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Joshua Thomas Bell Queensland and the Darling Downs 1889-1911 by D
Joshua Thomas Bell Queensland and the Darling Downs 1889-1911 by D. B. Waterson Received 27 September 1984 The pastoral, legal and political career of Joshua Thomas Bell niuminates certain aspects of Queensland in general and Darling Downs history in particular during a critical time in that region's evolution. When Bell first entered the Queensland Legislative Assembly for the Northem Downs constituency of Dalby in 1893 (a seat which he was to retain until his death nineteen years later), the colony, society and landscape of the Downs were about to undergo their third major transformation since the coming of European pastoralists and the hesitant establishment of selector-based agri culture during the 1860s and 1870s. Bell's personal origins and subsequent career - he was bom in 1863 - thus spans two of the most significant phases in the European history of the region.' Bell, scion of an old-established Queensland pastoral family, now in the hands of the financially unstable Darling Downs & Westem Land Company and its overdraft master, the Queensland National Bank, entered ParUament at the time of the massive financial crash in Queensland. Yet the DarUng Downs was about to embark on a thorough reconstmction and expansion of its mral enterprises. Bell's period in Parliament saw a rapid increase in mral productivity and population on the Downs - more than in other parts of Queensland, including Brisbane - and an acceleration of Toowoomba's rise to prominence as the regional capital. The application of new tech nology, particularly in refrigeration and plant breeding, the inter vention of the State in distributing old pastoral freehold estates to Professor Duncan Waterson is Professor of History, School of History, Philosophy and Politics, Macquarie University, Sydney. -
Dictation Test
Macquarie Law Journal (2005) Vol 5 241 DICTATING TO ONE OF ‘US’: THE MIGRATION OF MRS FREER KEL ROBERTSON WITH JESSIE HOHMANN AND IAIN STEWART∗ I INTRODUCTION The ‘White Australia Policy’ and the dictation test under which it was infamously enforced provided central policy tools in the quest to control Australia’s immigrant population from Federation in 1901 until well into the twentieth century. Based on similar legislation that had been enacted in Natal, and that had also been cloned in some of the Australian colonies, the test was widely recognised as ‘merely a convenient and polite device … for the purpose of enabling the Executive Government of Australia to prevent the immigration of persons deemed unsuitable because of their Asiatic or non-European race’.1 ∗ Respectively: former LLB student, Macquarie University (this article originated in 2001 as a research paper by Robertson, supervised by Stewart); PhD student, University of Cambridge; Senior Lecturer, Department of Law, Division of Law, Macquarie University. Robertson is the principal author. His was the idea of examining the Freer Case, his is the overall argument and he did almost all of the archival research (and before the National Archives began to digitise). This article was commissioned by the Editor. In the references, frequently cited newspapers are abbreviated as CT (Canberra Times), DT (Daily Telegraph, Sydney) and SMH (Sydney Morning Herald). Newspaper page numbers cited are those of the edition seen. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates are abbreviated as CPD. ‘NAA’ refers to files in the National Archives of Australia: most of the files referred to are available online at <http://naa12.naa.gov.au> at 22 August 2006; also available through the more wide-ranging website ‘Archives of Australia’, <http://www.archivenet.gov.au/home.html> at same. -
House of Representatives By-Elections 1902-2002
INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND ADVICE FOR THE PARLIAMENT INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES Current Issues Brief No. 15 2002–03 House of Representatives By-elections 1901–2002 DEPARTMENT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY ISSN 1440-2009 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2003 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Department of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties. This paper has been prepared for general distribution to Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the paper is written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2003 I NFORMATION AND R ESEARCH S ERVICES Current Issues Brief No. 15 2002–03 House of Representatives By-elections 1901–2002 Gerard Newman, Statistics Group Scott Bennett, Politics and Public Administration Group 3 March 2003 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Murray Goot, Martin Lumb, Geoff Winter, Jan Pearson, Janet Wilson and Diane Hynes in producing this paper. -
Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA STEPHEN WILKS Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, Or what’s a heaven for? Robert Browning, ‘Andrea del Sarto’ The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. Edward John Phelps Earle Page as seen by L.F. Reynolds in Table Talk, 21 October 1926. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463670 ISBN (online): 9781760463687 WorldCat (print): 1198529303 WorldCat (online): 1198529152 DOI: 10.22459/NPM.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This publication was awarded a College of Arts and Social Sciences PhD Publication Prize in 2018. The prize contributes to the cost of professional copyediting. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Earle Page strikes a pose in early Canberra. Mildenhall Collection, NAA, A3560, 6053, undated. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS Illustrations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Abbreviations . xiii Prologue: ‘How Many Germans Did You Kill, Doc?’ . xv Introduction: ‘A Dreamer of Dreams’ . 1 1 . Family, Community and Methodism: The Forging of Page’s World View . .. 17 2 . ‘We Were Determined to Use Our Opportunities to the Full’: Page’s Rise to National Prominence . -
Hart Phillip 1967Pt4.Pdf
-- ·~--------------------- 281 chairman o:f Cabinet and only h" t ' is s rength as a vote getter prevented an open cal]· :fo r h"is removal from Sydney newspapers and businessmen.1 However, this fiasco was not typical of his cha~rm... ans h"ip, and policies prop~sed by ministers less egocentric than Gullett received fuller Cabinet consideration and in most cases the support of all ministers. Whatever his compromises over the details of policy or his :failure to carry out his reformist social · philosophy, Lyons had a vital influence on the climate o:f politics and the general direction o:f policy. Without his in:fluence during and af'ter the Depression, the course o:f Australian history would almost certainly have changed. Especially because o:f his friendly personality, he was able to moderate much of the bitter ness and emotionalism aroused by the Depression in the community in general and in the Labour movement in particular in a way that neither Latham nor any other alternative leader could have done. His stand against Caucus had rallied the middle-o:f-the-road members o:f the community 1d thout alienating too greatly either the le:ft or the right wings, and the :fear that a centre party under his leadership would attract electoral support :from . the Nationalist Party forced the more conservative members of that party to accept him as their leader. But in mak1ng him leader to maintain and increase their electoral strength, the Nationalists were obliged also to accept his m • dd ·· • tl d •n" Lion;;i-1' stance t which ui> an ~~ ll ~l- w-roa , -- 1 II l M 1 itl quoted 1·n Mof:fat Diary, p.755 ue 1 cc ure s m· i, (~7-8 February 1937). -
The Importance of Boundaries
The importance of boundaries Colin Hughes Emeritus Professor of Politic Science, University of Queensland Research Paper 1 (November 2007) Democratic Audit of Australia Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia http://democratic.audit.anu.edu.au The views expressed are the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Democratic Audit of Australia. If elections are to be thought fair, their outcomes should correspond as closely as possible to the inputs of voter preferences. A particular percentage of the votes counted for a party should produce close to the same percentage of the seats won by that party. Down that path lie the topics of partisan bias and proportional representation with multi-member electoral districts as the most common solution. But there is a second criterion of fairness which is that outcomes should correspond to the numbers of electors or people to be represented. That criterion is often called equality, and down that path lie the topics of malapportionment and enforced equality as a solution. The two criteria may not work in the same direction.1 In Australia the problem of equality has been debated mainly with respect to the dichotomy of town and country, ‘town’ usually meaning the State capital(s) which have been invariably by far the largest urban center in each State and ‘country’ the rest, though sometimes the larger provincial cities and towns get lumped in with their local metropolis. Should town voters have the same quantity of representation, measured by the number of electors in the electoral districts, as country voters? There has also been a sub-plot, which is what this paper is about, that concerns the existence of a small number of electoral districts spread over exceptionally large areas in which the population, and consequently the numbers of electors, is relatively thin on the ground and widely scattered. -
House of Representatives By-Elections 1901-2005
Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library RESEARCH BRIEF Information analysis and advice for the Parliament 16 August 2005, no. 1, 2005–06, ISSN 1832-2883 House of Representatives by-elections 1901–2005 The first part of this revised brief discusses the 141 by-elections for the House of Representatives since Federation, including the most recent for the New South Wales division of Werriwa. The brief’s appendices give a full set of by-election figures. Gerard Newman, Statistics Section Scott Bennett, Politics and Public Administration Section Contents Party abbreviations ................................................... 1 Executive summary ................................................... 2 Contests ......................................................... 2 Causes .......................................................... 2 Outcomes ........................................................ 2 The organisation of Commonwealth by-elections.............................. 3 The reasons why by-elections have been held .............................. 3 The timing of by-elections ............................................ 4 By-elections 1994–05 ............................................. 5 Vacancies for which no by-election was held 1901–2005 ................... 6 Number of nominations .............................................. 6 Candidates per by-election ......................................... 7 Voter turnout ..................................................... 7 Party performance ................................................... -
BOOK I-AUSTRALIA at WAR CHAPTER 1 If
BOOK I-AUSTRALIA AT WAR CHAPTER 1 THE OUTBREAK OF WAR ON the 30th of June, 1914, the Australian daily newspapers contained cablegrams announcing the startling fact that two days previously the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire, the Archduke Frariz Ferdinand, together with the Archduchess, had been assassiiinted at Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, by a Serbian political desperado. The news was, of course, published under large headlines in the journals. Obviously an important event in world politics had occurred. Some serious consequences might be expected to follow. But nobody in Australia dreamt that this crime committed in the Balkans was of momentous concern for this country. If anyone had suggested that nearly 60,000 men in the prime of life and physical capacity were marked for death, and that 140,000 more would suffer maiming, as a consequence of what had happened at Sarajevo, his prediction would have seemed too absurd for credence. Where was Sarajevo? It is likely that many Australians had never even heard of the place, though memories of a school geography lesson, or study of the map of Europe, may have brought the name to the minds of a few. Shakespeare did not know where Bohemia was: in a stage direction at the head of Act 3, Scene 3, of The IVinter’s Tale, he referred to it as “Bohemia, a desert country near the sea,” though it is an inland country with no seaboard whatever. Where Shakespeare tripped we shall intend no reproach if we assume that Australians were not very well informed about a remote town in a small Balkan state. -
Private LITTLETON CAMPBELL GROOM
In Memory of Private LITTLETON CAMPBELL GROOM 1843, 42nd Bn Australian Infantry, A.I.F. who died age 28 on 10th June 1917 Son of Frederick William and Fanny Matilda Groom, of "Lorriane," Herries St., Toowoomba, Queensland. Remembered with honour BETHLEEM FARM EAST CEMETERY, BELGIUM PRIVATE LITTLETON CAMPBELL GROOM 42ND BN, AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY SERVICE NUMBER: 1843 Littleton Campbell Groom enlisted in Toowoomba on 19 February 1916 two months after his twenty-seventh birthday. He gave his occupation as newspaper reporter and was employed on the family- owned Toowoomba Chronicle. After the war his father stated he was the paper’s sub-editor. Littleton carried one of the family names, his uncle Littleton Ernest Groom being Member for the Darling Downs (MHR) and a minister in the Federal Government. Following a custom of the time, the name “Littleton” was from his grandmother’s maiden name. Littleton junior’s parents were Frederick William and Fanny Matilda Groom of Herries Street, Toowoomba. He was born and educated in the city, attending state schools and the Christian Brothers College. Littleton was of the Church of England religion. He was 5’8” tall, weighed 140 pounds and had a fair complexion, brown eyes and brown hair. After basic training he was posted to the new 42nd Battalion at the Artillery Camp at Enoggera and embarked for overseas service in Brisbane aboard A42 Boorara on 10 June 1916. Littleton continued training in England where the 42nd was based as part of the 3rd Division, the newest and last of five divisions to join the AIF on the Western Front. -
Upholding the Australian Constitution Volume Twenty-Four
Upholding the Australian Constitution Volume Twenty-four Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Conference of The Samuel Griffith Society Traders Hotel Brisbane, 159 Roma Street, Hobart — August 2012 © Copyright 2014 by The Samuel Griffith Society. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction Julian Leeser The Fourth Sir Harry Gibbs Memorial Oration Senator the Honourable George Brandis In Defence of Freedom of Speech Chapter One The Honourable Ian Callinan Defamation, Privacy, the Finkelstein Report and the Regulation of the Media Chapter Two Michael Sexton Flights of Fancy: The Implied Freedom of Political Communication 20 Years On Chapter Three The Honourable Justice J. D. Heydon Sir Samuel Griffith and the Making of the Australian Constitution Chapter Four The Honourable Christian Porter Federal-State Relations and the Changing Economy Chapter Five The Honourable Richard Court A Federalist Agenda for Coast to Coast Liberal (or Labor) Governments Chapter Six Keith Kendall The Case for a State Income Tax Chapter Seven Josephine Kelly The Constitutionality of the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act i Chapter Eight The Honourable Gary Johns Native Title 20 Years On: Beyond the Hyperbole Chapter Nine Lorraine Finlay Indigenous Recognition – Some Issues Chapter Ten J. B. Paul Speaker of the House Contributors ii Introduction Julian Leeser The 24th Conference of The Samuel Griffith Society was held in Brisbane during the weekend of 17-19 August 2012. It marked the 20th anniversary of the Society’s birth. 1992 was undoubtedly a momentous year in Australia’s constitutional history. On 2 January 1992 the perspicacious John and Nancy Stone decided to incorporate the Samuel Griffith Society thirteen days after Paul Keating was appointed Prime Minister. -
Selected Australian Political Records
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2013–14 UPDATED 5 MARCH 2014 Selected political records of the Commonwealth Parliament Martin Lumb and Rob Lundie Politics and Public Administration Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 6 Governor-General ....................................................................................... 6 First Governor-General..................................................................................... 6 First Australian-born Governor-General .......................................................... 6 Prime Ministers ........................................................................................... 6 First Prime Minister .......................................................................................... 6 First Leader of the Opposition .......................................................................... 6 Youngest person to become Prime Minister .................................................... 6 Oldest person to become Prime Minister ........................................................ 6 Longest serving Prime Minister ........................................................................ 6 Shortest serving Prime Minister ....................................................................... 6 Oldest serving Prime Minister .......................................................................... 6 Prime Ministers who served separate terms as Prime Minister ...................... 6 Prime Ministers who -
David Carment LETTERS from the WEST 1975-1976
David Carment LETTERS FROM THE WEST 1975-1976 David Carment AM is Emeritus Professor of History at Charles Darwin University and a former President of the Australian Historical Association. His first academic appointment was at The University of Western Australia in Perth between 1975 and 1976. During that period he lived at Currie Hall and wrote the regular letters to his parents in New South Wales reproduced in this book. He now lives in Sydney but enjoys revisiting the West. Published by David Carment. Front cover image: Perth in 1975. Rear cover image: the author in 2014. ii LETTERS FROM THE WEST 1975-1976 David Carment 1 Copyright David Carment 2015 First published in 2015, and reprinted with corrections and minor revisions in 2018 by David Carment, 11 Fairfax Road, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia, email [email protected], telephone 0299699103, http://www.dcarment.com ISBN: 978-0-646-94538-5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Unless otherwise indicated all images belong to the author. 2 CONTENTS PREFACE 4 1975 7 1976 57 EPILOGUE 94 INDEX OF NAMES 95 3 PREFACE This is an edited collection of the letters I wrote to my parents while I worked in the Department of History at The University of Western Australia (UWA) in Perth between February 1975 and December 1976.1 It was my first full-time academic appointment. Although I was only in the job for less than two years, it and my residence in Currie Hall at the university significantly shaped my later life. The letters were usually hastily written, were far from comprehensive in describing my activities and now often seem clumsy and naïve.