Les Vascoceratinae Et Les Pseudotissotiinae

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Les Vascoceratinae Et Les Pseudotissotiinae LES VASCOCERATINAE ET LES PSEUDOTISSOTIINAE (AMMONITINA) D'ASHAKA (NE NIGERIA) : RELATIONS AVEC LEUR ENVIRONNEMENT BIOSÉDIMENTAIRE THE VASCOCERATINAEA AND PSEUDOTISSOTIINAEA (AMMONITINA) FROM ASHAKA (NE NIGERIA) : RELATIONSHIPS WlTH THE BIOSEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT Philippe COURVILLE COURVILLE Ph. (1992) - Les Vascoceratnae et es Pseudotssotinae (Ammonitina) d'Açhaka (NE Ngera) . relatons avec leur enviannement blosedimentare [The Vaçcoceia1,naea and Psetidotfssoti!naea jAmmon,ti.?s) fiom As,ba,ks (NE Nigeria) relationsh!ps with the biosedimentary enviionment] - Bull. Centres Rech Explof.- Prod EliAquitaine. 16. 2 407~457.8 f~y, 14 p.. Bo~ssensDecember 24, 19'32 - SSN : 0396~2687 CODEN. BCREDP A purdscpnary analyss groupng the sedtmentary yeo,ogy, the sequenta! stratgraphy. !he mcropaleonto1og;cal and nacropaeontologcal aspec!s. allows us 10 renterpret tbe marine çecton of the Gonga Formaton (hypostratotypc Ashaka sect~on).The paleartolag~cal successlonç (benthon~carganiçtrç and Ammonlte papulatons) and the sedmentary unis (ensembles mted by two d!scontinutes) cari now oe deçcrbed accurateiy A dynamc nterpretator of the seres of Ammonte papulatons s proposed for the local framework of the Ashaka ste some taxa coud beong to .. autochthonous ,, neages (Vascoceratnae and Pseudotsçatnae) others are corsdered ta be ., exo~ ric ,. elements (Fagesra and Pseodaspidoceras) The settements of the Cer,omanan and Turonan marne envronments seem to be w~th~na few steps reach. Fi'çt of a. tïe progreçslve settng of subplatycone 01 paty~spheroconetethysan Vascoceratds (Nigeiiceras and V gr cauv!ni) can be obçerved Ths ç folowed by the suaden .. appearance .. of cad-serperllcone Ammontes, whch quicky dr~fttowards cad-spherocone forms (frst morphologcal c:sls) Then a second morpnolagica crlsls occurç. wh~ch car be çeen ln botn the several marpholoyical nnavations (robng and trlubercu!zaton) and the over~representation of the sub-spheioconc pole Fnaly. we wtness the grad~alacqustor of a patycone morphooyy. whch çeems 10 De hghy adapte0 to shalow waters These drlfts may be correlated wlth an externa factor (watei-sectlon fluctuations) ths one beng conlroled by local (tectonc) or genera (euçtatc) geoloycal fac!ors. The ammante çequence analyss compared ta lhe standard bostratgraphcal and sequenta frarnework. w subçequenty alow a deflnltve precse and caherent local boronaton ta be put forward Philippe Courville. Centre des Sciences de le Teffe et URA. no 157 Géodynamique sédimentaire et évolution géobiologrque. Université de Bouigogoe 6. boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon Februaiy 70,7992 Key wards : Cenomantan. Turonan. B~oçtrat~graphyVascocerat~dac (Vascocera~ tinae. Pseudot~ssot~ae),B~oloylc evolu:~on Eiistacy (sequent~alstratgraphy) Ngera (Upper~Benue) 0396~2687/92/0016~0407$ 10 20 0 1992 el! aquitane producton F-31360 Boussens 408 Ph COLRVILLE BCREDP 1E 11992) 1 2 Successon des organ smes Succession of the oiganismç 413 RESUME 1 2 1 Flores - Floras 413 1 2.2. Vertebres - Verfebrates 1 2.3. Macrofaunes benthques - Benihic macro~ launas. ...... ....... de a parte marne des çeres de a Farna or de Gong a (coupe hypostratotyp~que d Açhaka) Les successlors paleontolog~ques LES ORGANISMES NECTOPELAGIOUES Neclopela- (oraansmes berthaues et ~ou~atonçarroriia~es) et es untes gic organiçrns ........ sedmentareç (ensembles ml+es pa' deux dsco~tnu~tes)sont 2 1 Niveaux 10 a 20 - Levels 70 io 20 415 precsees 2 1.1. Pôle subplatycône à çubçphéracône - Sub~ Dans le cadre oca d~ s~ted'Asraka une nterpretal~ondyna- piatycone fo subspherocone pole . 415 mlque de l'enchaînement des peuplements ammanltiques est 2 1.2. Pôle cadiçerpentc6ne Cadiserpenlicone proposée certans taxons pourraent cançttuer des gnees auto- .. poie ............ 415 chtanes .. (Vascocerat.nae et Pseadotssot~inae) d autres sont consderés comme des éléments .. exotqueç .. (g-ées Fagesia et 2 2 Bancs 21~22. Levels 21 and 22 ......... 416 Pscudasprdoceras). 2 2.1. Faune 2lbase - Fauna 2lbotfom ..... 416 La colonsatlon des envronnerneits marns ceromano-luronens 2 2 2 Faune 2lsommet - Fauna 2ltop de a regon d Ashaka oaraît se réaçer en plusleurs étapes On 2 2 2 1 Le genre Paramammites est 11 observe d'abord une mpantaton progress.ve des Vascocera~rae plesen- a Ashaka'J - Does the Subpiatycônes ou platy-spheroc0nes d orgne :éthyçenne (Nigeii~ genus Paranarimltes occur a' ceras pus Vascoceiaç du groupe cauvini) Celle~cest suve par Ashaka 7 lï~,apparltlon orutale de forrres cadi-serpent~cônes qu dervent - 2 2 2 2 D~s~r~mnationsbasées sur a gib- rapdement vers dn pôle cadsphéracônc (prenère crse moroho- bosl'e de a coque - Dilierenfia logque). Par a sute une secorce crse morphologque se marl~ f!ons based shell gibbosity feçte d'me part par pluseu's nnovatois ornementales precoces on (costuat~onet tr~tuberculsat~on)et d autre part oar a surrepre~ 2.2 2 3 Les caractérlstlqueç ae a c olson sentaiion des formes subsolerociines Enfn an asçste à l acquçl~ des dfférentç .. genres ,. Charac- tlon graduelle d'une morphologe patycône qu paraît bel adaptee teristics of the suture !!ne of !ne à des eaux peu profondes. Ces derves parassent corrélees avec un facteur exterre (fluctuatons de l epaisseur de a trarci-e d eau) celu~~cétant cortrôlé par des facteurs geolog~ques genéraux (eusfatsrne) ou ocaiin (tectonque) L'analyse de a sequence ammontqJe dans un cadre boçtra~ 2 2 3 Faune 22 - Fauna . t~graphique et çéq~ent~elpermettra dltér~cu'ellent a propos~t~or d'une boionaton locale (Ammontes) défn.1ve préclse et cohé~ 2 3 Faunes du banc 26 - Faunas !rom leve126 2 4 Sommet de a coupe - Upper part of the section 2 4 1 Niveau 30 . Leve! 30. ....... 2 4 2 Niveau 32 Leve! 32. ....... 2 4 3 Niveau 34 - Level 34 .... 3. - MODELE D NTERPRETATON DES LIGNEES AMMONI~ TIQUES D'APRES LENREGISTREMENT DASHAKA - INTERPRETATIVE MODEL OF THE AMMONITE LINEAGES ACCORDING 10 THE ASHAKA RECORD 3.1 Lgnées autochtones et Ignées exotques Auto- TABLE DES MATIERES - CONTENTS chthonous and exofic hneages. ......... 3.2. Les Vascoceiat~naedu N~ger~anord orlental une INTRODUCTION 408 évolution contrôlée par des facteurs externes? - The Vascocerafrds of northeaçtem Nigeria an evo- lulion controiled by externa! lacfors 7 ....... LOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. ........ 409 3.2 1 Les Ignées - 1 1. Découpage et nterprétatian des un~tesb~osedl- mentares Cuttiog out and inferpietaiion of the 3 2 2 Les nfu biosedimentaiy "nits ........... 409 1.1.1. Les un~teset leurs lhm~tes- The unifs and 4 - CONCLUSIONS their iimifs. ...... 409 5 - REFERCNCE 1 1 1 2 Descrpton des untes Descrip~ !ion O! the unifs . 409 INTRODUCTION 1 1 2. nteiprétat~anstrat~graph~que Sfratigraphic rnferprefafion .......... 411 1 1 2 1 Donnees bostratgraphques de a m~crofaune- Biosfratigraphic dafa Les niveaux marins carbonatés de a Haute-Bénoué trom the microtauna ........ 41 1 (nord-est Nigeria) sont connus depus Wooas (1911) pour 1 1 2 2 nterpretation séquentlee - Sequen- leur grande rchesse en fossiles ben conservés. apparte- Da1 inferpretafron . 41 1 nant a tous les groupes zoologques et surtout aux rnous- BCREDP 16 iiQQ21 VASCOCERATINAE ET PSt ques. Utilisant certaines analogies avec es faunes euro~ péennes et nord-africaines cet auteur attribua un âge Sa- murien aucf (Turonen inférieur) aux dépôts nigérians Par a suite. es investigations taxinomiques et biostrat- graphtques furent nombreuses . REYMENT(1954 a et b. 1955. 1971. 1973 1979. 1988). BrwBER (1957) CARTERet ai. (1962). MEISTE?(1989) n'a pas détaillé l'étude de sa colonne POPOFFet al (1986) MEISTER(1989). ZABORSKI(1990). Ces lithologique. Nous avons choisi (sauf contre-indications) analyses successives apportèrent des précisons sur l'âge d'utiliser sa numérotation (Fg 2A et 31a) des faunes du nord du bassin de a Bénoué: la série ~aieontolo~iauecaractérise essentiellement l'intervalle Cénomaniin supérieur-~uroneninférieur. même si ponctue- ement un âge Turonen moyen à Campanien a été reconnu. 1.1 DÉCOUPAGEET INTERPRETATION DES UNITÉS BIOSÉDI- MENTAIRES Les travaux biostratigraphiques de détail les pus récents révèlent certains problèmes D'une part on note les diffcul- tés pour définir une biozonation stable en Haute-Bénoué 1 1.1. Les unites et leurs !imites (250 x 250 km). celles~cétant surtout liées a des impréci- sions taxinomiques: d autre part il est difficile de réaliser 1 11 1 Reconnaissance et hiérarchisation des discontinuites des corrélations avec les autres régions du globe en raison d un endémisme assez poussé de nombreux taxons Enfin Plusieurs discontinuités sédimentaires permettent de découper la série d Ashaka en unités (Fg 2a et 3la) on note des imprécisions sur a répartition verticale locale des espèces. en raison d'un enregistrement faunique A a base de a série, DT marque le contact entre un variable ensemble gréseux quartzofeldspathique continental ou de- taique (formatons de Bima et de Yolde = Unité l de Pcpor~ Les travaux récents de géologie générale et structurale et al. 1986) et a formation marine de Gongila. Cette (ALLIX.1983. BENKHELIL,1988: POPOFFet al.. 1983, Gu;~nuil discontinuité majeure est soulignée par une croûte ferru- 1990) ont mis en évidence l'importance locale et régionale gineuse. des mouvements tectoniques contemporains de a sédimen- tation. Les relations tectonique-sédimentation ont été Dans a série marne. deux autres discontinuités ma^ décrites très précisément par GulnAua (1990) pour es jeures. (DM1 et DM2) sont matérialisées par des hard- formations continentales pré-Cénomanien supérieur (Grès grounds ,, (surfaces durcies plus ou moins ferruginisées, de Bmaj. qui sont affectées par de grands
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