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Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils

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Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838: October 8, 1928 HANDBOOK OF TEXAS CRETACEOUS FOSSILS B y W. S. ADKINS Bureau of Economic Geology J. A. Udden, Director E. H. Sellards, Associate Director PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY FOUR TIMES A MONTH, AND ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POSTOFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS. UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24. 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused through a community, are essential to the preservation of a free govern­ m en t. Sam Houston Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. It is the only dictator that freemen acknowl­ edge and the only security that free­ men desire. Mirabeau В. Lamar CONTENTS P age Introduction __________________________________________________ 5 Summary of Formation Nomenclature_______________________ 6 Zone Markers and Correlation_______________________________ 8 Types of Texas Cretaceous Fossils___________________________ 36 Bibliography ________________________________________________ 39 L ist and Description of Species_________________________________ 46 P lants ______________________________________________________ 46 Thallophytes ______________________________________________ 46 Fungi __________________________________________________ 46 Algae __________________________________________________ 47 Pteridophytes ____________________________________________ 47 Filices __________________________________________________ 47 Spermatophytes __________________________________________ 47 Gymnospermae _________________________________________ 47 Angiospermae __________________________________________ 51 A nim als ____________________________________________________ 58 Protozoa __________________________________________________ 58 Foraminifera __________________________________________ 58 Coelenterata _____________________________________________ 72 Spongiae _______________________________________________ 72 Anthozoa (Corals)______________________________________ 74 Annelida __________________________________________________ 78 Chaetopoda ____________________________________________ 78 Brachiopoda _____________________________________________ 80 A rthropoda _______________________________________________ 81 Crustacea ______________________________________________ 81 Mollusca __________________________________ ________________ 84 Pelecypoda _____________________________________________ 84 Gastropoda ____________________________________________ 172 Cephalopoda ------------------------------------------------------------------ 199 Echinodermata ___________________________________________ 265 Asteroidea _____________________________________________ 265 Ophiuroidea ____________________________________________ 268 Echinoidea _____________________________________________ 268 V ertebrata ________________________________________________ 300 Pisces __________________________________________________ 300 R eptilia ________________________________________________ 302 Index _____________________________________ ___ —............................. 381 Illustrations Figure 1—Suture of Worthoceras worthense------------------------------ 219 Plates I-XXXVII—Texas Cretaceous Fossils_________ Following 303 This paper on Texas Cretaceous Fossils is one of a series issued to make more readily usable general information on Texas geology and paleontology. The next of the series to be published will be a Handbook of Texas Stratigraphy. E. H. Sellards, Associate Director. HANDBOOK OF TEXAS CRETACEOUS FOSSILS* BY W. S. ADKINS INTRODUCTION This handbook aims to supplement the valuable check­ list of Dr. R. T. Hill, which is now out of print and practi­ cally unobtainable, and to bring up to date the determi­ nations of genera and species, in so far as this is possible with the facilities at the disposal of the writer. In certain groups it is hopeless at the present time to make authorita­ tive generic assignments, and it is expected that many of the determinations here given will be changed. Some of these provisional determinations were made by inspection of the literature, without access to actual specimens, and some are made from casts. Since only a small part of the Texas Cretaceous fossils has yet been described, further research will add many species to those here listed. All the groups are in need of serious and critical revision, and in some groups, among which are corals, sponges, gastropods, rudistids and crustacea, scarcely a beginning has been made. The list therefore makes no pretense to either completeness or finality and it does not aim at a monographic treatment of the fossils. It includes most of the published records of specifically determined fossils and some new species which seem to have particular stratigraphie interest. Some of the species here listed may later prove to be synonyms of others. The keys are artificial : they apply only to the usual forms, especially to the type material of the describers, and do not cover unusual variants or species not included in this handbook. The stratigraphie ranges here given are not in­ tended to be final : a species may range beyond these limits, *Published December, 1928. 6 University of Texas Bulletin a fact which can be determined only by experience. The dimensions and proportions given are only approximate for the species, and generally refer to the type material. In spite of these serious deficiencies, it is hoped that such a prelimi­ nary list will be of use to many persons by summarizing conveniently in one publication the main components of the Texas Cretaceous faunas, and by helping to indicate what still remains to be done. In species titles, bold face type refers to recognized species known from Texas ; italics to synonyms or to invalid species; and ROMAN CAPITALS to species described from nearby localities outside of Texas but which will likely be found in the Texan formations, or to foreign species cited from Texas. In citations, bold-face numbers refer to consecutively numbered titles in the main bibliography ; italicised generic or specific names in parenthesis refer to the identification made by the author cited. When not otherwise indicated the description of genera and species is abstracted or summarized from the authors cited. SUMMARY OF FORMATION NOMENCLATURE The accompanying chart will serve roughly to locate in the stratigraphie column the formations mentioned in this handbook. The correlations with European étages are taken with some modifications from BôSE AND CAVINS, 1928, 10, and the other features are from H ill, Stephenson and others ; the writer assumes no responsibility for the correct­ ness of the correlations. Culberson- Fort Worth- Étages Hudspeth Cos. Big Bend Eagle Pass A ustin Dallas-Paris A rkansas MAESTRICHTIAN Chisos Escondido N avarro CAMPANIAN Vieja Tornillo Coal series Webberville (Nacatoeh) Marlbrook Rattlesnake Annona Taylor San Miguel Taylor (Pecan Gap, Ui SANTONIAN San Carlos Anacacho Wolfe City, Ozan 3с Ф Upson Annona) о Terlingua Beds Austin chalk (ճ о» Austin chalk (and Blossom) Brownstown Î4 CONIACIAN A ustin Austin О ?-l (Pinto) а> Рн Рн U pper U pper Р TURONIAN Eagle Ford Eagle Ford Boquillas flags Boquillas flags Eagle Ford Tokio flags Lower Lower Eagle Ford Eagle Ford unnamed shale Woodbine Woodbine L-ÜiJNГ* Tî1 TvTГ* U1V1 1\/Г AIMA ТЧ.ТТ IAIN A Л.Т Buda Buda Buda Buda Del Rio Del Rio Del Rio Del Rio Grayson U pper K gt U pper K gt U pper K gt Main Street Ճ 2 տ Paw paw аЗ UPPER ALBIAN Georgetown Georgetown Georgetown Weno Georgetown Denton WASHITA beds Fort Worth Duck Creek 1 &J0 (formations Edw ards Edw ards Edw ards Kiamichi Kiamichi 73ü _Q2 MIDDLE ALBIAN not named) undifferen­ Comanche Peak Comanche Peak “Goodland” “Goodland” <о տ tiated beds W alnut? “W alnut” W alnut LOWER ALBIAN? Finlay Paluxy >> -и Cox Shafter Glen Rose Glen Rose Glen Rose T rinity beds ;§ APTIAN Etholen Presidio Travis Peak Travis Peak Basal sand ( —Campa grande ) Н HAUTERIVIAN- Malone (part) missing missing missing missing missing VALANGINIAN 8 University of Texas Bulletin ZONE MARKERS AND CORRELATION A. BASAL (M a l o n e ) CRETACEOUS Kitchin has summarized reasons for considering a part of the Malone1 “formation” as Neocomian (Pre-Trinity) in age, probably mostly Valanginian. He states that: The strata comprised in Cragin’s so-called Malone Jurassic for­ mation belong to several, in part widely separated, horizons. There is no evidence of the presence of Jurassic beds of earlier age than Kimmeridge. Two or more Jurassic horizons are represented, and there may probably be breaks in the series. Overlying these strata, and with a relation to the lower series not yet made known, are Lower Cretaceous beds which may be regarded as of Valanginian age. These contain a bivalve fauna related to that of the southern Trigonia seas, in which were laid down the Lower Cretaceous deposits of sub­ littoral character found in the Andean region and in Patagonia; in Cape Colony, Madagascar, Tanganyika Territory and Cutch; and in the now isolated region of New Caledonia. Zone fossils: Astieria sp. Baker, Univ. Texas Bull. 2745, pp. 12, 15 (footnote). Found in the sandstone near the top of the ridge south of the Gypsum Spur. Indicated age: Valanginian-Hauterivian. Trigonia (group Pseudo-quadratae). T. vyschetzkii Cragin. The group is exclusively Lower Cretaceous. Trigonia (group Costatae). This group extends up into the Cre­ taceous. Ptychomya. The genus is nowhere known below the Cretaceous. The full zonation of the basalmost Cretaceous beds in Texas is still unknown. Further ammonite
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