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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87134-1 - The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Franklin Edited by Carla Mulford Index More information

INDEX

Academie´ Royale des Sciences 20 (see also Associators, Pennsylvania 123 Royal Academy of Sciences, Paris) Augustine 166–67 Academy of Philadelphia 4, 52, 105 Bache, Benjamin Franklin 18, 153 Adams, John 60–61, 80 Bache, Sarah (“Sally”) Franklin 117, 119, Adams, Matthew 52 125–29 Adanson, Michel, as author of Voyage to Bache, William 129 Senegal 16 Bacon, Francis 66, 71, 91 Addison, Joseph 37, 59 Banks, Joseph 63 as author of Cato 25 Barlowe, Arthur 145 as co-creator, with Richard Steele, of The Bartram, John 14 Spectator 38–39, 58 Batavian Society, Holland 57 Adorno, Theodor W. 87 Behrends, Johann Adolf 50 Aepinus, Franz Maria Ulrich Theodor Hoch Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology 72–73 138 Aitken, Robert 19 Bentham, Jeremy 82–83 Albany Plan of Union (1754) 4, 6 as author of Introduction to the Principles d’Alembert, Jean le Rond, as co-compiler of of Morals and Legislation 82 the Encyclopedia 134–35 Berkeley, George, Bishop 59 Almanac tradition 1 Bible 28, 32, 41, 47 American Academy of Arts and Sciences 20, as King James version 32 73 Bigelow, John 162–64, 166 American Philosophical Society 4, 14–15, Blackmore, Richard 33 20–22, 51, 52, 57, 72–73, 105 Blake, John L. 152 Transactions of 15, 73 Boerhaave, Hermann 17 American Revolution 9, 15, 30, 45, 63, 73, Bond, Thomas 14–15 80, 117–20, 123, 129, 135 Bowdoin, James 16 American Society, see American Bowle’s Moral Pictures; or, Poor Richard Philosophical Society Illustrated . . . 150 Andrews, Jedediah 32 Boyle, Robert 64 Aquinas, Thomas 134 London lectures by 64 Aristotle 134 Braddock, Edward, Gen. 4 as natural philosopher 66 Brientnall, Joseph 55 Art of Making Money Plenty in Everyman’s Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin Pocket, The 150 d’Hardancourt 60 Articles of Confederation 6 British Empire 9, 51, 124 Associates of Dr. Bray 59 Brownrigg, Mary 17

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Brownrigg, William, as author of Art of Constitutions of the Thirteen United States Making Common Salt 16–17 of America 120 as co-author, with Franklin, of Of the Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Stilling of Waves by Means of Oil 17 Shaftesbury 54, 92, 126 Bryan, William Jennings 142 as author of Letter Concerning Burke, Aedanus, as author of Considerations Enthusiasm 126 on the Society or Order of as author of Sensus Communis 54 Cincinnati . . . 127–28 Copernicus 66 Burke, Edmund, as author of Reflections on Covey, Stephen 168 the Revolution in France 81 Crockett, Davy 167–68 Burnet, Gilbert 11 Cutler, Manasseh 18 as author Rights of Princes 11 Dampier, William 68, 73 History of the Reformation 11 Dante, 11 History of His Own Time 11 De Quincey, Thomas 166 Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles Declaration of Independence 13, 43 11 Definitive Treaty between Great Britain, and Burnet, William 11–12 the United States of America . . . , The library of 11–12 120 Byrd, William 12 Defoe, Daniel 39 library of 21–22 Denham, Thomas 95 Dennie, Joseph 153 Calvin, John 132–33 as author of Prospectus of a New Weekly Calvinism, beliefs associated with 91–93, Paper . . . 153 95, 100–01, 132–33, 140 Desaguliers, Theophilus, as author of A Carey, Mathew 160–64 Course of Experimental Philosophy Carnegie, Andrew 132, 136–39, 142 69 as author of The Gospel of Wealth 136 Descartes, Rene´ 66–72 as Lord Rector, St. Andrews University as author of Principia Philosophiae 66 138 Descriptions des Arts et Metiers´ 20 estate at Skibo Castle, Scotland 138 Dewey, John 104, 110–14 Carnegie, Dale 168 Diderot, Denis, as co-compiler of Carpenter’s Hall 20 Encyclopedia 134–35 Case, Wheeler, as compiler of Poems Donne, John, as author of Poems 13–14 occasioned by several Dougall, Richardson 121–23 circumstances . . . 124 Dryden, John 14, 37–38, 59 Chaucer 11 as author of Discourses Concerning . . . Cincinnati,see Society of the Cincinnati Satire 38 Cincinnatus 119, 125–29 DuBois,W.E.B. 140 Clemens, Orion 151 Dufief, Nicholas Gouin 21–22 Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain) 33, 151, Duke de la Rochefoucauld, see François VI 153 Dylan, Bob 169 as author of The Mysterious Stranger 33 as author of “The Late Benjamin Edwards, Jonathan 25, 112 Franklin” 168 Einstein, Albert 72–74 Clubs Eliot, Jared 56 in London 5, 59 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 110–14, 154–55 see also Franklin, Benjamin, Junto of Encyclopaedia Britannica 37 Cobbett, William 153 Everett, Edward 151 Colden, Cadwallader 56, 108, 112 Collins, Anthony 92 Farmer’s Road to Wealth, The 150 Collinson, Peter 56, 70 Farrand, Max 169 Communication networks 1 Federal Gazette 45–46

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Felton, Silas 150, 167, 169 in London, England 64, 93 Ferguson, Adam, as author of An Essay on in Passy, France 2, 6, 60–61 the History of Civil Society 88 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 11: Ford, Henry 132, 142 General Magazine, The 58; François VI, Duke de la Rochefoucauld 160 Pennsylvania Gazette 3, 38, 41, 42, Franklin, Benjamin, Uncle 15 58, 65, 70, 117, 124, 147, 164; Poor Franklin, Benjamin Richard (yearly almanacs) 3, 65–68, and acquiring books 11–14, 17–18 85, 107, 110–11, 127, 147–48, 165 and slavery 7, 45–47 reprints Constitutions of the and women 1 Free-Masons 54 as author catalogue of library created by 18–19 use of pseudonyms 2 educational plans of 2, 80, 147 “character” writing 2 English School 4 as club member see also Academy of Philadelphia Club of Honest Whigs 59 importance of libraries to 52 Monday Club at the George and Junto of 3, 12, 52–55, 65, 85, 105, Vulture 59 164 the Thirteen 98 Libertas Americana medal by 129–30 as co-author, with William Brownrigg, of marginalia of 15 Of the Stilling of Waves by Means of Papers of Benjamin Franklin publication Oil 17 project 8 as co-author, with the Thirteen, of “A pseudonyms of Liturgy on . . . Religion and Abigail Twitterfield 2 Morality” 99 Alice Addertongue 2 as inventor Americanus 42, 59 bifocals 1 Anthony Afterwit 2 chair-ladder 18 Ephraim Censorious 2 flexible catheter 1 F. B. 59 Franklin stove 1, 109 Father Abraham 2, 134, 136 (see also glass armonica 1 “Father Abraham’s Speech” under lightning rod 71, 80, 109 Works of) mechanical hand, for reaching 1, 18 A Friend to Both Countries 59 as moral philosopher Historicus 46 Society of the Free and Easy 84–85 N. N. 59 as natural philosopher Old England 59 charts Gulf Stream 1, 72–73 Pacificus 59 experiments in electricity 1, 56–57, Richard Saunders 25, 59, 104, 107, 70–71, 80, 108, 165 110, 132, 134, 156 (see also Poor experiments in hydrography 72–73 Richard [almanac] under Franklin, see also American Philosophical Society Benjamin, as printer) as philanthropist Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim 46–47, 58, 105 fire company 1, 4 Silence Dogood 2, 4, 37, 39–42, 47, 58, savings association 1, 4 93, 96, 133, 170 insurance company 1, 4 Veridicus 53 lending libraries 1, 80 Works of schools for Africans 137, 138 Account of the New Invented see also American Philosophical Society Pennsylvanian Fire-Places 69–72 see also Library Company of “Address to the Public, An” 45 Philadelphia “Advice to a Young Tradesman” 147, see also Pennsylvania Hospital 150 as postmaster 1, 55–56 Art of Virtue 31 as printer 1–3, 11 “Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion” in Boston, Massachusetts 3, 7, 39 26, 31, 33–36, 95–96, 98–99

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Franklin, Benjamin (cont.) “Rules by Which a Great Empire May Autobiography 1, 2, 26–36, 38, 78, Be Reduced to a Small One” 5–6, 43 83–87, 89, 92, 139, 147, 150, “Rules Proper to Be Observ’d in Trade” 159–70 147 Causes of the American Discontents “Speech of Miss Polly Baker, The” 42, before 1768 5, 105 107 “Conversation on Slavery, A” 43, 45 Supplemental Experiments and “Dialogue between Britain, France, Observations on Electricity 59 Spain, Holland, Saxony, and “Taking of Teach or Blackbeard the America” 45 Pirate, The” 58 Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Way to Wealth, The, see “Father Pleasure and Pain 35, 93–95, 100, Abraham’s Speech” 101, 106 “Witch Trial at Mount Holly, A” “Doct[rine]. To be Prea[che]d” 99 41–42 “Edict by the King of Prussia, An” 6, Franklin, Deborah Read 30 44–45, 105 Franklin, James 39, 52, 93 Experiments and Observations on as publisher of New-England Courant 39, Electricity 4, 5, 56, 70–73 52, 93 “Fable of the Eagle and the Cat” 125 Franklin, Sarah, see Bache, Sarah Franklin “Father Abraham’s Speech” 2, 107, Franklin, William 17 133, 138–40, 148, 150 Franklin, William Temple 18, 20, 161–64 Idea of an English School 38, 148 Franklin Society 151 Information to Those Who Would Franklin Typographical Society of Remove to America 104 Journeyman Printers 151 Interest of Great Britain Considered Frazier, E. Franklin 139–40 with Regard to Her Colonies . . . 5 as author of Black Bourgeoisie 139 “Light House Tragedy, The” 58 Frederick the Great 44 “Man of Sense, A” 107 Freemasonry 54–55 “Maritime Observations” 73 Lodges: 54–55 “Mock Petition to the House of St. John’s Lodge in Philadelphia 54 Commons, A” 43 Lodge of the Nine Sisters (France) 61 Modest Enquiry into the Nature and La Musee´ de Paris 61 Necessity of a Paper-Currency, A 3, French and Indian War 123 86, 134–36, 142 “Moral or Prudential Algebra” 107 Galileo 11 New Experiments and Observations on Gilpin, Henry D. 152 Electricity 59 Glorious Revolution 58 “New Fables, humbly inscribed to the Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 166 S-----yofSt--e” 124 Goldsmith, Oliver, as author of Citizen of Observations concerning the Increase of the World 40 Mankind . . . 3, 105 Graydon, Alexander 168–69 “On Sending Felons to America” 43 as author of Memoirs of a Life 168 “On the Providence of God in the Great Awakening 85 Government of the World” 99–100, Greeley, Horace 152 106 Grub Street 51, 57–60 “On the Slave Trade” 45–48, 105 “Parable against Persecution, A” 106 Hakluyt, Richard, as author of Voyages 11 Plain Truth 105 Hall, David 4 Proposal for Promoting Useful Halley, Edmund 68, 73 Knowledge . . . , A 14 Harper, James 167 Proposals Relating to the Education of Harvard College 39, 64, 170 Youth in Pensilvania 53–54, 148 Hasselquist, Fredrik, as author of Voyages “Rattlesnakes for Felons” 5, 42–43, 45 and Travels in the Levant 16

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel 154–55 Keimer, Samuel 14, 58 Helvetius,´ Madame 60–61 as author of Caribbeana 14 Hemphill, Samuel 26, 106 Kinnersley, Ebenezer 70 Hercules 129–30 Hewson, Polly Stevenson 19, 81 Labaree, Leonard 169 Hill, John, as author of The Actor: A Langdon, John 45 Treatise on the Art of Playing 18 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent 73 L’Histoire de l’Academie´ Royale des Sciences Lawrence, D. H. 138, 156, 159 20–21 as author of Studies in Classic American Hobbes, Thomas 83 Literature 168 Hopkinson, Thomas 70 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 66 Horace 38–39 Lemay, J. A. Leo 42, 123, 169 Horkheimer, Max 87 Library Company of Philadelphia 12–13, d’Houdetot, Comtesse 60 19–20, 52–53, 56, 65, 69–71, 105 Howe, Henry 152 Locke, John 78, 79, 83–84, 88, 91 Humboldt, Alexander von 73 as author of Essay Concerning Human Hume, David 8, 60, 112, 134 Understanding 88 Hunt, Freeman, as compiler of Worth and as author of The Reasonableness of Wealth: A Collection of Maxims . . . Christianity 83–84 152 as author of Two Treatises of Government Hutcheson, Francis 81–83 13 as author of Inquiry Concerning Moral Logan, James 19, 56, 65 Good and Evil 81 library of 19–20, 65 as author of An Inquiry into the Original translation of Seneca,Moral Distichs 56 of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue 82 London, England 3–5, 13–19, 33, 35, 37, 45, 55, 57–59, 64, 93, 95, 106, 125, 162 Indians Franklin purchases books in 13–17, 52 Iroquois 4 Franklin joins clubs in 5, 133 Lenape 4 newspapers of Ireland 5, 38 Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser Isaacson, Walter, as author of Benjamin 59–60 Franklin: An American Life 169 London Chronicle 59–60 (London) Morning Chronicle 60 Jackson, Andrew 142 Public Advertiser 43, 45, 59–60, 125 James, Abel 26–30, 149, 160 Lord’s Prayer, the 25, 83 James, William 104, 110–14 Luther, Martin 132 Jefferson, Thomas 7, 43, 61, 88, 112, 135 as author of Notes on the State of Virginia Marquis de la Fayette 128 112 Martin, Benjamin 72 as primary author of the Declaration of Massinger, Philip 14 Independence 43 Mather, Cotton 11–12, 51–52, 101, library of 22 133–35 Jesus 35, 41, 164–65 as author of Bonifacius: An Essay upon Johnson, Samuel 37, 59, 112 the Good 100–01, 133–36 as author of Lives of the Poets 19 Mather, Increase 51 as compiler of dictionary 37 as author of First Principles of Junto, see under Franklin, Benjamin, Junto New-England 15 of Mecom, Jane 18, 129 Juvenal 38–39 Mellon, Thomas 167, 169 Melville, Herman 155–56, 169 Kames, Henry Home, Lord 60 as author of Israel Potter 155, 168 Kant, Immanuel 79 Mercury, Transit of 68 as author of “Was ist Aufklarung?”¨ 40 Meredith, Hugh 58

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Mesmer, Franz Anton 73 Poe, Edgar Allan, as author of “The Miles, Richard 169 Businessman” 168 Milton, John 33 Poor Richard, see Franklin, Benjamin, under as author of Of True Religion 15 pseudonyms of, Richard Saunders Mirabeau, see de Riquette, Honore-Gabriel´ Pope, Alexander 37–38, 59 Model T. Fords 142 postal system 55 Montesquieu, as author of Lettres persanes Powel, Mrs. Samuel 129 40 Priestley, Joseph 8, 60, 73, 101 Morgan, Edmund S. 104–05, 166 Pringle, John 16 Morrellet, Abbe´ 126 Ptolemy 66 Morris, Robert, Jr. 21 Purchas, Samuel, as author of Purchas His Morris, Robert, Sr. 21–22 Pilgrimage 11 Mozart, as creator of TheMagicFlute 40 Musee´ de Paris, La 61 Ralph, James 13–14, 34 as author of Of the Use and Abuse of New Deal 142 Parliaments 14 New Jersey 11 Riquette, Honore-Gabriel´ de 127–28 New York, NY 11 Robinson brothers, editors of Franklin’s Newton, Isaac 64, 66–72, 91, 93, 108 memoir 162–64 as author of Opticks 69–70 Rorty, Richard 98, 102 as author of Principia Mathematica Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 8, 60, Naturalis Philosophiae 67, 69 166–67 Nollet, Abbe´ 71 Royal Academy of Sciences, Paris 57 numismatists 1 Royal Medical Society, Paris 79 Royal Society, Gottingen¨ 56 Ormathwaite 17 Royal Society of London 51, 52, 55–57, 59, 64, 66 Paine, Thomas 43, 77, 88–89, 101 awards Franklin the Copley medal 71 as author of Common Sense 43 Proceedings of 57 as author of Age of Reason 77 Transactions of 55, 57 Palatinate (of Germany) 4 Royal Society for the Encouragement of Paris, France 17, 57, 61, 73, 79, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce 160 51 Paris, Treaty of, 1783 2, 6 Rush, Benjamin 80 Passy, France 2, 60–61 see Franklin, Benjamin, as printer St. Andrews University 59, 138 Patterson, Richard S. 121–23 Scholasticism 66 Peirce, Charles Sanders 104 Scotland 5, 138 Penn, William, family 4 Scrooge, Ebenezer 132 Pennsylvania Abolition Society, see Shaftesbury, see Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Pennsylvania Society for Promoting third Earl of the Abolition of Slavery Shepard, Thomas 160, 164 Pennsylvania Assembly 4, 6, 13 Sloane, Hans 64 Pennsylvania Hospital 4, 105 Smith, Adam 8, 81–83, 134–36 Pennsylvania Proprietary 4, 13 as author of Theory of Moral Sentiments Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the 81–82 Abolition of Slavery 7, 45 as author of The Wealth of Nations 88, see also Franklin, Benjamin, and slavery 134 Perkins, John 78 Smith, John, Capt. 145 Persius 38–39 as author of Description of New England Petty, William 134 145 Philosophical Society, see American as author of Generall Historie of Virginia Philosophical Society 11

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Societ´ e´ Apollonienne 61 Van Doren, Carl, as author of Benjamin Society for Political Enquiries 6 Franklin 167 Society for Promoting the Abolition of Vaughan, Benjamin 24, 26–28, 32, 149, Slavery, see Pennsylvania Society for 160 Promoting the Abolition of Slavery Veblen, Thorstein 132, 138–39, 141–42 see also Franklin, Benjamin, and slavery as author of The Theory of Business Society of Arts (London) 59 Enterprise 141 Society of the Cincinnati 118, 125–29 as author of The Theory of the Leisure Society of the Free and Easy, see Franklin, Class 132, 138 Benjamin, as moral philosopher Venus, Transit of 15 Socrates 164–65 Voltaire 8, 42, 83 Sparks, Jared 167 Spectator, The 38–39, 58, 164 Wansey, Henry 21 Spencer, Archibald 70 as author of Journal of an Excursion to Spencer, Herbert 137 the United States . . . 21 Stamp Act 15, 59 Warner, Michael 51 Stansbury, Joseph 124 Washington, Booker T. 132, 139–42 as “R. R.,” author of “The History of as author of Black Belt Diamonds 139 Peru . . .” 124 as author of Up from Slavery 139 Steele, Richard 58 as founder of Tuskegee Institute 137, 138, Stevenson, Margaret 17 140 Stevenson, Mary (“Polly”), see Hewson, Washington, George 7, 80, 118–19, 128, Polly Stevenson 164 Stiles, Ezra 71 Watts, Isaac 19, 59 Franklin’s famous letter to 100 as compiler of Horae Lyricae 19 Stuart, James (“Athenian”) 98–99 Weber, Max 87–89, 132–36, 138–42, Stuber, Henry 161–64 159 Swift, Jonathan 37, 38, 59 as author of The Protestant Ethic and the as author of A Modest Proposal 38, 42 Spirit of Capitalism 132, 168 Syng, Philip 70 Wedgwood, Josiah 98 Weems, Mason Locke 164, 167 Taylor, Charles 166 Whiteﬁeld, George 25, 26, 53, 84–85, Thomson, James 59 165 as author of The Seasons 25 Wildman, Thomas, as author of Treatise on Thoreau, Henry David 166 the Management of Bees 16 Tillotson, John 59 Williams, David 98 Toland, John 92 Winthrop, Robert C. 152 Treaty of Paris, see Paris, Treaty of Witherspoon, John 112 Turgot 77 Wollaston, William 93–95 Twain, Mark, see Clemens, Samuel as author of The Religion of Nature Delineated 93 United States Information Agency 8 University of Leiden 17 Zall, P. M. 169

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