MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL, Teschen disease Situation in and Field Vaccination trial (PCV-2 Vaccine) as Control measure of PTV-1 in Haiti

Dr Max Millien

March, 2011 GENERALITY ABOUT TESCHEN DISEASE  Caused by a number of porcine enterovirus at least 12 serotypes  Genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae  Teschen disease results from infection by strains of porcine enterovirus serotype 1 (PEV–1)  Talfan disease (benign enzootic paresis) and poliomyelitis suum, caused by strains of PEV–1, 2–6, 8, 12 or 13 Species affected  Enterovirus encephalomyelitis is seen only in pigs of all ages. Not zoonotic  Incubation period: about 14 days

Level of resistance of the virus

 PEVs resistant to heat, lipid solvents, and some disinfectants  PEVs inactivated by sodium hypochlorite or 70% ethanol  Survive pH 2 to 9  In manure, can be inactivated by aeration, ionizing radiation, or anaerobic digestion Transmission

 PEVs found in intestines and oral secretions  Fecal–oral route  Direct or indirect contact with infected pigs  After infected, pigs can shed virus in feces for up to 7 weeks  PEVs highly resistant to inactivation  Remain in environment past 5 months

Main clinical signs

 Ataxia, Fever, Lassitude, Anorexia  Nystagmus, opisthotonos  Progressive paralysis, beginning in hindquarters and ascending toward head  May become hypothermic before death  Death usually results from paralysis of respiratory muscles  Mildly affected sometimes recover

TESCHEN DISEASE SITUATION IN HAITI

Short Story  February 2009: Notification of porcine disease with locomotor difficulties and paralysis in the department.  April 2009: Spread of the disease to other departments: Low Plateau central and West department.  June 2010: Notification of Teschen disease from all geographical departments.  February 2011, New cases in Fonds and resurgent cases in West Department (Leogane), South (Cayes) and South East (Thiotte)

La Tortue

Port de Paix

Cap haitien

Nord-Est

La Gonave

Grande-Anse Thiotte Notification cases/geographical department in February 2011 300

250

200

150

100 Notification cases

50

0 Teschen in Haitian field

Actions taken by the Agricultural Ministry  Technical missions sent to the field for observation.  Sampling for the Veterinary Lab in Haiti  Epidemiological investigations  Samples were sent to two (2) Vet Lab in US (FADDL in New York, NVSL Ames, Iowa, 2 OIE vets Lab)  Encephalomyelitis virus by Enterovirus was detected in the samples.  Technical Assistance from FAO  Detection of immunosuppressive virus in Bas Plateau and Bas Artibonite (Circovirus 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and CSF virus (CSFV).  Information campaign for pig owners and the population.  Training for the Vets, Vet agents and pig owners on Teschen disease.  Field investigation to detect the risk factors

PROSPECT Project of a Field Vaccination trial (PCV-2 Vaccine) for the Control of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs in the Republic of Haiti Justification

 A technical mission during the year 2010 has realised a survey that indicates that there are other disease agents circulating in the Haitian swine population in addition to classical swine fever (CSF) virus and PTV, such as (PRRS) and porcine circovirus (PCV), (PCV was found in tissues of 6 out of 8 pigs sampled).  PCV-2 vaccination is known to mitigate impact of other virus in pigs.  It’s supposed that the immunosuppressive effect of PCV facilitates the clinical expression of PTV.  Only a field trial can provide information on the protective effect of a PCV-2 vaccine in field conditions.

Objective and assumption

 To estimate the direct protective effect of a PCV-2 vaccination on the morbidity and the mortality caused by the Teschen disease in Haiti  The assumption is that the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups are equally exposed to PCV-2 and PTV-1 infection. So, any difference in the risk in the two groups is due to the biologic effect of the vaccine Materials and Method  The experimental population will be constituted of 100 pigs of 4 months age purchased from areas known as free of CSF, Circovirus and Teschen.  100% have to be vaccinated against CSF 50% against Circovirus and identified with tags to differentiate them to the other 50% non-vaccinated against circovirus  Pigs will be divided in two groups and located in 2 areas with a sanitary status previously different : (Low Plateau and Low Artibonite).The last zone was more affected than the first ) (25 vaccinated against circovirus and 25 non-vaccinated against circovirus in each group) to be distributed in two zones

Materials and Method

. Vaccine to use: (Ingelvac CircoFLEX vaccine by Boehringer Ingelheim)  Pigs will be distributed by small group of 4 to 6 in the premises of owners in order to be submitted to the same husbandry practices.  Pigs maintained for a two weeks period under the daily supervision of the Central veterinary Service before distributing them to the field to ensure their immunization against the Circovirus is effective.  Collection of information about the owner  Information on the Pig: Ear tag ID, Age, sex, Date of vaccination  Clinical history

Materials and Method  A stock of medicine will be available.  Duration of the trial: 6 months (sampling will be realized every month for analysis during .  Each pig will be visited daily by the vets chosen for the monitoring of the trial and supervised monthly by VEP (with written reporting)  Some phone contact will be established between with the pig producers, the vets and the VEP, coordinator of this experimentation, to inform him about any health problem of the pigs.  In case of death (sampling to reference lab by qualified personal) .

Workplan

month month 2 month 3 month 4 month 5 month 6 1

Installation, Purchase, Shipping x Purchase of vaccine x Identification of pigs x Vaccination of 50 pigs x Daily Monitoring x X X X X X Monitoring (phone) X x X x X x Monthly monitoring X X X X X X Preliminary analysis

x Analysis and final report

THANK YOU

MERCI BEAUCOUP