DOCSLIB.ORG

Relationships of South-East Australian Species of Senecio (Compositae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

eq lq ðL RELATIONSHIPS OF SOUTH-EAST AUSTR.ALTAN SPECIES OF SENECIo(CoMPoSITAE)DEDUCEDFRoMSTUDIESoF MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS by Margaret Elizabeth Lawrence, B.Sc. (Hons') Department of Botany, University of Adelaide ii Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide Mayr 1981 l \t l ûr¿a.,"lto( ? 4t ' "'-' 'l-" "l DECLARATION This thesis conÈains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any University. To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another persont except where due reference is rnade in the text' Margaret E. Lawrence ACKNOWTEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Dr. D. c. christophel for supervising this project which was completed. in the laboratories of the Department of Botany, university of Adelaide. I am especially grateful to professor P. G. Martin for his continuing advice and helpful criticism of the cytogenetic section of the work. Thanks are also due to Mr. A. Floyd, FOreStry cOrnmission, New South Wales, for collecting material of Senecig amygdalifolius; Dr. Th. Muller, NatiOnal llerbarium, Rhodesiarfor providing seed of S. discifolius Professor B. L. Turner, University of Texast Austin, fot advice concerning cytological techniques and Dr' R' O' Belcher, Ypsilanti, l4ichígan, for communicating techniques for cross-pollination experiments. l4y gratitude is expressed to the National Parks and wildlife services of south Australia, Victoria and New South VIaIes for providing collecting permits, and to the park rangers for their assistance and. direction. I am also grateful to the directors and curators at the Adetaide (AD) I Sydney (SYD) and Melbourne (MEt) Herbaria for enabling me to examine collections. My thanks to colleagues in t,he Department for many st,imulating discussions and for assistance with a variety of techniques' special thanks are due to Dr. D. T. Blackburn for help with computing problems and to Ms. J. Gibbs-clema for typing the manuscript. I am also extremely grateful to Dr. O. Zarucki, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Lawrence and many others unnamed here, who have helped in a varietY of waYs. The research was financed by a commonwealth Postgraduate Research Award., which f wish to acknowledge. TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I Summary I CHAPTER 1 General Introduction 6 1.1 Evolutionary processes and very large genera 6 L.2 ListinÇ of species and geographic range of study 9 1.3 Taxonomic history of Senecioneae and Senecio I4 1.3.1 Senecioneae t5 1. 3.I.1 General treatments 15 1.3.1.2 Genera of Senecioneae occurring in Australia I8 1.3.2 Senecio I8 1.3.2.1 General treatments 18 L.3.2.2 Species of Senecio occurring in Australia 19 CHAPTER 2 l4orphological variation and Descriptive Terminolögy 24 2.I Introduction 26 2.2 lvlaterials and methods 27 2. 3 Vegetative characteristics 28 2.4 The inflorescence 28 2.5 The involucre and recePtacle 29 2.6 Distribution of florets within capitula 31 2.7 The corolla 32 2.7 .L Shape 32 2.7 .2 Venation 32 2.7 .3 Pubescence 32 2.7.4 Ligule colour and ePidermis 33 2.8 The pappus 33 2.9 The androecium 34 2.9.I Filament collar 35 2.9.2 Ant.her base 35 2.9.3 Endothecal tissue 36 2.9.4 Apical appendage 36 2.L0 Gynoecium 37 2.10.I Style branches 37 2.L0.2 Style base and nectarY 37 2.L0.3 Ovary wall- crystals 3B 2.IL The achene 39 2.11.1 Pubescence and mucilaginous properties 39 2.Ll-.2 Surface sculPturing 39 2.LJ-.3 Polymorphisms 40 2.L2 "Senecioid" and "cacalioid" characteristícs 4L CHAPTER 3 Morphology and Systematics 43 3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Senecioneae 45 3.2.I General description of tribe 45 3.2.2 Key to genera in Australia 48 3.3 Australian species of Senecio 5I 3.3.1 General dsecriPtign 51 3.3.2 Key to aII species 53 3.4 Descriptions and discussion of systematics of Senecio species 65 3.4.L Radiate species 66 3.4.2 Discoid species 116 3.4.3 Erechthitoid species 131 3.4.4 Exotic species 165 3.4.5 Sterile hybrids wrongly given taxonomic status L75 3.5 Species from other genera L77 3. 5.1 Arrhenechtites mixta r77 3. 5. 2 Erechtites'valerianaefolia 181 3 .5.3 Bedfordia salicina r83 3.6 Relatíonships deduced from morphological evidence 186 186 3 . 6. 1 Primit.ive character states 3.6.2 Groups of sPecies 189 3.6.3 Degree of evolutionary advancement 193 3. 6. 4 Phylogenetic sPeculations 198 3.7 Index to species descriptions and líst of species not included 203 TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 2 CHAPTER 4 ReProductive BiologY 205 4.I Introduction 206 4.2 Materials and methods 208 4.2.I Glasshouse trials 209 4.2.2 Pollen-ovule ratios 2LL 4.2.3 Seed size and number 2II 4.2.4 Seedling establishment 2L2 4.2.5 Longevity 2L2 4.3 Results and observations 2I2 4.3.1 Direct and indirect evidence of breeding systems 2L2 4.3.2 Observations of floral biology 2L8 4.3.3 Pollen vectors 2L9 4.4 Discussion 220 4.4.1 lr{ode of reproduction 220 4.4.2 Breeding systems 220 4.4.3 Breeding systems and generation length 22L 4.4.4 Seed síze and number 223 4.4.-5 Dispersal potential 225 4.4. 6 Seedling establishment 226 4.4.7 Combinations of reproductive traits: r- and K-selection 228 4.5 Conclusions 235 CHAPTER 5 Recombination in Senecio 237 5.1 Introduction 238 5.2 Materials and method 240 5.3 Results and discussion 24L 5. 3. 1 Chromosome numbers 24r 5.3.1.1 Ploidy distributions in Senecio 24] 5.3.1.2 Polyploidy and recombination 249 5.3.1.3 Polyploidy and speciation 25r 5.3.2 Effects of chiasma frequency and position 253 5.3.3 Effects of breeding sYstems 255 5.3.4 Effects of generation lengths 257 5.3.5 Pair-wise associations of regulatory factors 258 5.3.5.1 Breeding system and generation length 259 5.3.5.2 Breeding system and chromosome number 26I 5.3.5.3 Breeding system and chiasma frequency 26L 5.3.5.4 Generation length and chrOmosome number 264 5.3.5.5 Generation length and chiasma frequency 264 5.3.5.6 Chiasma frequency and chromosome number the "Recombination Index" 265 5.3.6 Recombination systems in Senecio 267 5.4 Conclusions 272 CHAPTER 6 Nuclear DNA Amounts 277 6.1 Introduction 278 6.2 Maberials and methods 28O 6.2.I Source of material 280 6.2.2 Feulgen stain and SOZ water 28]. 6.2.3 Cultivation 28r 6.2.4 Preparation of slides 28r 6.2.5 Measurement of DNA amount 283 6.2.6 Analysis of results 284 6.2.7 Hydrolysis'times and root tip sizes 284 6.2.8 Selection of a calibration standard 286 6.2 .9 CeIl volumes 287 6.3 Results and discussion 287 6.3.1 Terminology 287 6.3.2 Compar,ison of calibration standards 288 6.3.3 Reliabitity of DNA estimates and size of s ignif icant dif f erences 290 6.3.4 Interspecific differences in DNA amounts 292 6.3.5 Intraspecific differences in DNA amounts 296 6.3. 6 Nucleotypic effects 298 6.3.6.1 Size of structures 299 6.3.6.2 Ce1l cycle times 3 00 6. 3 . 6. 3 Minimum generation times 302 6.3.7 Nature of changes in DNA amounts 304 6.3.8 Speculations on the direction of changes in DNA amounts 3 06 6.4 Conclusions 3r2 CHAPTER 7 Karyotypes 314 7 .L Introduct.ion 315 7 .2 MaLerials and methods 316 7 .2.L Karyotype construction 316 7 .2.2 Interspecific comparisons 318 7.3 Results and discussion 325 7.3.1 Illustration of karyotyPes 325 7.3.2 Comparison of karyotypes 326 7.3.2.L Size of significant diff erences 326 7.3.2.2 Interpretation of data 326 7 .3.2.3 Relationships deduced from percentage similarities 327 7 .3.2.4 Satellite chromosomes 331 7 -3-3 Karyotype symmetry and' evolutionary advancement 334 7.3.4 Changes in absolute chromosome si-ze 339 7.3.5 The basic chromosome number of Seriecio 34 0 7.3.5.1 Karyotype symmetry and absolute chromosome size 342 7.3.5.2 The number of satellite chromosomes 343 7.4 ConclusÍons 345 CHAPTER B Natural and Synthetíc Hybrids 347 8.1 Introduction 348 8.2 Materials and methods 349 8.3 Results and discussion 350 8.3.1 Natural hybrids 350 8.3.1.1 Characteristics of hybrid' and parent plants 350 8.3.I.2 Evidence used to determine parent species 361 8.3.1.3 Pollen and seed development 363 8. 3. 2 Crossing programs 365 8.3.2. I Program I 367 8.3.2.2 Program 2 370 8. 3. 3 Extended studies of S. pt'erophorus x S. hypoleucus 370 8.3.3.1 Frequency of natural hybridization 37L 8.3.3.2 Likelihood of fertile hybrid formation 373 8.3.3.3 Evidence of additive gene effects 374 8.3.4 The rayed gene complex in Senecio 375 8.3.5 origins of decaploid species 377 8.3.6 Hybridization and polyploidy in Senecio and Senecioneae 379 CHAPTER 9 General Conclusions 383 9.1 Systematics of Senecioneae in Australia 384 9.1.I The generic status of species examined 384 9.L.2 Subdivisions of Australian spec ies of Senecio 387 9.2 The application of current evolutionary theories 38 9 9.2.L r- and K-selection 38 9 9.2.2 Recombination sYstems 390 9.2.3 The C-value Paradox 392 9.2.
Recommended publications
  • Asteraceae), Cape Barren Island, Tasmania

    Asteraceae), Cape Barren Island, Tasmania

    Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 140, 2006 35 ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON A REMOTE MONTANE OCCURRENCE OF BEDFORD/A ARBORESCENS {ASTERACEAE), CAPE BARREN ISLAND, TASMANIA by Stephen Harris and Eve Lazarus (with six plates, six text-figures, three tables and one appendix) Harris, S. & Lazarus, E. 2006 (30:xi): Ecological observations on a remote montane occurrence of Bedfardia arborescens (Asteraceae), Cape Barren Island, Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society of Tasmania 140: 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.140.35 ISSN 0080-4703. Biodiversity Conservation Branch, Department of Primary Industries and Water, GPO Box 44, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (SH*, EL). *Au thor for correspondence. Bedfardia arborescens Hochr. is a tree listed under the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 and is known in Tasmania only from an outlying population in cloud forest on Mt Munro, Cape Barren Island in the Furneaux Group. While the species is a common component of some rainforest and mixed forest in southeast mainland Australia, the outlying population on Cape Barren Island has apparently been eroded by a high fire frequency over the previous 200 years. The species occupies an ecological zone that is marginal to Atherosperma moschatum Labill.-dominated rainforest. Some stands occur adjacent to grasslands separated by a sharp ecological boundary. Even-aged cohorts represent the population structure on the mountain with no evidence of recent regeneration in or adjacent to any particular stand. A range of different aged cohorts occurs within the forest across the mountain. Mt Munro intercepts cloud moisture, resulting in the development of a cloud forest and a steep precipitation gradient between Mt Munro and the nearby coast.
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
  • Common Plants at the UHCC

    Common Plants at the UHCC

    Flora Checklist Texas Institute for Coastal Prairie Research and Education University of Houston Donald Verser created this list by combining lists from studies by Grace and Siemann with the UHCC herbarium list Herbarium Collections Family Scientific Name Synonym Common Name Native Growth Accesion Dates Locality Comments Status Habit Numbers Acanthaceae Ruellia humilis fringeleaf wild petunia N forb 269 10/9/1973 Acanthaceae Ruellia nudiflora violet wild petunia N forb Agavaceae Manfreda virginica false aloe N forb Agavaceae Polianthes sp. polianthes ? forb 130 8/3/1971 2004 roadside Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans eastern poison ivy N woody/vine Apiaceae Centella erecta Centella asiatica erect centella N forb 36 4/11/2000 Area 2 Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace I forb 139-142 1971 / 72 No collections by Dr. Brown. Perhaps Apiaceae Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth's eryngo N forb 144 7/20/1971 wooded area in pipeline ROW E. hookeri instead? Apiaceae Eryngium yuccifolium button eryngo N forb 77,143,145 71, 72, 2000 Apiaceae Polytaenia texana Polytaenia nuttallii Texas prairie parsley N forb 32 6/6/2002 Apocynaceae Amsonia illustris Ozark bluestar N Forb 76 3/24/2000 Area 4 Apocynaceae Amsonia tabernaemontana eastern bluestar N Forb Aquifoliaceae Ilex vomitoria yaupon N woody Asclepiadaceae Asclepias lanceolata fewflower milkweed N Forb Not on Dr. Brown's list. Would be great record. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias longifolia longleaf milkweed N Forb 84 6/7/2000 Area 6 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed N Forb 35 6/7/2002 Area 7 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias viridis green antelopehorn N Forb 63, 92 1974 & 2000 Asteraceae Acmella oppositifolia var.
  • Winter 2014-2015 (22:3) (PDF)

    Winter 2014-2015 (22:3) (PDF)

    Contents NATIVE NOTES Page Fern workshop 1-2 Wavey-leaf basket Grass 3 Names Cacalia 4 Trip Report Sandstone Falls 5 Kate’s Mountain Clover* Trip Report Brush Creek Falls 6 Thank yous memorial 7 WEST VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER News of WVNPS 8 VOLUME 22:3 WINTER 2014-15 Events, Dues Form 9 Judy Dumke-Editor: [email protected] Phone 740-894-6859 Magnoliales 10 e e e visit us at www.wvnps.org e e e . Fern Workshop University of Charleston Charleston WV January 17 2015, bad weather date January 24 2015 If you have thought about ferns, looked at them, puzzled over them or just want to know more about them join the WVNPS in Charleston for a workshop led by Mark Watson of the University of Charleston. The session will start at 10 A.M. with a scheduled end point by 12:30 P.M. A board meeting will follow. The sessions will be held in the Clay Tower Building (CTB) room 513, which is the botany lab. If you have any pressed specimens to share, or to ask about, be sure to bring them with as much information as you have on the location and habitat. Even photographs of ferns might be of interest for the session. If you have a hand lens that you favor bring it along as well. DIRECTIONS From the North: Travel I-77 South or 1-79 South into Charleston. Follow the signs to I-64 West. Take Oakwood Road Exit 58A and follow the signs to Route 61 South (MacCorkle Ave.).
  • Vascular Flora of Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf Shelley Heiss-Dunlop & Jo Fillery

    Vascular Flora of Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf Shelley Heiss-Dunlop & Jo Fillery

    Vascular flora of Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf Shelley Heiss-Dunlop & Jo Fillery Introduction 1988). A total of 141 species (including 14 ferns) were Motuora Island lies in the Hauraki Gulf southwest of recorded. Exotic plants confined to the gardens Kawau Island, approximately 3km from Mahurangi around the buildings at Home Bay were not included Heads, and 5km from Wenderholm Regional Park, in Dowding’s (1988) list. Dowding (1988) commented Waiwera. This 80ha island is long and narrow on four adventive species that were “well-established” (approximately 2km x c. 600m at its widest) with a and that “may present problems” (presumably for a relatively flat top, reaching 75m asl. The land rises future restoration project). These species were abruptly, in places precipitously, from the shoreline so boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera), boxthorn that the area of the undulating ‘level’ top is (Lycium ferocissimum), gorse (Ulex europaeus) and comparatively extensive. Composed of sedimentary kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). All four strata from the Pakiri formation of the Waitemata species still require ongoing control. However, as a Group (Lower Miocene age, approximately 20 million years old), Motuora is geologically similar to other result of ongoing weed eradication endeavours, inner Hauraki gulf islands such as Tiritiri Matangi, boxthorn has been reduced to a few isolated sites, Kawau, Waiheke and Motuihe Islands (Ballance 1977; and boneseed once widespread on the island is Edbrooke 2001). considerably reduced also, occurring in high densities now only on the northern end of the island (Lindsay History 2006). Gorse and kikuyu are controlled where these Motuora Island was farmed, from as early as 1853 species inhibit revegetation plantings.
  • Applicant's Environmental Report –

    Applicant's Environmental Report –

    Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant License Renewal Application Appendix E - Environmental Report Applicant’s Environmental Report – Operating License Renewal Stage Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Nuclear Management Company, LLC Units 1 and 2 Docket Nos. 50-282 and 50-306 License Nos. DPR-42 and DPR-60 April 2008 Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant License Renewal Application Appendix E - Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................... xi 1.0 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION ................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction and Background........................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Statement of Purpose and Need .................................................................. 1-2 1.3 Environmental Report Scope and Methodology ........................................... 1-3 1.4 Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Licensee and Ownership ............... 1-4 1.5 References ................................................................................................ 1-7 2.0 SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES............................................. 2-1 2.1 General Site Description............................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Regional Features and General Features in the 6-Mile Vicinity............................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.2 PINGP Site Features......................................................................
  • Compositae Giseke (1792)

    Compositae Giseke (1792)

    Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina VITTO, LUIS A. DEL; PETENATTI, E. M. ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL Multequina, núm. 18, 2009, pp. 87-115 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42812317008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL ASTERACEAE OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE. FIRST PART. MORPHOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC SYNOPSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE AND PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE LUIS A. DEL VITTO Y E. M. PETENATTI Herbario y Jardín Botánico UNSL, Cátedras Farmacobotánica y Famacognosia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ej. de los Andes 950, D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina. [email protected]. RESUMEN Las Asteráceas incluyen gran cantidad de especies útiles (medicinales, agrícolas, industriales, etc.). Algunas han sido domesticadas y cultivadas desde la Antigüedad y otras conforman vastas extensiones de vegetación natural, determinando la fisonomía de numerosos paisajes. Su uso etnobotánico ha ayudado a sustentar numerosos pueblos. Hoy, unos 40 géneros de Asteráceas son relevantes en alimentación humana y animal, fuentes de aceites fijos, aceites esenciales, forraje, miel y polen, edulcorantes, especias, colorantes, insecticidas, caucho, madera, leña o celulosa.
  • Pesticidal Plants

    Pesticidal Plants

    Pesticidal Plants • Philip C. • Philip Stevenson, R. Steven Belmain and Murray B. Isman Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Edited by Philip C. Stevenson, Steven R. Belmain and Murray B. Isman Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Pesticidal Plants Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman University of Greenwich University of Greenwich University of British Columbia UK UK Canada Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/Pesticidal). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-788-8 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-789-5 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Philip C. Stevenson. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
  • Threatened Plants of Northland

    Threatened Plants of Northland

    Pimelea arenaria sensu stricto sand daphne Status Gradual Decline Description A low spreading, silky-haired shrub in the daphne family, that grows to 400 mm tall. Often, branches are buried in sand so one plant can form a mound and cover quite a large area. Branches are usually erect Recent record and up to 400 mm high. The branchlets and undersides of leaves are Historic record densely covered in hairs that lie flat, giving it a silvery appearance. Leaves are elliptic to oblong but sometimes rounded, 5–7 mm long by 3–5 mm wide. Similar species Pimelea prostrata is similar but the leaves are hairy on both sides and it has a sprawling habit. Pimelea tomentosa is also similar but has an upright habit, and leaves that are linear to lanceolate. Habitat Coastal sand dunes. Distribution This plant is endemic to the North Island and has two distinct forms, of which one is further restricted to Northland. Threats The major threats are habitat loss (through development for housing and plantings to stabilise moving sand) and vehicles on beaches disturbing sand dunes. Pimelea arenaria Comment Photo: C.C. Ogle. The tough, fibrous bark was formerly used by Maori as cord. 48 Pimelea tomentosa Status Serious Decline Description An erect, grey-green, leafy shrub ≤ 1 m. Branches are slender, and straight, with prominent leaf scars. Bark is orange-brown. Young branchlets have whitish hairs. The grey-green, soft lance-shaped leaves Recent record are up to 25 mm long, with pale silky hairs on their undersides. The Historic record blacky fleshy fruits are very conspicuous, terminating the branch ends wherever flowers have been present.
  • Wood Anatomy of the Endemic Woodyasteraceae of St Helena I

    Wood Anatomy of the Endemic Woodyasteraceae of St Helena I

    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (2001), 13.7: 197—210. With 27 figures doi:10.1006/bojl.2001.0483, available online at httpV/www.idealibrary.com on IDE Wood anatomy of the endemic woody Asteraceae of St Helena I: phyletic and ecological aspects SHERWIN CARLQUIST FLS Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA Received January 2001; accepted for publication June 2001 Quantitative and qualitative data are given for samples of mature wood of all eight species of woody Asteraceae, representing three tribes, of St Helena I. The quantitative features of all except one species are clearly mesomorphic, corresponding to their mesic central ridge habitats. Corn midendrum rugosum has more xeromorphic wood features and occurs in dry lowland sites. Commidendrum species are alike in their small vessel pits and abundant axial parenchyma. Melanodendrum agrees with Corn inidendrum in having fibre dimorphism and homogeneous type II rays. The short fibres in both genera are storied and transitional to axial parenchyma. Elongate crystals occur in ray cells of only two species of Corn midendrum, suggesting that they are closely related. Wood of Commidendrum and Melanodendrum is similar to that of the shrubby genus Felicia, thought closely related to Commidendrum on molecular bases. Corn midendrum and Melanodendrum have probably increased in woodiness on St Helena, but are derived from shrubby ancestors like today’s species of Felicia. Petrobiurn wood is paedomorphic and indistinguishable from that of Bidens, from which Petrobium is likely derived. The two senecionid species (Senecio leucadendron = Pladaroxylon leucadendron; and Senecio redivivus =Lachanodes arborea, formerly Lachanodes prenanthiflora) also show paedomorphic wood.
  • Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino

    Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino

    Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1).
  • The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell

    The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Backdrop to encounter: the 1770 landscape of Botany Bay, the plants collected by Banks and Solander and rehabilitation of natural vegetation at Kurnell Doug Benson1 and Georgina Eldershaw2 1Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] 2Parks & Wildlife Division, Dept of Environment and Conservation (NSW), PO Box 375 Kurnell NSW 2231 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] Abstract: The first scientific observations on the flora of eastern Australia were made at Botany Bay in April–May 1770. We discuss the landscapes of Botany Bay and particularly of the historic landing place at Kurnell (lat 34˚ 00’ S, long 151˚ 13’ E) (about 16 km south of central Sydney), as described in the journals of Lieutenant James Cook and Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage in 1770. We list 132 plant species that were collected at Botany Bay by Banks and Daniel Solander, the first scientific collections of Australian flora. The list is based on a critical assessment of unpublished lists compiled by authors who had access to the collection of the British Museum (now Natural History Museum), together with species from material at National Herbarium of New South Wales that has not been previously available. The list includes Bidens pilosa which has been previously regarded as an introduced species. In 1770 the Europeans set foot on Aboriginal land of the Dharawal people. Since that time the landscape has been altered in response to a succession of different land-uses; farming and grazing, commemorative tree planting, parkland planting, and pleasure ground and tourist visitation.