are the facilities and inputs. With the training groups and the establishment of cultures on a small scale, the need was perceived and, at the same time the possibility of extending the Program in two important directions: 1. The components. - Including some of cattle and aquiculture type, on which minor ranching of backyard was included and species of sweet water as the tilapia. 2 2. The geography- Spreading to families that live in rural way, but that need to have major quantity and food diversity. The diversification of components and major geographical coverage of the Program have been such that, at present, there are more than 13 thousand families taking part and expects the possibility of incorporating a significantly big number in additional form. Evidently this aspect of growth raises several challenges in order not to distort the nature of the contemplated actions.